| 词条 | Hans Krása |
| 释义 |
Hans Krása (30 November 1899 – 17 October 1944) was a Czech composer, murdered during the Holocaust at Auschwitz. He helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp. LifeHans Krása was born in Prague to a Czech father who was a lawyer, and a German Jewish mother.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} He studied both the piano and violin as a child and went on to study composition at the German Music Academy in Prague. After graduating, he went on to become a répétiteur at the Neues Deutsches Theater, where he met the composer and conductor Alexander von Zemlinsky, who had a major influence on Krása's career. In 1927 he followed Zemlinsky to Berlin, where he was introduced to Albert Roussel. Krása, whose primary influences were Mahler, Schoenberg and Zemlinsky, also felt an affinity with French music, especially the group of composers known as Les Six and made a number of trips to France to study under Roussel while he lived in Berlin. Krása eventually returned, homesick, to Prague to resume his old job as a répétiteur at the Neues Deutsches Theater. His debut as a composer came with his Four Orchestral Songs Op. 1, based on the Galgenlieder (Gallows Songs) of Christian Morgenstern. The work was first performed under Zemlinsky's direction in Prague in May 1921 and was widely acclaimed. There followed a string quartet, a set of five songs for voice and piano and his Symphonie für kleines Orchester, which was performed in Zurich, Paris and Boston. His major achievement, however, was the opera Verlobung im Traum (Betrothal in a Dream) after the novel Uncle's Dream by Dostoyevsky. This work was first performed at the Neues Deutsches Theater in Prague in 1933 under Georg Szell and was awarded the Czechoslovak State Prize. {{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} Brundibár, a children's opera based on a play by Aristophanes, was the last work Krása completed before he was arrested by the Nazis on 10 August 1942. Krása was sent to the Theresienstadt ghetto where he reworked Brundibár for the available forces, which was then performed 55 times in the camp and also features in the infamous propaganda film made for the Red Cross in 1944. While he was interned in the ghetto, Krása was at his most productive, producing a number of chamber works although, due to the circumstances, some of these have not survived.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} DeathAlong with fellow composers Viktor Ullmann, Pavel Haas and Gideon Klein, Krása was taken to Auschwitz. He was murdered on 17 October 1944; he was not yet 45 years old. Works
RecordingsHis Three Songs after poems by Arthur Rimbaud, Čtyřverší, Vzrušení and Přátelé, sung by Christian Gerhaher, appear on the CD Terezín - Theresienstadt initiated by Anne Sofie von Otter, Deutsche Grammophon, 2007.[2] His String Quartet appears on Pavel Haas and Hans Krása: String Quartets, performed by the Hawthorne String Quartet as part of the Decca series, Entartete Musik, label: Decca 440 853-2.[3] As part of the same series his opera Verlobung im Traum (Betrothal in a Dream) and Symphonie appeared in recordings by the Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin conducted by Lothar Zagrosek and Vladimir Ashkenazy respectively, label: Decca 455 587-2.[4] References1. ^Universal Edition, Boosey & Hawkes, Bote & Bock (music publishers) 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cduniverse.com/search/xx/music/pid/7483636/a/Terezin+-+Theresienstadt.htm |title=Terezín - Theresienstadt |year=2010 | publisher = cduniverse.com | accessdate = 9 December 2010}} 3. ^Davis, Peter G. [https://books.google.com/books?id=yegCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA82&dq=%22Hawthorne+string+quartet%22&hl=en&ei=RUP-TJK3FobNhAeqvrndCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Hawthorne%20string%20quartet%22&f=false "Hear No Evil"]. New York Magazine (June 9, 1997) pp. 82-83. Retrieved 7 December 2010. 4. ^Bates, Peter "Krása - Verlobung im Traum, Symphonie". Classical Net Review Retrieved 1 March 2014. Further reading
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13 : 1899 births|1944 deaths|Musicians from Prague|Jewish classical composers|Jewish classical musicians|Czech classical composers|Czech male classical composers|Czech people who died in Auschwitz concentration camp|Czechoslovak civilians killed in World War II|Theresienstadt Ghetto prisoners|20th-century classical composers|Czech Jewish people who died in the Holocaust|20th-century male musicians |
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