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词条 Hammer throw
释义

  1. History

  2. Competition

  3. All-time top 25 hammer throwers

     Men  Notes  Non-legal marks  Women  Notes  Non-legal marks 

  4. Olympic medalists

     Men  Women 

  5. World Championships medalists

     Men  Women 

  6. Season's bests

     Men  Women 

  7. See also

  8. Notes and references

  9. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}{{Infobox athletics event
|event= Hammer throw
|image=
|caption= Irish-born American John Flanagan in the hammer throw competition at the Summer Olympics 1908 in London
|WRmen= {{flagicon|URS}} Yuriy Sedykh 86.74 m (1986)
|ORmen= {{flagicon|URS}} Sergey Litvinov 84.80 m (1988)
|WRwomen= {{flagicon|POL}} Anita Włodarczyk 82.98 m (2016)
|ORwomen= {{flagicon|POL}} Anita Włodarczyk 82.29 m (2016)
}}

The hammer throw is one of the four throwing events in regular track and field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin. The "hammer" used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. The size of the ball varies between men's and women's competitions (see Competition section below for details).

History

With roots dating back to the 15th century, the contemporary version of the hammer throw is one of the oldest of Olympic Games competitions, first included at the 1900 games in Paris, France (the second Olympiad of the modern era). Its history since the late 1960s and legacy prior to inclusion in the Olympics have been dominated by European and Eastern European influence, which has affected interest in the event in other parts of the world.

The hammer evolved from its early informal origins to become part of the Scottish Highland games in the late 18th century, where the original version of the event is still contested today.

While the men's hammer throw has been part of the Olympics since 1900, the International Association of Athletics Federations did not start ratifying women's marks until 1995. Women's hammer throw was first included in the Olympics at the 2000 summer games in Sydney, Australia, after having been included in the World Championships a year earlier.

Competition

The men's hammer weighs {{convert|16|lb|kg|2|lk=on}} and measures {{convert|3|ft|11+3/4|in|cm|1}} in length, and the women's hammer weighs {{convert|8.82|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and {{convert|3|ft|11|in|cm|1|abbr=on}} in length.[1] Like the other throwing events, the competition is decided by who can throw the implement the farthest.

Although commonly thought of as a strength event, technical advancements in the last 30 years have evolved hammer throw competition to a point where more focus is on speed in order to gain maximum distance.

The throwing motion involves about two swings from stationary position, then three, four or very rarely five rotations of the body in circular motion using a complicated heel-toe movement of the foot. The ball moves in a circular path, gradually increasing in velocity with each turn with the high point of the hammer ball toward the target sector and the low point at the back of the circle. The thrower releases the ball from the front of the circle.

{{Asof|2015}} the men's hammer world record is held by Yuriy Sedykh, who threw {{T&Fcalc|86.74}} at the 1986 European Athletics Championships in Stuttgart, West Germany on 30 August.

The world record for the women's hammer is held by Anita Włodarczyk, who threw {{T&Fcalc|82.98}} during the Kamila Skolimowska Memorial on 28 August 2016.

All-time top 25 hammer throwers

{{see also|Men's hammer throw world record progression|Women's hammer throw world record progression}}

Men

  • Updated August 2015
RankMarkAthleteLocationDateRef
186.74}}{{flagathlete|Yuriy Sedykh|SUN}}Stuttgart30 August 1986
286.04}}{{flagathlete|Sergey Litvinov|SUN}}Dresden3 July 1986
384.90}}{{flagathlete|Vadim Devyatovskiy|BLR}}Minsk21 July 2005
484.86}}{{flagathlete|Koji Murofushi|JPN}}Prague29 June 2003
584.62}}{{flagathlete|Igor Astapkovich|BLR|1991}}Seville6 June 1992
684.51}}{{flagathlete|Ivan Tsikhan|BLR}}Grodno9 July 2008
784.48}}{{flagathlete|Igor Nikulin|SUN}}Lausanne12 July 1990
884.40}}{{flagathlete|Jüri Tamm|SUN}}Banská Bystrica9 September 1984
984.19}}{{flagathlete|Adrián Annus|HUN}}Szombathely10 August 2003
1083.93}}{{flagathlete|Paweł Fajdek|POL}}Szczecin9 August 2015[2]
1183.68}}{{flagathlete|Tibor Gécsek|HUN}}Zalaegerszeg19 September 1998
1283.46}}{{flagathlete|Andrey Abduvaliyev|SUN}}Sochi26 May 1990
1383.43}}{{flagathlete|Aleksey Zagornyi|RUS}}Adler10 February 2002
1483.40}}{{flagathlete|Ralf Haber|DDR}}Athens16 May 1988
1583.38}}{{flagathlete|Szymon Ziółkowski|POL}}Edmonton5 August 2001
1683.30}}{{flagathlete|Olli-Pekka Karjalainen|FIN}}Lahti14 July 2004
1783.04}}{{flagathlete|Heinz Weis|DEU}}Frankfurt29 June 1997
1883.00}}{{flagathlete|Balázs Kiss|HUN}}Saint-Denis4 June 1998
1982.78}}{{flagathlete|Karsten Kobs|DEU}}Dortmund26 June 1999
2082.69}}{{flagathlete|Krisztián Pars|HUN}}Zürich16 August 2014
2182.64}}{{flagathlete|Günther Rodehau|DDR}}Dresden3 August 1985
2282.62}}{{flagathlete|Sergey Kirmasov|RUS}}Zalaegerszeg30 May 1998
82.62}}{{flagathlete|Andriy Skvaruk|UKR}}Kiev27 April 2002
2482.58}}{{flagathlete|Primož Kozmus|SVN}}Celje2 September 2009
2582.54}}{{flagathlete|Vasiliy Sidorenko|RUS}}Krasnodar13 May 1992

Notes

Below is a list of all other throws superior to 86.50 metres:

  • Yuriy Sedykh 86.66 m (1986). Sedykh also threw 86.68 m and 86.62 m ancillary marks during world record competition.

Non-legal marks

  • Ivan Tsikhan of Belarus also threw 86.73 on 3 July 2005 in Brest, but this performance was annulled due to drugs disqualification.

Women

  • Correct as of June 2018.[3]
RankMarkAthleteDateLocationRef
182.98}}{{flagathlete|Anita Włodarczyk|POL}}28 August 2016Warsaw[4]
279.42}}{{flagathlete|Betty Heidler|DEU}}21 May 2011Halle
378.80}}{{flagathlete|Tatyana Lysenko|RUS}}16 August 2013Moscow
478.12}}{{flagathlete|DeAnna Price|USA}}23 June 2018Des Moines[5]
577.78}}{{flagathlete|Gwen Berry|USA}}8 June 2018Chorzów[6]
677.68}}{{flagathlete|Zheng Wang|CHN}}29 March 2014Chengdu
777.33}}{{flagathlete|Zhang Wenxiu|CHN}}28 September 2014Incheon
877.32}}{{flagathlete|Aksana Miankova|BLR}}29 June 2008Minsk
977.26}}{{flagathlete|Gulfiya Agafonova|RUS}}12 June 2006Tula
1077.13}}{{flagathlete|Oksana Kondratyeva|RUS}}30 June 2013Zhukovskiy
1176.90}}{{flagathlete|Martina Hrašnová|SVK}}16 May 2009Trnava
1276.85}}{{flagathlete|Malwina Kopron|POL}}26 August 2017Taipei[7]
1376.83}}{{flagathlete|Kamila Skolimowska|POL}}11 May 2007Doha
1476.72}}{{flagathlete|Mariya Bespalova|RUS}}23 June 2012Zhukovsky
1576.66}}{{flagathlete|Volha Tsander|BLR}}23 June 2006Minsk
1676.63}}{{flagathlete|Yekaterina Khoroshikh|RUS}}23 June 2006Zhukovsky
1776.62}}{{flagathlete|Yipsi Moreno|CUB}}9 September 2008Zagreb
1876.56}}{{flagathlete|Alena Matoshka|BLR}}12 June 2012Minsk
1976.33}}{{flagathlete|Darya Pchelnik|BLR}}29 June 2008Minsk
2076.26}}{{flagathlete|Hanna Malyshik|BLR}}27 April 2018Brest
2176.21}}{{flagathlete|Yelena Konevtseva|RUS}}26 May 2007Sochi
2276.17}}{{flagathlete|Anna Bulgakova|RUS}}24 July 2013Moscow
2376.07}}{{flagathlete|Mihaela Melinte|ROU}}29 August 1999Rüdlingen
2476.05}}{{flagathlete|Kathrin Klaas|DEU}}10 August 2012London
25{{T&Fcalc|75.73}}{{flagathlete|Amanda Bingson|USA}}22 June 2013Des Moines
{{flagathlete|Sultana Frizell|CAN}}22 May 2014Tucson

Notes

Below is a list of throws equal or superior to 78.00 m:

  • Anita Włodarczyk also threw 82.87 m (2017), 82.29 m (2016), 81.77 m (2016), 81.74 (2016), 81.63 m (2017), 81.27 m (2016), 81.08 m (2015), 80.85 m (2015), 80.79 m (2017), 80.73 m (2017), 80.69 m (2017), 80.42 m (2017), 80.40 m (2016), 80.31 m (2016), 80.26 m (2016), 79.80 m (2017), 79.73 m (2017), 79.72 m (2017), 79.68 m (2016, 2017), 79.67 m (2016), 79.63 m (2017), 79.62 m (2016), 79.61 m (2016), 79.59 m (2018), 79.58 m (2016), 79.48 m (2016), 79.45 m (2016), 79.39 m (2016), 79.27 m (2017), 79.23 m (2017), 79.07 m (2017), 79.06 m (2017), 78.94 m (2018), 78.76 m (2014), 78.74 m (2018), 78.69 m (2016), 78.59 m (2017), 78.55 m (2018), 78.54 m (2016), 78.52 m (2017), 78.46 m (2013), 78.35 m (2017), 78.30 m (2010), 78.28 m (2015), 78.24 m (2015), 78.22 m (2013), 78.17 m (2014), 78.16 m (2015), 78.14 m (2016), 78.10 (2016), 78.00 m (2017).
  • Tatyana Lysenko also threw 78.51 m (2012) and 78.15 m (2013)
  • Betty Heidler also threw 78.07 m (2012) and 78.00 m (2014).

Non-legal marks

The following athletes had their performances (over 77.00 m) annulled due to doping offences:

  • Aksana Miankova (Belarus) 78.69 m and 78.19 m (both 2012)
  • Gulfiya Agafonova (Russia) 77.36 m (2007)

Olympic medalists

Men

{{Olympic medalists in men's hammer throw}}

Women

{{Olympic medalists in women's hammer throw}}

World Championships medalists

Men

{{World Championships in Athletics medalists in men's hammer throw}}

Women

{{World Championships in Athletics medalists in women's hammer throw}}

Season's bests

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

Men

YearMarkAthleteLocation
197176.40}}{{flagathlete|Walter Schmidt|FRG}}Lahr
197275.88}}{{flagathlete|Anatoliy Bondarchuk|URS}}Kiev
197375.20}}{{flagathlete|Anatoliy Bondarchuk|URS}}Moscow
197476.66}}{{flagathlete|Aleksey Spiridonov|URS}}Munich
197579.30}}{{flagathlete|Walter Schmidt|FRG}}Frankfurt
197678.86}}{{flagathlete|Yuriy Sedykh|URS}}Sochi
197777.60}}{{flagathlete|Karl-Hans Riehm|FRG}}Gelsenkirchen
197880.32}}{{flagathlete|Karl-Hans Riehm|FRG}}Heidenheim
197979.82}}{{flagathlete|Sergey Litvinov|URS}}Leipzig
198081.80}}{{flagathlete|Yuriy Sedykh|URS}}Moscow
198180.56}}{{flagathlete|Klaus Ploghaus|FRG}}Obersühl
198283.98}}{{flagathlete|Sergey Litvinov|URS}}Moscow
198384.14}}{{flagathlete|Sergey Litvinov|URS}}Moscow
198486.34}}{{flagathlete|Yuriy Sedykh|URS}}Cork
198584.08}}{{flagathlete|Jüri Tamm|URS}}Budapest
198686.74}}{{flagathlete|Yuriy Sedykh|URS}}Stuttgart
198783.48}}{{flagathlete|Sergey Litvinov|URS}}Karl-Marx-Stadt
198885.14}}{{flagathlete|Yuriy Sedykh|URS}}Moscow
198982.84}}{{flagathlete|Heinz Weis|FRG}}Berlin
199084.48}}{{flagathlete|Igor Nikulin|URS}}Lausanne
199184.26}}{{flagathlete|Igor Astapkovich|BLR|1991}}Reims
199284.62}}{{flagathlete|Igor Astapkovich|BLR|1991}}Seville
199382.78}}{{flagathlete|Andrey Abduvaliyev|UZB}}Nitra
199483.36}}{{flagathlete|Andrey Abduvaliyev|UZB}}Budapest
199583.10}}{{flagathlete|Andrey Abduvaliyev|UZB}}Tashkent
199682.52}}{{flagathlete|Lance Deal|USA}}Milan
199783.04}}{{flagathlete|Heinz Weis|GER}}Frankfurt
199883.68}}{{flagathlete|Tibor Gécsek|HUN}}Zalaegerszeg
199982.78}}{{flagathlete|Karsten Kobs|GER}}Dortmund
200082.58}}{{flagathlete|Igor Astapkovich|BLR}}Stayki
200183.47}}{{flagathlete|Koji Murofushi|JPN}}Toyota
200283.43}}{{flagathlete|Aleksey Zagornyi|RUS}}Adler
200384.86}}{{flagathlete|Koji Murofushi|JPN}}Prague
200484.46}}{{flagathlete|Ivan Tsikhan|BLR}}Minsk
200584.90}}{{flagathlete|Vadim Devyatovskiy|BLR}}Minsk
200682.95}}{{flagathlete|Vadim Devyatovskiy|BLR}}Stayki
200783.63}}{{flagathlete|Ivan Tsikhan|BLR}}Osaka
200884.51}}{{flagathlete|Ivan Tsikhan|BLR}}Grodno
200982.58}}{{flagathlete|Primož Kozmus|SLO}}Celje
201080.99}}{{flagathlete|Koji Murofushi|JPN}}Rieti
201181.89}}{{flagathlete|Krisztián Pars|HUN}}Szombathely
201282.81}}{{flagathlete|Ivan Tsikhan|BLR}}Brest
201382.40}}{{flagathlete|Krisztián Pars|HUN}}Dubnica
201483.48}}{{flagathlete|Pawel Fajdek|POL}}Warsaw
201583.93}}{{flagathlete|Pawel Fajdek|POL}}Szczecin
201681.87}}{{flagathlete|Pawel Fajdek|POL}}Bydgoszcz
{{col-2}}

Women

YearMarkAthletePlace
198858.94}}{{flagathlete|Carol Cady|USA}}Los Gatos
198961.50}}{{flagathlete|Yelena Pichugina|URS}}Frunze
199061.96}}{{flagathlete|Larisa Baranova|URS}}Adler
199164.44}}{{flagathlete|Alla Davydova|URS}}Adler
199265.40}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Bryansk
199364.64}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Krasnodar
199467.34}}{{flagathlete|Svetlana Sudak|BLR|1991}}Minsk
199568.16}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Moscow
199669.46}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Sydney
199773.10}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Munich
199873.80}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Tolyatti
199976.07}}{{flagathlete|Mihaela Melinte|ROM}}Rüdlingen
200075.68}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Tula
200173.62}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Adler
200273.07}}{{flagathlete|Olga Kuzenkova|RUS}}Annecy
200375.14}}{{flagathlete|Yipsi Moreno|CUB}}Savona
200475.18}}{{flagathlete|Yipsi Moreno|CUB}}Havana
200577.06}}{{flagathlete|Tatyana Lysenko|RUS}}Moscow
200677.80}}{{flagathlete|Tatyana Lysenko|RUS}}Tallinn
200777.30}}{{flagathlete|Tatyana Lysenko|RUS}}Adler
200877.32}}{{flagathlete|Aksana Miankova|BLR}}Minsk
200977.96}}{{flagathlete|Anita Włodarczyk|POL}}Berlin
201078.30}}{{flagathlete|Anita Włodarczyk|POL}}Bydgoszcz
201179.42}}{{flagathlete|Betty Heidler|GER}}Halle
201278.69}}{{flagathlete|Aksana Miankova|BLR}}Minsk
201378.80}}{{flagathlete|Tatyana Lysenko|RUS}}Moscow
201479.58}}{{flagathlete|Anita Włodarczyk|POL}}Berlin
201581.08}}{{flagathlete|Anita Włodarczyk|POL}}Władysławowo
201682.98}}{{flagathlete|Anita Włodarczyk|POL}}Warsaw
{{col-end}}

See also

  • List of hammer throwers

Notes and references

1. ^{{cite web|title=Hammer Throw - Introduction|url=http://www.iaaf.org/community/athletics/trackfield/newsid=9418.html|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=12 December 2011}}
2. ^{{cite news|title=Fajdek throws 83.93m in Szczecin|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/fajdek-wlodarczyk-61st-janusz-kusocinski-memo|publisher=IAAF|author=Phil Minshull|date=9 August 2015|accessdate=10 August 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=All-time women's best hammer throw|url=https://www.iaaf.org/records/toplists/throws/hammer-throw/outdoor/women/senior|publisher=IAAF|date=7 May 2017|accessdate=7 May 2017}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=Wlodarczyk extends hammer world record in Warsaw|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/anita-wlodarczyk-hammer-world-record-warsaw|work=IAAF|date=28 August 2016|accessdate=28 August 2016}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Price breaks North American hammer record on third day of US Championships|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/us-championships-2018-des-moines-price-wimble|publisher=IAAF|author=Roy Jordan|date=24 June 2018|accessdate=24 June 2018}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Berry and Nowicki topple hammer favourites in Chorzow|url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/janusz-kusocinski-memorial-2018-berry|publisher=IAAF|author=Jon Mulkeen|date=8 June 2018|accessdate=11 June 2018}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Women's Hammer Final Results|url=https://data.2017.gov.taipei/atos/prod/resTP2017/pdf/TP2017/AT/TP2017_AT_C73S_ATW054101.pdf|publisher=2017.taipei|date=26 August 2017|accessdate=26 August 2017}}

External links

  • [https://iaaf.gekko.de/?a=throws&d=hammer-throw IAAF list of hammer-throw records in XML]
  • HammerThrow.eu (Results, Top-Lists, Records, Videos, ...)
  • HammerThrow.org (Information about the event, coaching tips and resources, ...)
  • Statistics
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727165848/http://trackfieldevents.com/records/hammer-throw-records Hammer Throw Records]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090727165812/http://trackfieldevents.com/history/hammer-throw-history Hammer Throw History]
{{Athletics events}}{{Portal bar|Athletics}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hammer throw}}

7 : Hammer throw|Individual sports|Events in athletics (track and field)|Sports originating in Scotland|Throwing sports|Summer Olympic disciplines in athletics|Articles containing video clips
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