| 词条 | Harderwijk | |||
| 释义 |
| name = Harderwijk | settlement_type = Municipality | image_skyline = Molen De Hoop, Harderwijk, Harderwijk haven.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Harbour of Harderwijk seen from windmill De Hoop | image_flag = Flag of Harderwijk.svg | flag_size = 100x67px | flag_alt = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Harderwijk.svg | shield_size = 100x80px | shield_alt = | image_map = Map - NL - Municipality code 0243 (2009).svg | map_alt = Highlighted position of Harderwijk in a municipal map of Gelderland | map_caption = Location in Gelderland | coordinates = {{coord|52|21|N|5|37|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Netherlands | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Gelderland | government_footnotes = [1] | governing_body = Municipal council | leader_party = CDA | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Harm-Jan van Schaik | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = {{Dutch municipality total area|Harderwijk}} | area_land_km2 = {{Dutch municipality land area|Harderwijk}} | area_water_km2 = {{Dutch municipality water area|Harderwijk}} | elevation_footnotes = [3] | elevation_m = 3 | elevation_max_footnotes = | population_demonym = Harderwijker | timezone = CET | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = CEST | utc_offset_DST = +2 | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 3840–3849 | area_code_type = Area code | area_code = 0341 | website = {{URL|1=http://www.harderwijk.nl}} | footnotes = }} Harderwijk ({{Pronunciation|Nl-Harderwijk.ogg}}) (Dutch Low Saxon: Harderwiek) is a municipality and city almost at the exact geographical centre of the Netherlands. It is served by the Harderwijk railway station. Its population centres are Harderwijk and Hierden. Harderwijk is on the western boundary of the Veluwe. The southeastern half of the municipality is largely forests. HistoryHarderwijk received city rights from Count Otto II of Guelders in 1231.[5] A defensive wall surrounding the city was completed by the end of that century. The oldest part of the city is near where the streets Hoogstraat and Grote Poortstraat now are. Around 1315 the city was expanded southwards, which included the construction of what is now called the Grote Kerk (Great Church). A second, northward expansion took place around 1425. Particularly along the west side of town, much of the wall still exists but often not in entirely original form. That also goes for the only remaining city gate, the Vischpoort (Fish Gate). Between 1648 and 1811, the University of Harderwijk operated in the city. The Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist, Carl Linnaeus graduated at this university. The university, together with the universities of Zutphen and Franeker, was abolished by Napoleon. Harderwijk was a member of the Hanseatic League. It lies on what used to be the Zuiderzee shore (Southern Sea, now the IJsselmeer) and consequently its economy was strongly based on fishing and seafaring in general. That dramatically changed after 1932, when the Zuiderzee was cut off from the North Sea for safety reasons. Few fishing boats thus now remain in the Harbour, which now is home mainly to yachts. An annual event illustrating the former importantance of the fishing industry to Harderwijk is Aaltjesdag, which translates to Eel day. Fish can still be bought at stands and restaurants on the boulevard throughout the year except for the winter months. Tourists are common customers, but local people no longer make their living from the fisheries. Today, Harderwijk is probably known best for the Dolfinarium Harderwijk, a marine mammal park where dolphin shows are held and various other marine mammals and fish are kept. Notable residents
GalleryReferencesFootnotes1. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.harderwijk.nl/organisatie/samenstelling_3283/ |title = Samenstelling |trans-title=Members |language = Dutch |author = |date = |work = |publisher = Gemeente Harderwijk |accessdate = 17 June 2014}} 2. ^ tags -->| area_footnotes = {{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}} 3. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool |title = Postcodetool for 3841AA |trans-title=|language = Dutch |author = |date = |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis |accessdate = 17 June 2014}} 4. ^ tags -->| elevation_max_m =| elevation_min_footnotes = | elevation_min_m =| population_footnotes = {{Dutch municipality population|dataref}} 5. ^Stenvert, R. et al. (2000). Monumenten in Nederland: Gelderland, p. 50 and 183–188. Zwolle: Waanders Uitgevers. {{ISBN|90-400-9406-3}} Bibliography
External links
| Centre = Harderwijk | North = Dronten (FL) Veluwemeer | East = Nunspeet | South = Ermelo | West = Zeewolde (FL) / Wolderwijd }}{{Hanseatic League}}{{Gelderland Province}}{{Authority control}} 3 : Harderwijk|Municipalities of Gelderland|Populated places in Gelderland |
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