词条 | Balloon release |
释义 |
A balloon release is a ceremonial event in which a number of hydrogen- or helium-filled balloons are unleashed into the sky. There is considerable opposition to, and legislation against, balloon releases, due to environmental, flight safety, and wildlife conservation issues. Balloon releases can be done as a prayer ceremony, to create a photo opportunity, to raise awareness of a cause or campaign, or as a competitive long-distance race. MotivationsAkin to a sky lantern ceremony of Chinese tradition, a group balloon release can serve as a quiet, prayerful group activity at a funeral or solemn occasion. Unlike sky lanterns, which float down after a short time, helium or hydrogen balloons quickly rise to heights in which they can no longer be seen. Balloon releases are also used in celebration, as a substitute to confetti, in order to avoid an immediate mess. A balloon race, or balloon flight contest, is a competition wherein the competitors attempt to send balloons as far as possible. It can be compared to a rubber duck race. Postcards are attached to the balloons which are then released. The flight of the balloons cannot be influenced by the competitors. Instead, success in the contest is dependent on the wind conditions and on the location in which the balloon lands. The contest depends on the goodwill of passers-by to find the balloons and return the postcards. A prize may be awarded to the person whose balloon travels the furthest. TrajectoryHelium balloons are claimed to reach a height of anywhere up to ten kilometres.[1] It is also possible for a balloon, under the right circumstances, to reach equilibrium, and remain suspended in the air for some time, until the helium slowly diffuses out of the balloon. Noted balloon releases
Balloonfest '86{{main||Balloonfest '86}}A balloon release in 1986 by the charity United Way Services of Cleveland, in Ohio, USA, was a fund-raising attempt to break the world record for the number of balloons in a single release. One-and-a-half million balloons were released, but an approaching weather front caused them to return to earth, covering the city in balloons, causing cars to crash, and hindering a coast guard rescue mission.[10] It contributed to the deaths of two sailors on Lake Erie (the wife of one victim sued the organizers, and settled out-of-court),[11] resulted in injuries to horses, and caused traffic accidents.[12] A runway at Burke Lakefront Airport had to be closed.[11] The Guinness Book of Records no longer accepts balloon release records. Industry Code of ConductUnited KingdomIn the United Kingdom, the National Association of Balloon Artists and Suppliers (NABAS) provide guidelines for appropriate balloon releases in order to minimize potential environmental impacts.[13] These guidelines include the limit to the number of balloons that should be released, releasing only balloons made from appropriate material, and that no materials such as ribbons or strings are included or attached to the end of any balloons that are released. OppositionEnvironmental{{See also|Balloon#Safety and environmental concerns}}A number of organisations (for example, in the United Kingdom, these include the Marine Conservation Society,[14] the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals,[14] the Tidy Britain Group,[14] the National Farmers' Union[14] and the RSPB[15]) oppose balloon releases, because of the visual impact of the fallen, deflated balloons, and the risk of harm to wildlife and domestic animals which they pose.[14] For these reasons, balloon releases are prohibited in some jurisdictions.[16][17] In May 2018 a peer-reviewed study by Delia M. Webb was published that revealed 2,223 pieces of balloon litter were found on 39 beaches across Cornwall between July and December 2016. The study entitled "Just a balloon? A local study of the extent and impacts of balloon litter on beaches" reported that some of the balloons found on Cornish beaches had travelled from other parts of the UK, Ireland and Europe.[18] Flight safetyWithin many countries written permission is often required from the relevant airspace regulatory authority. In the UK this would be the Civil Aviation Authority, for releases over a certain number of balloons. Overhead Power LinesOn 9 February 2018 rush-hour trains near Billericay, Essex were disrupted for more than two hours because 50 yellow and black balloons were tangled on overhead lines.[19] Helium scarcityHelium is a natural atmospheric gas, but as a land-resource, it is limited. As of 2012 the United States National Helium Reserve accounted for 30 percent of the world's helium, and was expected to run out of helium in 2018.[20] Some geophysicists fear the world's helium could be gone in a generation.[21] For this reason, balloon releases are seen as a wasteful use of this limited resource. FilmsThe film Rubber Jellyfish made its European and UK debut on 14 March 2019 in Wimborne, Dorset.[22] See also
References1. ^What happens to helium balloons when they float into the sky?- Surfing Scientist 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/agriculture/farming/8494881/Farmer-wins-compensation-after-Red-Nose-Day-balloon-kills-cow.html|title=Farmer wins compensation after Red Nose Day balloon kills cow - Telegraph|date=2011-05-05|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=23 May 2012}} 3. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.xray-mag.com/content/bauer-media-stop-balloon-releases-within-group|title=Bauer Media To Stop 'Balloon Releases' Within The Group|date=9 January 2017|author=Rosemary E Lunn|periodical=X-Ray Mag}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.horseandhound.co.uk/news/nowhere-safe-young-horse-panicked-helium-balloon-suffers-broken-neck-615451|title=‘Nowhere is safe’ - Horse & Hound magazine: Young horse panicked by helium balloon suffers broken neck|date=2017-03-20|work=Horse & Hound magazine}} 5. ^{{Citation|url=https://rosemarylunn.wordpress.com/2017/04/09/boltons-poundbakery-pr-balloon-blunder/|title=Bolton’s ‘Poundbakery’ PR Balloon Blunder|date=9 April 2017|author=Rosemary E Lunn|periodical=The Underwater Marketing Company}} 6. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.xray-mag.com/content/quartz-travel-partners-greenpeace-mass-balloon-release-promote-plastic-oceans/|title='Quartz Travel' partners with Greenpeace on mass balloon release to promote plastic oceans!|date=12 February 2018|author=Rosemary E Lunn|periodical=X-Ray Magazine}} 7. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.xray-mag.com/content/bbcs-spectacular-single-use-plastic-own-goal/|title=BBC's spectacular 'single-use plastic' own goal|date=18 February 2018|author=Rosemary E Lunn|periodical=X-Ray Magazine}} 8. ^[https://www.sunderlandecho.com/our-region/sunderland/connor-brown-murder-moving-pictures-as-sunderland-marks-life-of-teenager-at-balloon-release-1-9625980?page=6 Connor Brown murder: Moving pictures as Sunderland marks life of teenager at balloon release] 9. ^[https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/seabirds-balloons-death-plastic-pollution-waste-turtles-a8802771.html Balloons pose biggest risk of death for seabirds eating plastic, scientists say] 10. ^{{cite web|last1=Gunther|first1=Shea|title=What could go wrong? Releasing 1.4 million balloons over Cleveland, Ohio|url=http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/blogs/what-could-go-wrong-releasing-14-million-balloons-over|website=Mother Nature Network|publisher=Narrative Content Group|accessdate=2 July 2016|date=21 May 2014}} 11. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.cleveland.com/remembers/index.ssf/2011/08/balloonfest_1986_the_spectacle.html |title=Balloonfest 1986, the spectacle that became a debacle |last=Kroll |first=John |date=2011-08-15 |work=The Plain Dealer |accessdate=11 May 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2011/09/twenty-five_years_ago_thousand.html|title=25 years ago, thousands watched a balloon launch on Public Square|first=Michael|last=O'Malley|work=The Plain Dealer|date=26 September 2011|accessdate=5 May 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nabas.co.uk/balloons-and-releases/#codeConduct|title=Guidelines and a Code of Conduct|accessdate=May 29, 2018|publisher=National Association of Balloon Artists and Suppliers}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 UK Rivers Network; Balloon releases: pollution factsheet 15. ^RSPB Marine and coastal policy 16. ^"Mass balloon releases banned from Council owned land" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609171738/http://www.plymouth.gov.uk/newsreleases?newsid=143763 |date=2011-06-09 }} Plymouth City Council, England, news release 17. ^Releases of 20 or more balloons are prohibited in the state of New South Wales, Australia, under section 146E of the NSW Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 18. ^Delia M. Webb Just a balloon? A local study of the extent and impacts of balloon litter on beaches Journal of Litter and Environmental Quality 19. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-43006771/ Bunch of balloons in Billericay halts trains in their tracks 20. ^{{cite news|author=@tdnewcomb |url=http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/08/23/theres-a-helium-shortage-on-and-its-affecting-more-than-just-balloons/?xid=newsletter-weekly#the-government |title=There's a Helium Shortage On — and It's Affecting More than Just Balloons Time August 21, 2012 |publisher=Newsfeed.time.com |date=2012-08-21 |accessdate=2013-09-16}} 21. ^{{cite news|last1=Connor|first1=Steve|title=Why the world is running out of helium|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/why-the-world-is-running-out-of-helium-2059357.html|work=The Independent|date=23 August 2010}} 22. ^Rosemary E Lunn [https://xray-mag.com/content/rubber-jellyfish-film-get-european-debut/ 'Rubber Jellyfish' film to get European debut] X-Ray Magazine External links
4 : Balloons (entertainment)|Competitions|Ceremonies|Litter |
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