“Gwar”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Gwar, often stylized as GWAR, is an American heavy metal band formed in Richmond, Virginia in 1984, composed of and operated by a frequently rotating line-up of musicians, artists and filmmakers collectively known as Slave Pit Inc. Following the death of frontman and lead singer Dave Brockie in 2014, the group has continued without any of its founding members.

Easily identified by their distinctively grotesque costumes, Gwar's core thematic and visual concept revolves around an elaborate science fiction-themed mythology which portrays the band members as barbaric interplanetary warriors, a narrative which serves as the basis for all of the band's albums, videos, live shows and other media. Rife with over-the-top violent, sexual, and scatological humor typically incorporating social and political satire, Gwar have attracted both acclaim and controversy for their music and stage shows, the latter of which notoriously showcase enactments of graphic violence that result in the audience being sprayed with copious amounts of fake blood, urine, and semen. Such stagecraft regularly leads Gwar to be labeled a "shock rock" band by the media.

Since their formation, Gwar have released thirteen studio albums, two live albums, and numerous singles among other recordings, and have sold over 820,000 records in the United States. Fueled largely by the controversies surrounding their concerts, Gwar experienced brief mainstream notoriety during the first half of the 1990s, receiving regular airplay on MTV as well as frequent in-character guest appearances on daytime talk shows, satirizing the topics of censorship and media violence. Though the band's mainstream popularity declined by the end of the 1990s, Gwar has retained a dedicated cult following. The band's extensive videography consists of both live recordings and long-form feature films, most notably 1992's Phallus in Wonderland, which earned a Grammy Award nomination for Best Long Form Music Video. Outside of music and video, Gwar has expanded their franchise into comic books, trading cards, a board game, signature beers, barbecue sauces, and e-liquids.

Stage performance

The band's characteristic costumes are generally made of foam latex, polystyrene foam, and hardened rubber. The costumes cover very little of the band members' bodies; the bare parts are accentuated with makeup. They further their production in concert by spraying their audiences with fluids. Most of the fluids are made of water and powdered food coloring which, for the most part, flakes off or washes out easily. The thicker fluids are made from a clear seaweed extract called carrageenan, which is also used in ice cream and milkshakes. Gwar does not use syrups or stage blood because they dry solid and can damage the band's costumes.

Another trademark of Gwar's live show is their mutilations of celebrities and figures in current events. Victims have included O. J. Simpson, John Kerry, Mike Tyson, every American President since Ronald Reagan, Jerry Garcia, Pope John Paul II, Osama Bin Laden, Michael Jackson, Al Gore, John McCain, Hillary Clinton, Paris Hilton, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Adolf Hitler, Lady Gaga, Marilyn Manson, Jerry Springer, Mr. Lordi, Sarah Palin, Snooki, Mitt Romney, Pope Francis, Justin Bieber, Tony Abbott, Donald Trump and many others. The band also makes frequent references to political and historical figures, fantasy literature, and mythology. For instance, the song "Whargoul" makes reference to Minas Morgul as well as the Eternal Champion of Michael Moorcock. Gwar also has many references to Lovecraftian themes (Antarctica, Yig, Giant Penguins, Fleshy Insanities, etc.). In addition, the title of their fifth album Ragnarok comes from the Norse mythological event Ragnarök. They were nominated for two Grammy Awards, one for Best Metal Performance for "S.F.W." and one for Best Long Form Music Video for Phallus in Wonderland. The band also performed fire dancing until the character "Slymenstra Hymen" left the band.

History

Formation and debut (1984–1989)

Gwar is the end result of two separate projects merged into one. Dave Brockie was the vocalist and bassist for a punk band named Death Piggy that staged mini-plays and used crude props to punctuate their often ridiculous music.^[1] Bands would occasionally practice in a room at the Richmond Dairy, a deserted bottling plant that had been taken over by hippies. The hippies rented out interior areas to various artists and musicians. It was at the Richmond Dairy that Death Piggy met Hunter Jackson (Techno Destructo) and Chuck Varga (Sexecutioner), both attendees of Virginia Commonwealth University who had set up "The Slave Pit", a production space for Scumdogs of the Universe, a movie they intended to make.^[2] Jackson would create props for Death Piggy to use on stage. Brockie had an idea to use the costumes made for Scumdogs of the Universe and have Death Piggy open for themselves as a barbaric band from Antarctica, playing nonsense songs while sacrificing fake animals. The name of the joke group was "Gwaaarrrgghhlllgh". The members of Death Piggy began noticing that more people were coming to see Gwaaarrrgghhlllgh and leaving immediately after the set. After several refinements, including shortening the band's name, Death Piggy was phased out in favor of the band now named Gwar.

The first known line-up for Gwar consisted of Ben Eubanks (vocals), Brockie (guitar), Steve Douglas (guitar), Chris Bopst (bass guitar), Jim Thomson (drums) and Jackson. However, this line-up was short-lived and would suffer multiple changes in the following months, with Eubanks quitting after just one or two shows and being replaced by Joe Annaruma, who went on to record several demo tracks with the band. Annaruma soon quit and was replaced by Brockie. The band solidified into a line-up consisting of Jackson, Don Drakulich, Varga, Mike Delaney, Mike Bonner, Scott Krahl, Dave Musel and Brockie.^[3] Mike Delaney left in 1987. Dewey Rowell (Flattus Maximus), Michael Bishop (Beefcake the Mighty) and Rob Mosby (Nippleus Erectus) were recruited in 1987, along with Steve Douglas (Balsac the Jaws of Death), who rejoined the band after having previously left. Danielle Stampe (alias: Slymenstra Hymen) joined in 1988 as the first full-time female member of Gwar for the first U.S. tour supporting Gwar's debut album Hell-O and toured consistently with the band until 2000.The band has also recruited, and lost, three other female members: The Temptress, Heather Broome (1986); Amazina, Colette Miller (1986–87); and Gwar Woman, Lisa Harrelson (1987–88).

The band's debut album, Hell-O, a crossover thrash metal-punk rock album, was released in 1988 under Shimmy Disc Records. The band started touring in support of the album, with Steve Douglas leaving that same year, later to form the alternative band Log, and being replaced by current rhythm guitarist Michael Derks, who took over Douglas' alias as Balsac the Jaws of Death.

However, the band's line-up underwent further changes before 1990. In 1988, the Slave Pit saw the joining of Bob Gorman, a young, new artist who would help with the art design and fabrication aspects of the band. One year later, in 1989, Rob Mobsy left the band and was replaced by Pete Luchter, who also quit to be replaced temporarily by Jim Thompson, who had been in the band prior to the release of Hell-O. Thompson later quit and was replaced by Brad Roberts, who has since portrayed Jizmak Da Gusha.

Scumdogs of the Universe and This Toilet Earth (1990–1994)

With Gwar's line-up somewhat solidified, the band would set up to record Scumdogs of the Universe released worldwide on producer Ivan Healy Purvis' label Master Records, a subsidiary of Blue Beat Records. The album met a moderately large mainstream success and would mark the start of a career under the Metal Blade Records record label. The band would tour extensively in support for this album,^[4] releasing the Live from Antarctica produced by Ivan Healy Purvis, VHS tape in July 1990, containing, among other things, the music video for the song Sick of You. It was shortly after the video's release when the Slave Pit took in another new, young artist, Matt Maguire, to help out with costume fabrication, as well as illustrations for comics and related material.

In August 1990, Michael Derks had a daughter leading him to take a short break from the band. Barry 'D'live' Ward from the band Rich Kids on LSD filled in on guitar as Balsac on Gwar's 1991 European tour.^[5] Upon returning home, Gwar filmed their first cameo in a mainstream film, Mystery Date.

Scumdogs of the Universe was originally released through the U.K. label Master before being picked up by Metal Blade in 1991. In the group's hunt for a larger label, they auditioned for Relativity Records, one of the larger independent heavy metal labels. The group killed their audition when they showed up in costume and Slymenstra Hymen broke a blood capsule from her codpiece onto one of the office chairs, simulating menstruation.

The band suffered further line-up changes during this period, with Dewey Rowell leaving the band in 1991 and not being replaced until 1992 by Pete Lee, after the recording of America Must Be Destroyed. During this period, Gwar was (temporarily) banned in North Carolina because Brockie was wearing his "Cuttlefish of Cthulhu" codpiece, which led to his arrest; this incident was the inspiration for Gwar's third album, America Must Be Destroyed, released in 1992. The album was accompanied by the movie Phallus in Wonderland, which documented the main concept and contained music videos for the album. Phallus in Wonderland was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1993. After recording for This Toilet Earth was completed, bassist Mike Bishop left the band. He was replaced by Casey Orr, from the band Rigor Mortis.

This Toilet Earth was released in 1994, to moderate success. The album received additional attention due to controversy surrounding "B.D.F.", a song that graphically refers to subjects such as sodomy, necrophilia, pre-natal rape, pedophilia and mutilation. 1994 also saw the music videos for "Saddam a Go-Go" and "The Road Behind" being aired on Beavis and Butt-head. This would also mark the beginning of the band straying from their trademark sound, as the album contained several experimental songs as opposed to the punk of Hell-O and thrash of Scumdogs of the Universe.

Ragnarok, Carnival of Chaos and We Kill Everything (1995–2000)

In 1995, Gwar released Ragnarok, an album characterized by a unique sound, including the use of keyboards, something largely unseen before by the band, as well as a much larger use of secondary vocalists. The record is considered to have been largely unnoticed after the success of the previous three albums. Despite this, the band would record two videos for the album, "Surf of Syn" and "Meat Sandwich" as well as release Rendezvous with Ragnarok to support the album's plot through footage from the supporting tour. Later that year, the band also made a cameo appearance in the film Empire Records.

The band's first side project, X-Cops, would also come to life after the Ragnarok tour, releasing their only full-length album, You Have the Right to Remain Silent..., the same year.

Gwar appeared in a video game focused Circuit City television advertisement in 1996.^[7]

The band's next record would come out in 1997 under the name Carnival of Chaos, proving to be the epitome of this experimental period containing songs from many different genres, including the classic heavy metal, but also hard rock, country, and even jazz. Shortly after the release of Carnival of Chaos, select members of the Gwar ensemble appeared on The Jerry Springer Show to discuss the growing trend of "shock rock" and their role as entertainers. Aside from their appearance on The Joan Rivers Show, this guest appearance is still recognized as one of their most infamous appearances on national TV. In 1998, Gwar fought the ska band, The Aquabats, during The Ska Parade.^[8]

Carnival of Chaos would be the last album with Pete Lee on guitar, being replaced by Tim Harriss who had previously been in the band around 1986 and was featured as a guest guitarist on America Must Be Destroyed. For the recording of We Kill Everything between late 1998 and early 1999, Michael Bishop would temporarily rejoin the band as the bassist during the absence of Casey Orr. The record, largely influenced by punk rock, is the band's least favorite album and thus its songs are rarely played live.

Following this, co-founder Hunter Jackson left the group in 2000 to focus on personal projects. Danielle Stampe left the band to focus on a personal project named Girly Freakshow; however, she rejoined the band temporarily for the Bitch Is Back tour in 2002.

Violence Has Arrived and Live from Mt. Fuji (2001–2005)

Due to the band's distaste for the previous album, Gwar's sound changed considerably for the next recording. With Tim Harriss gone, Zach Blair was hired to fill his spot as Flattus Maximus, Casey Orr also having returned to the band as Beefcake the Mighty for the recording of the band's first entirely thrash metal album in years: Violence Has Arrived, released on November 6, 2001, the album being seen as a "comeback" of sorts and setting off changes that resulted in the current state of the band. Violence Has Arrived was, however, the band's last album on Metal Blade Records, with the band leaving the label soon after the recording and releasing of it.

In 2002 Zach Blair left Gwar to form the power-pop band Armstrong along with drummer Brad Roberts. The band released one album titled Dick the Lionhearted. Since February 2007, Blair has been the guitarist for Rise Against.

As the band focused on a heavier, more brutal sound near the end of this period, it would also result in the creation of another side project, the Dave Brockie Experience, a band created by frontman Dave Brockie along with rhythm guitarist Mike Derks and drummer Brad Roberts as a way of continuing the comedic sound found on albums like We Kill Everything while maintaining a more serious focus in releases by Gwar. They released their first LP on March 20, 2001, Diarrhea of a Madman.

This was not the end of Gwar's new focus on heavy sound, as was proven with the release of Violence Has Arrived by their most successful album in several years, War Party in 2004 on their new record label, DRT Entertainment. The album met with a large underground success, as it followed the same path Violence Has Arrived did, but this time with a more serious and technical edge, partially thanks to the efforts of new lead guitarist Cory Smoot (Flattus Maximus) and bass guitarist Todd Evans (Beefcake the Mighty). Videos were released for "Bring Back the Bomb" and "War Party," and the band was invited to play on the Sounds of the Underground tour in 2005. That same year the band released Live from Mt. Fuji, the band's first live album besides the then extremely rare You're All Worthless and Weak, released in 2000 (and re-released in 2006) on Slave Pit Records.

In 2004 Gwar teamed up with Grey DeLisle (as the voice of Grandma Stuffum) in the Kids Next Door episode "Operation F. O. O. D. F. I. T. E."; the band was credited as Rawg and the songs "The Private Pain of Techno Destructo", "Morality Squad", and "Gor-Gor" were performed with new lyrics, pertaining to the episode, written for each song.

Twenty-fifth anniversary and death of Cory Smoot (2006–2011)

Gwar began work on their next album, tentatively titled Go to Hell!, in January 2006. That same month, Gwar opened a gallery show called "The Art of Gwar" at Art Space gallery in Richmond to display the many props, costumes, cartoons, paintings produced by The Slave Pit, Gwar's art and effects studio.^[9]

On February 23, 2006, Gwar's official website announced Gwar's album, officially titled Beyond Hell, for which, at the urging of DRT Entertainment, a cover version of Alice Cooper's "School's Out" was recorded and released.^[10] The music video was directed by David Brodsky on July 2, 2006. The part of the "school marm" has been mistakenly identified as Devin Townsend, the producer of the Beyond Hell CD. It is actually Scott Krahl, a long-time Gwar "slave" and inventor of Gor-Gor. "School's Out" was nominated for Best Video of 2006 on MTV2's Headbanger's Ball.

The Blood Bath and Beyond DVD was released on June 20, 2006, containing exclusive behind the scenes and vintage footage of the band.

Gwar performed a special "half-time" show at the Sounds Of The Underground 2006 tour. Gwar went on to headline the following year's Sounds of the Underground Tour in 2007.

Vocalist Oderus Urungus is also featured on the last Strapping Young Lad album The New Black as a guest vocalist on the song "Far Beyond Metal". Oderus' lines in the song are taken directly from the Gwar song "Maggots" ("now in the halls of the Necrolord..." etc.). Scott Krahl is in the "School's Out" video as a female teacher, with whom Oderus makes out before mounting "her" at the end of the video.

Beyond Hell was released on August 29, 2006, with Gwar touring to support the album and being helped by the creation of new props for this tour, including several characters from Beyond Hell{{'}}s plot, including Jitler and Jewcifer. Gwar was also present at the third annual Rock & Shock festival from October 13 to 15 as a part of this tour.

In Spring 2008 Todd Evans left Gwar to focus efforts on his project Mobile Deathcamp. Shortly after Todd's departure, Casey Orr was confirmed to return as Beefcake the Mighty.

Sleazy P. Martini returned to the stage with Gwar during their Electile Dysfunction '08 tour.^[11]

In 2009, Gwar celebrated their 25th year as a band. Gwar's eleventh studio album, Lust in Space, was released on August 18, 2009,^[12] through Metal Blade Records. They performed at the 2009 Gathering of the Juggalos and toured nationwide with Lamb of God and Job for a Cowboy.^[13]

A Christmas vinyl record has been available at recent shows consisting of a new song called "Christmas Stripper Summer Weekend" and a live Hell-O medley. The single is also available through the official Gwar website.

Oderus Urungus hosted the "Crack-a-Thon" in Brooklyn, New York at the MF Gallery in April 2010. A second Crack-A-Thon followed in 2011.

On November 9, 2010, Gwar released their twelfth studio album, Bloody Pit of Horror.^[14]^[15]

On November 3, 2011, guitarist Cory Smoot, who had portrayed Flattus Maximus since 2002, was found dead by his fellow band members in the band's tour bus as they prepared to cross the border into Manitoba, Canada from North Dakota. The cause of death was "a coronary artery thrombosis brought about by his pre-existing coronary artery disease."^[16] On November 4, Dave Brockie officially announced that the character of Flattus Maximus would be retired out of respect to Smoot.^[17]

The last single recorded with Smoot was released on December 22, 2011, and is a cover of the Dayglo Abortions song "Isn't This Disgusting". The single was made available on iTunes and appeared on the Dayglo Abortions tribute album in 2012.

Battle Maximus, death of Dave Brockie and future (2012–present)

On April 3, 2012, a television sit-com created by horror filmmaker Adam Green and starring Brockie portraying Oderus Urungus titled Holliston debuted on the FEARnet cable television network. The series starred Oderus as series lead Green's imaginary alien friend who lives in his closet. Brockie toured and appeared with his castmates as Oderus at many live performances of Holliston across the United States in 2012 and 2013. Green also appeared on stage with Gwar several times when the band had him introduce their encore performance. The full Holliston cast was "murdered" on stage and fed to both Gwar's world maggot and meat grinder at several US shows. A third season of Holliston was being scripted by Green when Brockie died of a heroin overdose in March 2014.

Gwar announced that Cannabis Corpse guitarist Brent Purgason would be portraying Pustulus Maximus filling the spot vacated by Cory Smoot, who died of a heart attack.^[18]

On October 2, 2012, The A.V. Club posted a video of the band playing a cover of Kansas' 1976 hit tune "Carry on My Wayward Son".^[19] This was also the first time fans publicly got to witness Pustulus Maximus in live action.

On AXS TV, following their April 17, 2013, live broadcast of the Fate or Chaos tour, it was announced the thirteenth studio album would be called Battle Maximus. The album was released on September 17, 2013.^[20]

On September 13, 2013, an online petition was launched on Change.org to have the band play the 2015 Super Bowl Half Time Show. The petition was directed towards the Senior Vice President of Communications for the NFL, Greg Aiello.

On October 1, 2013, a video of Gwar covering Billy Ocean's "Get Outta My Dreams, Get Into My Car" was posted by The A.V. Club. The song was blended into a medley featuring the Who's "Baba O'Riley".^[21]

On October 19, 2013, Funny Or Die released a one-off animated cartoon produced by Myke Chilian and Gwar titled The Animated Tales of Gwar.^[22]

On March 23, 2014, Dave Brockie, age 50, was found dead by a roommate in his Richmond, Virginia, apartment.^[23] The cause of death was later confirmed to be a heroin overdose.^[24]^[25] Brockie's death leaves the band without any of its founding members.

On April 10, 2014, the surviving members of Gwar and the Slave Pit released a video statement to announce the creation of the David Brockie Foundation, a charity fund for the encouragement of future talent and the preservation of Brockie's body of work. Their first goal with the foundation is to construct a memorial monument to him in Richmond to provide a place of respect for the former frontman of Gwar.^[26]

On May 19, 2014, it was announced through the band's official website that former bassist Mike Bishop (the original Beefcake the Mighty) would be joining the band as vocalist for their first performance without Brockie at the fifth Gwar B-Q.^[27]

In a June 2014 interview with Brad Roberts, Roberts elaborated on the future of Gwar, reasserting the band's long-time mission to continue for as long as possible, remarking "You can't write off Gwar. Gwar is gonna last a thousand years with or without its past or current members". He proceeded to announce plans for a fall 2014 tour with Bishop providing lead vocals, as well as briefly mentioning new material being worked on with Bishop.^[28]

The 2014 Gwar-B-Q went on as planned at Hadad's Lake on August 16, preceded by a public memorial service the day before.^[29] On August 20, 2014, only days after the band's first performance without Brockie, Gwar officially released tour dates for the Gwar Eternal Tour 2014. Also featuring American Sharks, Decapitated, and Corrosion of Conformity, the tour spanned the United States and Canada from October through December.^[30]^[31] Gwar later played the 2014 Riot Fest in Chicago on September 12–14, confirming that the Gwar-B-Q was not a one-off performance for the band.^[32] Gwar debuted their new character Vulvatron at Riot Fest in Chicago.

In October 2014, Gwar made their third appearance on the A.V Club with a cover of the Pet Shop Boy's "West End Girls" which transitioned into "People Who Died" by Jim Carroll—as a tribute to Cory Smoot, Dave Brockie and other friends of Gwar who have since passed on.^[33]

On November 1, 2014, a never before seen video of Oderus Urungus was released, announcing the guest-starring of Gwar in the first issue of the Miss Katonic comic book series.^[34]

In January 2015, GwarBar, an upscale dive bar, opened in Richmond, Virginia.^[35]

On May 7, 2015, Gwar issued an official statement announcing that Kim Dylla had been released from the band directly following the fall 2014 Gwar Eternal Tour, and will no longer perform with the group, although the Vulvatron character may return.^[36]

Discussion outside that statement suggested this was due to alcohol problems that were affecting her performance and that the Vulvatron character would continue to be used despite Dylla's opposition.^[37]

On May 24, 2016, it was announced that the band were working on a new album, the follow-up to 2013's Battle Maximus and their first without founding member and longtime vocalist Brockie.^[38] On June 6, 2017, Gwar announced via Warped Tour's social media accounts that they had officially finished recording their new album, titled The Blood of Gods, which was released on October 20.^[39]

On February 25, 2019, Jamison Land announced on Facebook his departure from the band for family and career reasons.

Gwar-B-Q

Since 2009 Gwar has hosted an annual festival in Richmond, VA called "Gwar-B-Q". The festival boasts of barbecue, rock-and-roll vendors, a haunted house of sorts (where "bohabs" can visit to be spewed and bled upon^[40]) and live music. Held at Hadad's Lake, a natural water park in Richmond, Gwar-B-Q has quickly grown into a destination event having hosted bands like Clutch, Down, Dead Earth Politics, Cancer Bats,

and The Dickies.^[41] At the 2014 Gwar-B-Q, the first since Dave Brockie's death, the singer's Oderus Urungus character was given a Viking funeral, with his stage costume burned on a funeral pyre on Hadad's Lake.^[42]

Etymology

Despite various explanations that Gwar is an acronym for something (such as "God what an awful racket"^[43]), band members have consistently stated that the letters do not stand for anything. The official website of Slave Pit Inc. indicates that Gwar is a shortened version of "Gwaaarrrgghhlllgh", the name the band used originally when opening up for Death Piggy.

Band members

Current members

Former members

Timeline (Recording Era; 1988-present)

Discography

Videography

Grammy Awards and nominations

Gwar has been nominated for two Grammy Awards, but lost to Annie Lennox and Nine Inch Nails.

References

1. ^{{cite news|last1 = Helber|first1 = Bob|last2 = Tartan|first2 = Frances|last3 = O'Hara|first3 = Gail|title = Death Piggy Spews and GWAR Too|pages = 1, 12–13|newspaper = Commonwealth Times|location = Richmond Va|date = 1987-09-15|url = http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/com/id/8857|accessdate=2013-06-07}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.slavepitinc.com/slavepit/timeline/index.html | title=Years 1984 – 1989 | work=Timeline | publisher=Slave Pit Inc. | date=2005-01-08 | accessdate=2008-08-14 }}
3. ^{{cite news|last = Helber|first = Bob|title = Halloween with GWAR|page = 14|newspaper = Commonwealth Times|location = Richmond Va|date = 1986-11-04|url = http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/com/id/7922|accessdate=2013-06-06}}
4. ^{{cite news|last1 = Pollock|first1 = Matt|last2 = Johns|first2 = Jim|title = A firsthand account of the mayhem that is GWAR|pages = 1, 10–11|newspaper = Commonwealth Times|location = Richmond Va|date = 1990-09-18|url = http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/com/id/11096|accessdate=2013-07-24}}
5. ^{{cite book|author=Sharpe-Young, Garry.|page=162|year=2005|title=New Wave of American Heavy Metal|publisher=Zonda Books Limited|isbn=0-958268-40-1}}
6. ^{{cite book |author=Kushner, David |title=How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-375-50524-9}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRAMZVY-xS4|title=GWAR - Circuit City Commercial 1996|first=|last=huntermc|date=September 4, 2006|publisher=|via=YouTube}}
8. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.bostonska.net/news/gwar-vs-the-aquabats/1336/ |title=GWAR vs The Aquabats on The Ska Parade; RIP Dave Brockie | Boston Ska (dot) net |publisher=Bostonska.net |date=2014-03-24 |accessdate=2015-05-30}}
9. ^{{cite news|last1 = Galloway|first1 = James |title = The art of GWAR|pages = 1, 14|newspaper = Commonwealth Times|location = Richmond Va|date = 2006-02-06|url = http://dig.library.vcu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/com/id/13066 |accessdate=2013-09-12}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/Gwars_corey_smoot_we_try_to_make_music_as_kick-ass_as_the_stage_show.html |title=Ultimate Guitar Cory Smoot interview |accessdate=2006-10-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109020455/http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/interviews/interviews/gwars_corey_smoot_we_try_to_make_music_as_kick-ass_as_the_stage_show.html |archivedate=November 9, 2006 }}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gwar.net/home.php |title=Gwar NEWS |work=Gwar homepage |publisher=Slave Pit Inc. |year=2008 |accessdate=2008-08-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812130435/http://www.gwar.net/home.php |archivedate=August 12, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}
12. ^{{Cite news | url=http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/multiarticlesub.aspx?csid1=135&csid2=6&fid1=40126 | archive-url=https://archive.is/20120730190400/http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/multiarticlesub.aspx?csid1=135&csid2=6&fid1=40126 | dead-url=yes | archive-date=2012-07-30 | accessdate=2010-04-03 | work=Exclaim! | date=August 2009 | title=Gwar's Oderous Urungus | first=Keith | last=Carman }}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Oderus Urungus Interview|url= http://musiclegends.ca/interviews/oderus-urungus-gwar-interview-2009/|publisher=Music Legends| first=Jason|last=Saulnier|date=October 29, 2009|accessdate=March 24, 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web |author=Bloody-Disgusting.com |url=http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/music/1043 |title=BD Music News – Exclusive: It's a GWAR Bonanza! Song Premiere AND Official Album Artwork! |publisher=Bloody-disgusting.com |accessdate=2011-07-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716034805/http://www.bloody-disgusting.com/news/music/1043 |archivedate=July 16, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Oderus Urungus Interview|url= http://musiclegends.ca/interviews/oderus-urungus-gwar-interview/|publisher=Music Legends| first=Jason|last=Saulnier|date=October 15, 2010|accessdate=March 24, 2014}}
16. ^{{cite web|author=Rolling Stone |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/gwar-guitarist-found-dead-20111103 |title=GWAR Guitarist Found Dead|publisher=rollingstone.com |accessdate=2011-11-04}}
17. ^{{cite web|author=Metal Underground |url=http://www.metalunderground.com/news/details.cfm?newsid=73562 |title=Dave Brockie AKA Oderus Urungus Speaks About Cory Smoot's death|publisher=metalunderground.com |accessdate=2011-11-04}}
18. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.thegauntlet.com/article/182/26296/GWAR-Releases-Partial-Photo-Of-New-Guitarist-Pustulus-Maximus |title=GWAR Releases Partial Photo Of New Guitarist Pustulus Maximus |first=Jason |last=Fisher |work=The Gauntlet Heavy Metal News |date=25 September 2012 |accessdate=24 December 2013}}
19. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.avclub.com/video/gwar-covers-kansas-70708 |title=GWAR covers Kansas |first=Josh |last=Modell |work=The A.V. Club |date=2 October 2012 |accessdate=24 December 2013}}
20. ^{{cite web |url= http://metalblade.com/gwar/ |title=GWAR | Battle Maximus |work=metalblade.com |year=2013 |accessdate=24 December 2013}}
21. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.avclub.com/video/gwar-covers-billy-ocean-93870 |title=GWAR covers Billy Ocean |first=Josh |last=Modell |work=The A.V. Club |date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=24 December 2013}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://loudwire.com/gwar-funny-or-die-cartoon|title=Q&A|last=Green|first=Chad|publisher=Chad Childers|accessdate=14 March 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://wtvr.com/2014/03/24/gwar-founder-dave-brockie-found-dead-in-richmond-home/ |title=GWAR Dave Brockie found dead |publisher=WTVR.com |date= |accessdate=2014-03-24}}
24. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.fuse.tv/2014/06/gwar-dave-brockie-heroin-overdose?campaign=scl|title=GWAR's Dave Brockie Died of a Heroin Overdose|publisher=Fuse.tv|date= |accessdate=2014-06-04}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/gwar-statement-for-david-brockie-tributes-from-acts-flow-20140325|title=Gwar Statement For David Brockie, Tributes From Acts Flow|publisher=Noise11.com|date= |accessdate=2014-03-25}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gwar.net/news/1569 |title=The official Cyber-Fortress of your Lords and Masters, GWAR! News | GWAR! :: The official Cyber-Fortress of your Lords and Masters, GWAR! - Part 1569 |publisher=GWAR.net |date= |accessdate=2015-05-30}}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gwar.net/news/attention-gwar-is-sharpening-blades-to-perform-at-the-5th-annual-gwar-b-q-tickets-go-on-sale-june-6th |title=The official Cyber-Fortress of your Lords and Masters, GWAR! Nothing found for News Attention Gwar Is Sharpening Blades To Perform At The 5Th Annual Gwar B Q Tickets Go On Sale June 6Th |publisher=GWA.net |date= |accessdate=2015-05-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014050021/http://www.gwar.net/news/attention-gwar-is-sharpening-blades-to-perform-at-the-5th-annual-gwar-b-q-tickets-go-on-sale-june-6th |archivedate=October 14, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
28. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.commdiginews.com/entertainment/exclusive-interview-brad-roberts-on-the-future-of-gwar-19039/ |title=EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Brad Roberts on the future of GWAR |date=June 6, 2014}}
29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.factormetal.com/noticias/fallece-el-lider-de-gwar/ |title=Dave Brockie (Oderus Urungus) of GWAR dies at 50}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://loudwire.com/gwar-2014-north-american-tour-corrosion-of-conformity-decapitated/ |title=GWAR Announce 2014 North American Tour with Corrosion of Conformity + Decapitated |date=August 20, 2014}}
31. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gwar.net/news/gwar-to-embark-upon-the-gwar-eternal-tour-2014 |title=GWAR to Embark Upon the "GWAR Eternal Tour 2014" |date=August 20, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822035351/http://www.gwar.net/news/gwar-to-embark-upon-the-gwar-eternal-tour-2014 |archivedate=August 22, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://riotfest.org/2014/05/chicago-riot-fest-carnival-lineup-announced-osn/ |title=(CHICAGO) Riot Fest & Carnival Lineup Announced & On Sale Now! |publisher=Riotfest.org |date= |accessdate=2015-05-30}}
33. ^{{cite web|last=Modell |first=Josh |url=http://www.avclub.com/video/gwar-covers-pet-shop-boys-211000 |title=GWAR covers Pet Shop Boys · A.V. Undercover · The A.V. Club |publisher=Avclub.com |date=2014-10-28 |accessdate=2015-05-30}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZb8QD63XSc |title=Oderus Urungus Supports Miss Katonic Kickstarter |publisher=YouTube.com |date= |accessdate=2015-05-30}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.richmond.com/food-drink/article_9044c03e-9128-11e4-9efa-dfdab2e3648f.html |title=GWARbar is now open - Richmond.com: Food And Drink |publisher=Richmond.com |date=2015-01-01 |accessdate=2015-05-30}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/gwar/posts/975797155773086 |title=Gwar - GWAR, the world's premier shock rock band, today... |accessdate=2015-06-24}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://loudwire.com/gwar-kim-dylla-online-spat-vulvatron-character/ |title=GWAR Dismissal of Kim Dylla Leads to Online Spat Over Vulvatron Character |accessdate=2015-06-24}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gwar.net/news/introducing-pustys-mailbag-an-ongoing-gwar-q-a-series |title=Introducing Pusty's Mailbag An Ongoing GWAR Q & A Series |accessdate=2016-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527061958/http://www.gwar.net/news/introducing-pustys-mailbag-an-ongoing-gwar-q-a-series |archive-date=May 27, 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/gwar-to-release-the-blood-of-gods-album-in-october/ |title=GWAR To Release 'The Blood Of Gods' Album In October |accessdate=2017-08-08}}
40. ^{{Cite web|title = Event Report: GWAR-B-Q 2015!|url = http://www.fangoria.com/new/event-report-gwar-b-q-2015/|website = FANGORIA®|access-date = 2016-01-24}}
41. ^{{Cite web|title = GWAR B-Q 2015 – Presented by Ring Dog Rescue, Mount Baker Vapor, & Slave Pit Inc. {{!}} More Bands Steal Money From Their Mom's Purses As They Prepare To Make Their Way Across Country On "The Road to GWAR B-Q 2015"|url = http://gwarbq.com/news/more-bands-steal-money-from-their-moms-purses-as-they-prepare-to-make-their-way-across-country-on-the-road-to-gwar-b-q-2015|website = gwarbq.com|access-date = 2016-01-24|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160131183942/http://gwarbq.com/news/more-bands-steal-money-from-their-moms-purses-as-they-prepare-to-make-their-way-across-country-on-the-road-to-gwar-b-q-2015|archivedate = January 31, 2016|df = mdy-all}}
42. ^{{cite web|last1=Coleman|first1=Miriam|title=Gwar Sends Off Oderus Urungus With a Viking Funeral|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/gwar-sends-off-oderus-urungus-with-a-viking-funeral-20140817|website=Rolling Stone|accessdate=10 September 2016}}
43. ^¹{{Allmusic |class= artist|id= p4420|tab= biography|label= Biography of GWAR |first= Steve |last= Huey|accessdate= 2011-10-26}}
44. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/gwar-frontman-dave-brockie-a-k-a-oderus-urungus-reportedly-dead-at-50/ |title=Gwar Frontman Dave Brockie A.K.A. Oderus Urungus Dead At 50 |work=Blabbermouth.net |accessdate=June 8, 2015}}
45. ^http://loudwire.com/tags/vulvatron/
46. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.revolvermag.com/news/gwar-guitarist-cory-flattus-maximus-smoots-cause-of-death-revealed.html |title=GWAR Guitarist Cory "Flattus Maximus" Smoot's Cause of Death Revealed |work=revolvermag.com |accessdate=June 8, 2015}}
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/todd-evans-quits-gwar/|title=Todd Evans Quits Gwar |work=Blabbermouth.net |accessdate=June 8, 2015}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.blabbermouth.net/news/casey-orr-announces-his-departure-from-gwar/|title=Casey Orr Announces His Departure From Gwar |work=Blabbermouth.net |accessdate=June 8, 2015}}