“Beit Fajjar”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A tomb, dating from about the time of Constantine the Great, or the 4th century C.E, have been excavated here.^[5]

Beit Fajjar is believed to have been a camping area for the Islamic Caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab.^[6]

Ottoman era

According to the people of Beit Fajjar, they came from Bethlehem, and settled at Beit Fajjar in 1784.^[7]

French explorer Victor Guérin visited the village in 1863, and described it as a village on the top of a hill, with about 400 people. The villagers still buried their dead in rock-cut tombs, below the village.^[10] An Ottoman village list of about 1870 indicated 27 houses and a population of 81, though the population count included only men.^[11]^[12]

In the 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's "Survey of Western Palestine", Beit Fejjar was described as a "small stone village standing very high on a ridge. It is supplied by the fine springs and spring wells of Wady el Arrub".^[13]

In 1896 the population of Bet faddscar was estimated to be about 624 persons.^[14]

British Mandate era

The site's high altitude was the highest point in the area and later the town expanded into other hills. During British rule in Palestine in the 1920s-1940s, Beit Fajjar was used as an observation point for the Bethlehem-Hebron area.^[16]

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Fajjar had a population 766, all Muslims.^[15] In the 1931 census the population of Beit Fajjar was counted together with Umm Salamuna, Marah Ma'alla and Marah Rabah. The total population was 1043, still all Muslims, in 258 houses.^[16]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Fajjar was 1,480, all Muslims,^[17] who owned 17,292 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.^[18] 2,572 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,633 for cereals,^[19] while 87 dunams were built-up (urban) land.^[20]

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Beit Fajjar came under Jordanian rule, and was annexed in 1950.

After 1967

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beit Fajjar has been under Israeli occupation. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 2,474.^[22]

The former head of Beit Fajjar's local council, Saber Mohammed Abdul Latif, testified to United Nations representatives that after his arrest on November 1, 1969, how Beit Fajjar had been besieged for about four months, no water had been allowed in and some 70 houses had been blown up. Abdul Latif was then deported on August 28, 1970.^[23]

After the 1995 accords, 85.7% of Beit Fajjar land was classified as Area B land, while the remaining 14.3% is Area C.^[24]

Economy

The primary economic sectors are agriculture and stone-cutting. Beit Fajjar is a major player in the stone industry, supplying meleke, widely known as Jerusalem stone, used in the construction of buildings in Israel and the Palestinian territories.^[26] There are 138 stone production outlets in Beit Fajjar, out of 650 in the West Bank.^[27] After about 1998, the Palestinian quarry owners have experienced difficulties in renewing their permits. According to HRW, while "Israel issued a permit to the European company to operate the quarry on an area of land that Israel declared belongs to the state, Israel has refused to issue permits for nearly all of the 40 or so Beit Fajar quarries, or for almost any other Palestinian-owned quarry in the area of the West Bank under Israel’s administrative control." ^[28]

Arab-Israeli conflict

On 4 October 2010, a mosque in Beit Fajjar was attacked by arsonists, who doused carpets with kerosene and ignited them at approximately 3am local time. The attackers left a "Star of David symbol and the words 'Price Tag'" over the doorway; the slogan is associated with militant Israeli settlers, who Palestinian residents accused of responsibility for the attack. Gush Etzion is close to the village.^[29] After the attack, a delegation of Rabbis from the adjacent Jewish settlements arranged with Beit Fajjar leadership and the PA security and visited the mosque in solidarity, while condemning the arson attack.^[30]

On October 30, 2015, the PA health ministry reported that an 8 month old boy from Beit Fajjar had died after inhaling tear gas fired by the IDF.^[31]

References

1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/388/mode/1up 388]
2. ^2007 PCBS Census Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. p.118
3. ^Tsafrir et al, 1979
4. ^Toledano, 1984, p. 291, has Barikut at location 31°38′40″N 35°08′15″E.
5. ^Husseini and Iliffe, 1935, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.56294/2015.56294.Quarterly-Of-The-Department-Of-Antiquities-In-Palestine-Vol4#page/n317/mode/1up 175]-178
6. ^¹Kark and Oren-Nordheim, 2001, p. [https://books.google.com/?id=KzOAxmHDzHUC&pg=PA334 334]
7. ^Beit Fajjar Town Profile, p. 5, ARIJ
8. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n205/mode/1up 183]
9. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/115/mode/1up 115]
10. ^Guérin, 1869, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n314/mode/1up 301]
11. ^Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/154/mode/1up 154]
12. ^Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n950/mode/1up 142], also noted 27 houses
13. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1883, vol. 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/303/mode/1up 303]
14. ^Schick, 1896, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n230/mode/1up 123]
15. ^Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Bethlehem, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n20/mode/1up 18]
16. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 35]
17. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 24
18. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 56
19. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 101
20. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 151
21. ^Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 15
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=Levy Economics Institute |publisher= |access-date=24 June 2016 |quote=}}
23. ^UN Doc {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212181417/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/9a798adbf322aff38525617b006d88d7/858c88eb973847f4802564b5003d1083%21OpenDocument |date=February 12, 2007 }} A/8389 of 5 October 1971
24. ^Beit Fajjar Town Profile, p. 17, ARIJ
25. ^Trailblazer Opens Doors for Palestinian Women | IIP Digital
26. ^¹Beit Fajjar Centre for Cultural Heritage Preservation
27. ^Palestinians' stones cut both ways, Csmonitor
28. ^[https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/01/19/occupation-inc/how-settlement-businesses-contribute-israels-violations-palestinian Occupation, Inc. How Settlement Businesses Contribute to Israel’s Violations of Palestinian Rights], January 19, 2016, HRW
29. ^[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6933BG20101004 Korans burnt in West Bank mosque attack] Reuters, 4 October 2010
30. ^Rabbis visit torched mosque, condemn attack
31. ^PA: Palestinian baby dies from inhaling tear gas fired by IDF, October 30, 2015, Times of Israel

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