| 词条 | AK-630 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = AK-630 | image = File:AK-630 30 mm naval CIWS gun.JPEG | caption = AK-630M | origin = Soviet Union, Russia | type = Close-in weapon system | is_ranged = YES | is_explosive = YES | is_artillery = YES | is_vehicle = YES | service = 1976–present[1][2] | used_by = See Operators | wars = | designer = Developer: TsKIB SOO (Mikhail Knebelman;[1][3] Vasily Bakalev (AK-630M1-2))[4] Cannon: KBP Instrument Design Bureau (Vasily Gryazev, Arkady Shipunov)[1] Fire control system: Zavod Topaz (V. P. Yegorov):[1][5] Vympel MR-123, Vympel-A MR-123/176 Ametist Design Bureau:[1] Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03, Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176 | design_date = 1963–1973 (AK-630)[1] 1983–1989 (1993) (AK-630M1-2)[6] | manufacturer = Tulamashzavod[1] | unit_cost = | production_date = 1972–present[5] | number = More than 1000[2] | variants = AK-630M, AK-630M1; AK-306 (non-CIWS); AK-630M1-2, AK-630M-2 Duet | spec_label = | weight = Gun mount: {{convert|1000|kg|abbr=on}} (AK-630)[1] {{convert|1800|kg|abbr=on}} (AK-630M)[1][7] {{convert|2500|kg|abbr=on}} (AK-630M-2)[1] External nodes: {{convert|800|kg|abbr=on}} (AK-630)[1] 2000 rounds in belt: {{convert|1918|kg|abbr=on}}[1] Fire control system: ? (Vympel MR-123) ? (Vympel-A MR-123/176) {{convert|5.2|tonne|short ton}} (Vympel-AM MR-123-02/MR-123-03 and Vympel-AME MR-123-02/176)[1] {{convert|1|tonne|lb}} (Laska 5P-10E)[1] | length = | part_length = {{convert|1629|mm|abbr=on|0}} (total)[1] {{convert|1460|mm|abbr=on}} (rifled)[1] | width = {{convert|1240|mm|abbr=on}} (mount ring)[1] | height = {{convert|1070|mm|abbr=on}} (above deck)[1] {{convert|2050|mm|abbr=on}} (below deck)[1] | diameter = | crew = 1 | cartridge = HEI-Frag, Frag-T[1] | cartridge_weight = {{convert|0.39|kg|abbr=on}}[1] | caliber = 30×165mm AO-18[8] | barrels = 6 (AK-630M) 6 (× 2) (AK-630M1-2) | action = Gas-operated rotary cannon | rate = 4,000–5,000 rounds/min (AK-630M)[7] 10,000 rounds/min (AK-630M1-2)[6] | velocity = {{convert|880|–|900|m/s|abbr=on}}[1] | range = {{convert|4000|m|abbr=on}} (aerial)[1] {{convert|5000|m|abbr=on}} (maritime)[1] {{convert|5000|m|abbr=on}} (all, AK-630M-2)[9] | max_range = the projectiles self-destruct past {{convert|5000|m|abbr=on}} range[1] | feed = Belt: 2,000 rounds (additional 1,000 rounds in reserve feed bin, AK-630M)[10] 4,000 rounds (AK-630M1-2)[1] | sights = Radar / TV-optical | breech = | recoil = | carriage = | elevation = +88° ... -12° (50°/sec)[1] +90° ... -25° (60°/sec) AK-630M-2[11] | traverse = ±180° (70°/sec)[1] ±180° (80°/sec) AK-630M-2[11] | filling = | filling_weight = | detonation = | yield = | primary_armament = 1 or 2 AO-18 autocannons | secondary_armament = 4 9A4172 missiles (Vikhr-K upgrade)[12] | engine = | engine_power = | pw_ratio = | transmission = | payload_capacity = | suspension = | clearance = | fuel_capacity = | vehicle_range = | speed = | guidance = | steering = }} The AK-630 is a Soviet and Russian fully automatic naval close-in weapon system based on a six-barreled 30 mm rotary cannon. In "630", "6" means 6 barrels and "30" means 30 mm. It is mounted in an enclosed automatic turret and directed by MR-123 radar and television detection and tracking. The system's primary purpose is defense against anti-ship missiles and other precision guided weapons. However it can also be employed against fixed or rotary wing aircraft, ships and other small craft, coastal targets, and floating mines. Once operational, this weapon system was rapidly adopted, with up to 8 units installed in every new Soviet warship (from mine-hunters to aircraft carriers), and hundreds produced in total. DescriptionThe complete weapon system is called A-213-Vympel-A, which comprises the AK-630M Gun Mount, MR-123-02 Fire Control Radar System, and SP-521 Electrical-Optical Tracker. A single MR-123 radar system can simultaneously control two guns, either two 30 mm gun mounts, or two 57 mm gun mounts, or one 30 mm gun and one 57 mm gun. The radar system can engage aerial and surface targets at 4 km and 5 km respectively. The electro-optical system can detect a MiG-21–sized aerial target 7 km away, while torpedo boat–sized surface targets can be detected at a range of up to 70 km. Features include surveillance and tracking modes, high jamming immunity, laser range finder and TV optical sight. It is in operation on almost all Russian Navy ships from fast attack boats to the Kirov battlecruiser. The gun mount is fully automated, and can also be remotely controlled by an operator from either the control console or via a remotely mounted gunsight. It has a higher firing rate than both the Goalkeeper and Phalanx (Block 1 and older) CIWS models. They are often mounted in pairs, with as many as four pairs mounted on the larger ships, providing an effective point defence (last) layer. However, like all gun-based CIWS, they suffer from short engagement times and the need for multiple volleys to effectively eradicate a threat. DevelopmentThe AK-630 CIWS is composed of several members and sometimes the Kashtan CIWS's sub-systems and its derivatives are also included. AK-630The design of the AK-630 CIWS was initiated in 1963, with the first operational prototype completed in 1964. Trials of the complete system, including radar and controls went on until 1976 when the system was accepted for service. AK-630MDuring the deployment of the system, numerous problems that did not appear in trials were exposed in its application, and some modification of the original AK-630 was made to correct these problems, and in 1979, the new system was named as AK-630M and was accepted into service. AK-306A derivative of AK-630M was developed for light craft and this system was named as AK-306. Externally, the air-cooled AK-306 can be distinguished from the AK-630 by the absence of the water cooling system (a cylindrical jacket that surrounds the barrel cluster of the AK-630). Internally, the AK-306 (A-219) used electricity to power the automatics, instead of using the exhaust. This version also lacked radar control, being only optically guided, hence making it less of an anti-missile weapon and more of a surface-to-surface weapon, and the designation of the overall system is consequently changed from A-213-Vympel-A to A-219. The design started in 1974 and the system was accepted into service in 1980. When production was completed in 1986, 125 systems were in service. AK-630M1-2In 1983, a decision was made to update the design and modify the AK-630 system to include a second gun mounted above the first, which provides 10,000 rpm in total. The AK-630M1-2 "Roy" was roughly the same size and weight allowing installation in existing AK-630 mounts. Though the system proved to be successful, the AK-630M1-2 Roy was not accepted for production due to the maturity of a combined missile and gun system, then designated the 3M87 Kortik, but later called Kashtan. The single example of AK-630M1-2 Roy remains installed on the Project 206.6 class missile boat # P-44. In July 2007 at IMDS-2007, a modernized version of the AK-630M1-2 was showcased by OAO AK Tulamashzavod under the new name "Duet". Visually "Duet" differs from "Roy" in having a new mount with a stealthy low RCS design compared with the more traditional rounded AK-630 mounts. In 2012 it was announced that the new Ivan Gren-class landing ship would be armed with the modified AK-630M-2 system.[13] It is also used by the Buyan-M-class missile corvette.[14] H/PJ-13H/PJ-13 is the Chinese upgraded version of AK-630M. The most obvious visual difference between AK-630 and its Chinese cousin H/PJ-13 is that the latter has a stealth turret.[15] Instead of MP-123-02 fire control radar originally used on AK-630M, a modified version of Type 347 radar is used.[15] The original electro-optical system of AK-630M is also replaced by domestic Chinese system ZGJ-1B,[15] and the fire control system is replaced by domestic Chinese ZFJ-1A fire control system.[15] To improve its anti-missile capability, Chinese have also developed APDS round for H/PJ-13 to supplement/replace the original high explosive round of AK-630M.[15]Comparison with current CIWS
Operators{{Refimprove section|date=August 2012}}Current operators
Former operators
See also
References
1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 {{cite web |title=30 mm AK-630 System |language=Russian |date=19 January 2009 – 4 July 2010 |work=MilitaryRussia.ru |url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-69.html |accessdate=22 March 2013}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|script-title=ru:АК-630, корабельная автоматическая 30-мм артиллерийская шестиствольная установка |language=Russian |work=Arms-Expo.ru |publisher=Информационное агентство «Оружие России» |url=http://www.arms-expo.ru/050053048049124050053056057.html |accessdate=31 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231142441/http://www.arms-expo.ru/050053048049124050053056057.html |archivedate=December 31, 2012 }} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Mikhail Samoilovich Knebelman (1910–1999) |language=Russian |date=2010 |publisher=KBP Instrument Design Bureau |url=http://kbptula.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66%3A2011-12-05-10-06-09&catid=16%3A2011-12-05-09-53-25&Itemid=389&lang=ru |accessdate=22 March 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web |last=Shirokorad |first=Aleksandr |script-title=ru:От артустановки АК-230 до серий АК-630 и АК-630М |language=Russian |date=30 December 2011 |work=Nezavisimoye Voyennoye Obozreniye |url=http://nvo.ng.ru/armament/2011-12-30/8_complex.html |accessdate=23 March 2013}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |title=30 mm Six-barrel Automatic Systems AK-630 and AK-630M |language=Russian |work=История современной зенитной ПВО России |url=http://www.sinopa.ee/pvo/pvo007/pvo07.htm |accessdate=22 March 2013}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=30 mm AK-630M1-2 / AK-630M-2 System |language=Russian |date=13 March 2009 – 13 July 2011 |work=MilitaryRussia.ru |url=http://militaryrussia.ru/blog/topic-165.html |accessdate=23 March 2013}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|title=30-mm AUTOMATIC GUN MOUNT AK-630М |url=http://www.tulamash.ru/en/prod_ak630m.htm |publisher=Tulamashzavod |accessdate=23 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824231752/http://www.tulamash.ru/en/prod_ak630m.htm |archivedate=24 August 2012 |df= }} 8. ^Not compatible with the army 30×165mm ammunition – different primers, powder sorts and loads, and fuzes are used. 9. ^{{cite episode |title=10000 выстрелов в минуту |language=Russian |series=Voyennaya Taina |network=REN TV |date=16 April 2011 |minutes=3:20 [35:30] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8CL-RGPKgu4}} 10. ^CIWS: The Last Ditch Defense 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrp5V84Xu_k|title=AK-630M-2 Duet CIWS|work=YouTube|accessdate=26 November 2014}} 12. ^{{cite web|script-title=ru:"Вихрь-К", корабельный высокоточный зенитный ракетно-артиллерийский комплекс |language=Russian |work=Arms-Expo.ru |publisher=Информационное агентство «Оружие России» |url=http://www.arms-expo.ru/049055052048124050054057054.html |accessdate=30 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425194746/http://www.arms-expo.ru/049055052048124050054057054.html |archivedate=25 April 2012 |df= }} 13. ^{{cite web |last=Glukhov |first=Dmitry |script-title=ru:Технический облик десантного корабля "Иван Грен" не определен |language=Russian |date=15 March 2012 |work=ФлотПром |publisher=Центральный Военно-Морской Портал |url=http://flotprom.ru/publications/actual/prenatalscars/ |accessdate=23 March 2013}} 14. ^[https://navyrecognition.com/index.php/news/defence-news/2017/september-2017-navy-naval-forces-defense-industry-technology-maritime-security-global-news/5555-russian-navy-latest-buyan-m-corvette-vyshny-volochek-started-sea-trials.html Russian Navy Latest Buyan-M Corvette Vyshny Volochek Started Sea Trials] - Navyrecognition.com, 7 September 2017 15. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web| url=http://www.rimnds.com/art/show.htm?id=650 | title=H/PJ-13 | accessdate=September 5, 2017 }} 16. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title=AK-630 Gatling Gun Close in Weapon System |work=Indian-Military.org |date=12 March 2010 |url=http://www.indian-military.org/navy/ordnance/close-in-weapon-system/267-ak-630-gatling-gun-close-in-weapon-system.html |accessdate= |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315113834/http://www.indian-military.org/navy/ordnance/close-in-weapon-system/267-ak-630-gatling-gun-close-in-weapon-system.html |archivedate=15 March 2010 |deadurl=yes}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=2100&tid=800&ct=2|title=The US Navy -- Fact File:|author=Dan Petty|publisher=U.S. Navy|accessdate=26 November 2014}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNIT_4cm-70_Breda.htm|title=Italy 40 mm/70 (1.57") Breda|publisher=navweaps.com|accessdate=26 November 2014}}
External links{{Commons category|AK-630 CIWS}}
13 : 30 mm artillery|Rotary cannon|Russian inventions|Naval guns of Russia|Close-in weapon systems|Naval anti-aircraft guns|Multiple barrel firearms|Multi-barrel machine guns|Anti-aircraft weapons of Russia|Cold War weapons of the Soviet Union|Anti-aircraft guns of the Soviet Union|KBP Instrument Design Bureau products|Tulamashzavod products |
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