| 词条 | Hawera |
| 释义 |
| name = Hawera | established_title1 = Established | established_date1 = 1866 | image_skyline = Hawera from the Water Tower.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Hawera from the Water Tower | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Ross Dunlop |population_total = {{NZ population data||y}} |population_as_of = {{NZ population data|||y}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = New Zealand |subdivision_type1= Region |subdivision_name1= Taranaki |subdivision_type2= District |subdivision_name2= South Taranaki District |pushpin_map = Taranaki |pushpin_label_position = left |coordinates = {{coord|39|35|36|S|174|16|42|E|region:NZ|display=inline}} | postal_code_type = Postcode | postal_code = 4610 }} Hawera ({{lang-mi|Hāwera}}) is the second-largest town in the Taranaki region of New Zealand's North Island, with a population of {{NZ population data||y}}.{{NZ population data||||y}} It is near the coast of the South Taranaki Bight. The origins of the town lie in a government military base that was established in 1866, and the town of Hawera grew up around a blockhouse in the early 1870s. Hawera is 75 kilometres south of New Plymouth on State Highway 3 and 30 minutes' drive from Mount Taranaki. It is located on State Highway 45, known as Surf Highway 45 for its numerous surf beaches. State Highway 45 passes through Manaia, Opunake and Oakura en route to New Plymouth. Kaponga is a 20-minute drive to the north-west. The Marton–New Plymouth Line railway passes through Hawera and has served the town since 1 August 1881, though it has been freight-only since the cancellation of the last railcar passenger service between Wellington and New Plymouth on 30 July 1977. HistoryPre-European historyThe Māori-language name Hāwera means "burnt place"; it arose as a result of fighting between two local sub-tribes, which culminated in the setting ablaze of the sleeping whare (house) of the tribe under attack.[1] European settlementThe town's name meaning "burnt place" became apt when the town suffered extensive blazes in 1884, 1888, and 1912.[2] For this reason a large water tower was built in the centre of town to increase water pressure; and this became one of Taranaki's best-known landmarks (appearing, for example, on the cover of the 1974 telephone directory). After falling into disrepair the tower was closed to the public in 2001, but after an extensive restoration program it opened again in 2004.[3] MaraeThere are four marae in the Hawera area:
EconomyThe Whareroa dairy factory, 4 km south-southwest of the township, is the largest dairy complex in the world in terms of output.[4] The complex is owned by Fonterra, having been built by the former Kiwi Co-operative Dairies, whose original plant opened on that site in 1975. During peak season, the complex employs 1,000 people and processes up to 14 million litres of milk per day. Electricity and heat used at Whareroa is generated by an on-site gas-fired power plant, with excess electricity fed into the national grid.[5] Hawera is home to Tawhiti Museum,[6] well known for its hand-crafted life-sized wax sculptures depicting scenes of local heritage and history, and its scale models of local Maori pa.[7] EducationHawera Primary School was established in 1875. It developed into a District High School in 1901. The current high school opened as Hawera Technical High School in 1919, and moved to its present site in 1921.[8] The intermediate school opened in 1961.[9] The Western Institute of Technology at Taranaki has a campus in Hawera,[10] established in 1990.[11] Hawera High School is a secondary (years 9-13) school with a roll of approximately {{NZ school roll data|182|y}}. Hawera Intermediate is an intermediate (years 7-8) school with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|2170|y}}.{{NZ school roll data||||y}} Hawera Primary School, Ramanui School, Tawhiti School and Turuturu School are contributing primary (years 1-6) schools with rolls of {{NZ school roll data|2171|y}}, {{NZ school roll data|2226|y}}, {{NZ school roll data|2248|y}} and {{NZ school roll data|2255|y}} respectively.{{NZ school roll data||||y}} Hawera Primary celebrated its 125th jubilee in 2000.[12] Ramanui school celebrated its 50th jubilee in 2003.[13]Hawera Christian School and St Joseph's School are state integrated full primary (years 1-8) schools with rolls of {{NZ school roll data|1184|y}} and {{NZ school roll data|2235|y}} respectively. Te Kura Kaupapa Maori o Ngati Ruanui is a full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of {{NZ school roll data|2383|y}}. It is a Kura Kaupapa Māori school which teaches in the Māori language. All these schools are coeducational. Notable people
References1. ^Because of differing oral traditions, translations such as "breath of fire" and "burning plains" have also been offered. See {{citation |title = HAWERA |work=An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |editor=A.H. McLintock |origyear=1966 |via=Te Ara - The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand |url = https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/hawera |accessdate = 2008-01-01}} 2. ^For a near-contemporary account of the damage these fires caused, see {{citation |author = D. Nimmo Scott |title = Views of Hawera: before and after the fire |place = Hawera, [N.Z.] |publisher = D. Nimmo Scott |year = c. 1895 }}; a more recent one is {{citation |author1 = Arthur Fryer |author2 = Nigel Ogle (ill.) |title = Hawera's on fire |place = Hawera, [N.Z.] |publisher = Hawera Historical Society |year = 2003 }}. For details of Hawera's Fire Brigade, see {{citation |author = Trevor N. Moore |title = Hawera Fire Brigade, 1882-1982: a centennial history |place = Hawera, [N.Z.] |publisher = The Brigade |year = 1982 }} 3. ^{{citation |author=Craig Stevenson |author2=Hugo Jackson |title=Hawera Water Tower Restoration |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014110346/http://www.contech.co.nz/uploaded/Hawera%20Water%20Tower%20Restoration%20June%202004.pdf |publisher=Contech |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014110346/http://www.contech.co.nz/uploaded/Hawera%20Water%20Tower%20Restoration%20June%202004.pdf |archivedate=14 October 2008}} 4. ^"Largest dairy factory in the world", Te Ara 5. ^The Whareroa Co-generation plant{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, www.toddenergy.co.nz 6. ^For an account of the Museum by the man who built it, see {{citation |author = Nigel Ogle |title = Nigel Ogle's Tawhiti Museum |place = Hawera, [N.Z.] |publisher = The Museum |year = 199–? }} 7. ^Perhaps Hawera's most famous example of a nineteenth-century Maori pa is the Turuturu-Mokai complex, on Turuturu Road. See {{citation |author = John Houston |title = Turuturu-Mokai: historic reserve near Hawera: an historical survey |place = Hawera, [N.Z.] |publisher = Hawera Star Print |year = 1958 }}. For information upon a modern pa, see {{citation |author = Gloria Kerehoma |title = Commemorative centennial [i.e. centennial] booklet, 1884-1984 |place = Hawera, [N.Z.] |publisher = Centennial Committee; Shore Print |year = 1984 }} on Aotearoa Pa. 8. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.hawerahs.school.nz/pages/school_history.htm |title=The Beginnings of Hawera High School |first=Arthur |last=Fryer |publisher=Hawera High School Jubilee Magazine |year=1994 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014084209/http://www.hawerahs.school.nz/pages/school_history.htm |archivedate=14 October 2008 |df=dmy }} 9. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.hi.school.nz/info.html|title=School Info|publisher=Hawera Intermediate|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014014452/http://www.hi.school.nz/info.html|archivedate=14 October 2008|df=dmy-all}} 10. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.witt.ac.nz/Content/sub/100007551.aspx|title=Campus Maps|publisher=Western Institute of Technology}} 11. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.witt.ac.nz/Content/sub/100012417.aspx|title=WITT History|publisher=Western Institute of Technology}} 12. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.edgazette.govt.nz/notices.php/notices.php?action=view&id=53764 |title=Jubilees & reunions - Hawera Primary School |journal=Education Gazette New Zealand |volume=78 |issue=10 |date=14 June 1999 |format= }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} 13. ^{{Citation|url=http://www.edgazette.govt.nz/notices.php/notices.php?action=view&id=601466 |title=Ramanui Primary School 50th Jubilee |journal=Education Gazette New Zealand |volume=82 |issue=5 |date=24 March 2003 |format= }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} External links{{Wikivoyage}}{{commons category|Hawera}}
3 : South Taranaki District|Populated places in Taranaki|Hawera |
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