| 词条 | Hans Peter Jørgen Julius Thomsen |
| 释义 |
Life and workThomsen was born in Copenhagen, and spent his life in that city. From 1847 to 1856 he taught chemistry at the Polytechnic, where from 1883 to 1892 he was the director. From 1856 to 1866 he was on the staff of the military high school. In 1866 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the university, and retained that chair until his retirement from active work in 1891. A friend and colleague of Ludwig A. Colding, who was one of the early advocates of the principle of conservation of energy, Thomsen did much to found the field of thermochemistry. In particular, between 1869 and 1882, he carried out a great number of determinations of the heat evolved or absorbed in chemical reactions, such as the formation of salts, oxidation and reduction, and the combustion of organic compounds. His collected results were published from 1882 to 1886 in four volumes under the title Thermochemische Untersuchungen, and also a resume in English under the title "Thermochemistry" in 1908. In 1857 he established in Copenhagen a process for manufacturing soda from cryolite, obtained from the west coast of Greenland. Thomsen was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1880, and a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1884.[2] He was awarded the Royal Society's Davy Medal in 1883. Katherine Alice Burke translated his book on systematic researches in thermochemistry into English. This translation appeared in print in 1905.[3]FamilyHis brother, Carl August Thomsen (1834–1894), was lecturer on technical chemistry at the Copenhagen Polytechnic, and a second brother, Thomas Gottfried Thomsen (1841–1901), was assistant in the chemical laboratory at the university until 1884, when he abandoned science for theology, subsequently becoming minister at Norup and Randers. References1. ^{{cite book|author=William H. Cropper|title=Great Physicists: The Life and Times of Leading Physicists from Galileo to Hawking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UqbxZpELwHYC&pg=PA128|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517324-6|pages=128–}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter T|url=http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterT.pdf|publisher=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|accessdate=11 September 2016}} 3. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FV-7CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99&dq=Katherine+Alice+Burke&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxk5yO6OjWAhWF2hoKHXzwCaMQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=Katherine%20Alice%20Burke&f=false|title=Chemistry was Their Life: Pioneer British Women Chemists, 1880–1949|last=Rayner-Canham|first=Marelene|last2=Rayner-Canham|first2=Geoff|date=2008-10-23|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=9781908978998|language=en}} See also
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9 : 1826 births|1909 deaths|Danish chemists|Danish scientists|Scientists from Copenhagen|Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences|Foreign Members of the Royal Society|Rectors of the University of Copenhagen |
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