| 词条 | Betterton–Kroll process |
| 释义 |
The Betterton–Kroll process is an industrial process for removing bismuth from lead. The process was developed by William Justin Kroll and patented in 1922.[1][2][3][4][5] Further improvements were developed by Jesse Oatman Betterton in the 1930s.[6][7] Calcium and magnesium are added to a molten lead-bismuth bath. The resulting bismuth compounds have higher melting points and lower densities than the lead, and can be removed as dross. The compounds are treated with chlorine to free up the bismuth. Temperature used in the process is about 380–500 °C(572–932 °F) . The other major processes for separating the two metals are by fractional crystallization and by the Betts electrolytic process.[8][9]See also
References1. ^{{ cite patent | country = de | number = 410533|title = Verfahren zum Ausscheiden einzelner Metalle aus Metallgemischen | pubdate= 1925-03-09 | inventor = William Kroll}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Betterton-Kroll Process}}{{industry-stub}}2. ^{{ cite patent | country = de | number = 615566 |title =Verfahren zum Entwismutieren von Blei | pubdate= 1935-07-08 | inventor = M. Lissauer & Cie in Köln a. Rh.}} 3. ^{{ cite patent | country = de | number = 622135Verfahren zum Entwismutieren von Blei mit Erdalkalimetallen| pubdate= 1935-11-21 | inventor = M. Lissauer & Cie in Köln a. Rh.}} 4. ^{{ cite patent | country = us | number = 1428041| title = Process for the separation and recovery of metals from metal alloys | pubdate= 1925-03-09 | inventor = William Kroll}} 5. ^{{cite journal |doi =10.1016/0016-0032(55)90727-4 |title =How commercial titanium and zirconium were born |year =1955 |last1 =Kroll |first1 =W.J. |journal =Journal of the Franklin Institute |volume =260 |issue =3 |pages =169}} 6. ^{{ cite patent | country = us | number =2205387|title =Recovery of bismuth | pubdate= 1940-06-25 | inventor = Betterton, Jesse O.; Lebedeff Yuril E.}} 7. ^{{ cite patent | country = us | number =2101975|title =Refining lead | pubdate= 1937-12-14 | inventor = Betterton, Jesse O.; Lebedeff Yuril E.}} 8. ^Samans, Carl H. Engineering Metals and their Alloys, 1949 MacMillan 9. ^{{cite journal |doi = 10.1007/BF03222821 |title = Bismuth—Production, properties, and applications |year = 1992 |last1 = Ojebuoboh |first1 = Funsho K. |journal = JOM |volume = 44 |issue = 4 |pages = 46–49|bibcode = 1992JOM....44d..46O }} 3 : Industrial processes|Bismuth|Lead |
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