| 词条 | Bombo criollo |
| 释义 |
The bombo criollo, or simply bombo, is a family of Latin American drums derived from the European bass drum (also called in Spanish bombo) and native Latin American drum traditions.[1] These drums are of smaller dimensions than the orchestral bass drum, and their frame can be made of wood or steel. They can be held vertically or diagonally on the body or a stand. The specific make of the instrument depends on the regional tradition. In Argentina, the bombo criollo is called bombo legüero. In Cuba, it is known as bombo de comparsa due to its use in comparsas. In other countries, the term tambora is commonly used. The bombo should not be confused with the Puerto Rican bomba, a genre of music played with hand drums called barriles de bomba (bomba barrels), which are unrelated to the European bass drums. Argentina{{Main|Bombo legüero}}The bombo legüero is a common instrument in Argentine folk traditions such as zamba and chacarera. The body of the drum is made out of a hollowed tree trunk, and the head is made of animal skins. Cuba{{See also|Conga (music)|Tumba francesa|Tahona}}The bombo de comparsa is the lowest drum used in conga santiaguera, the music of the street carnivals from Santiago de Cuba.[2] They are tuneable, two-headed military drums introduced in the island by the Spanish settlers.[3] In tumba francesa and tahona, two styles imported into Oriente by Afro-Haitian slaves after the Haitian Revolution, the bass drum (slightly smaller than the bombo) is called tambora, tamborita or tambuché.[4][5] TamborasIn some Latin American countries the term tambora is used to refer to bombos criollos. Nonetheless, tamboras are generally wider than other bombos criollos, possibly being an adaptation of both European bass drums (bombos) and side drums (redoblantes).[6] Colombia and Panama{{See also|Cumbia}}In Colombia and Panama, tamboras are used to play cumbia. Traditionally, this kind of tambora is played with sticks and fixed on a stand. Dominican Republic{{Main|Tambora (Dominican drum)}}In the Dominican Republic, tamboras are two-headed drums used in merengue music.[7] They were traditionally made from salvaged rum barrels. Mexico{{See also|Banda (music)}}Mexican tamboras have a diameter of 20 to 26 inches. There are two types of tambora in Mexican music: a traditional, with no cymbals, used in the folk ensembles tamborileros del norte, violín y tambora and jaraberos, and the one used en Mexican brass bands, as in banda sinaloense and tamborazo zacatecano, which has a cymbal over the frame and a stand for the drum. A felt mallet is used to beat the drum. Venezuela{{Main|Tambora (Venezuelan drum)}}{{See also|Gaita zuliana}}The Venezuelan tambora is played in gaita zuliana. It is a one-headed drum played with sticks. The player can sit on it or put it between his or her legs to perform rhythms on the instrument, strucking the head, the rim or the body of the drum. References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Moroy|first1=Alberto|title=El origen del bombo legüero|url=http://viajes.elpais.com.uy/2017/08/08/el-origen-del-bombo-leguero/|accessdate=17 September 2017}} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Ortiz, Fernando|authorlink1=Fernando Ortiz Fernández|title=Los instrumentos de la música afrocubana: Los membranófonos abiertos Ñ a Z, los bimembranófonos y otros tambores especiales|date=1954|publisher=Dirección de cultura del Ministerio de Educación|location=Havana, Cuba|page=348}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Mauleón, Rebeca|authorlink1=Rebeca Mauleón|title=Salsa Guidebook for Piano and Ensemble|date=1993|publisher=Sher Music Co|location=Petaluma, CA|page=32|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mjHxzTYwYL0C}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Ramos Venereo|first1=Zobeyda|editor1-last=Kuss|editor1-first=Malena|title=Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Encyclopedic History, Vol. 2|date=2007|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|pages=265-280|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uspTNzJ_NoYC|chapter=Haitian Traditions in Cuba}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Mirabeu|first1=Daniel|title=Tradiciones danzario musicales de raices haitianas en el oriente cubano|url=http://www.ritmacuba.com/haitianocubain02_danmir.pdf|accessdate=June 1, 2015|website=Ritmacuba|language=Spanish}} 6. ^{{cite book|last1=Brandt|first1=Max H.|title=The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 1|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|location=New York, NY|page=201|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ajMsBgAAQBAJ|chapter=Venezuela}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Deive|first1=Carlos Esteban|title=Diccionario de dominicanismos|date=2002|publisher=Manatí|location=Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic|page=194|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tLTyydkMtrIC}} External links{{portal|Percussion}}
6 : Drums|Directly struck membranophones|Latin percussion|Central American and Caribbean percussion instruments|North American percussion instruments|South American percussion instruments |
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