| 词条 | Hawthorne Bridge | |||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Hawthorne Bridge |image=Hawthorne Bridge (Portland, Oregon) from southwest, 2012.jpg |carries=Vehicles, pedestrians, cyclists |crosses=Willamette River |locale=Portland, Oregon |maint=Multnomah County |design=Parker truss[1] with a vertical-lift span |material=Steel |mainspan={{convert|244|ft|m}} |number_spans = 6 (excluding concrete girder approach spans) |piers_in_water = 6 |length={{convert|1382|ft|m}} |width={{convert|73|ft|m}} |below={{convert|49|ft|m}} closed, {{convert|159|ft|m}} open |open={{Start date|1910|12|19}} |traffic=30,000[1]{{Infobox NRHP | embed = yes | name =Hawthorne Bridge | nrhp_type = | designated_other1_name = Portland Historic Landmark[1] | designated_other1_color = lightgreen | location= Portland, Oregon; Willamette River at river mile 13.1 | coordinates = {{coord|45.513204|-122.670937|region:US-OR_type:landmark|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = | map_caption = Location of the Hawthorne Bridge in Portland | map_alt = Locator map | area = | built =1910 | architect= Waddell & Harrington | architecture= | added = November 14, 2012[4] | governing_body = Multnomah County | mpsub=Willamette River Highway Bridges of Portland, Oregon | refnum=12000932 }} }} The Hawthorne Bridge is a truss bridge with a vertical lift that spans the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, joining Hawthorne Boulevard and Madison Street. It is the oldest vertical-lift bridge in operation in the United States[2] and the oldest highway bridge in Portland. It is also the busiest bicycle and transit bridge in Oregon, with over 8,000 cyclists[3] and 800 TriMet buses (carrying about 17,400 riders) daily.[2] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2012.[4][5] StatisticsThe bridge consists of five fixed spans and one {{convert|244|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}} vertical-lift span. It is {{convert|1382|ft|m}} in total length.[2] The bridge was originally {{convert|63|ft|m}} wide,[6] including two five-foot sidewalks, but the sidewalks were widened to 10 feet in 1998, increasing the structure's overall width to {{convert|73|ft|m}}.[2] The {{convert|880000|lb|kg|adj=on}} counterweights are suspended from the two {{convert|165|ft|m|adj=mid|-tall}} towers.[2] On average, the lift span is raised for river traffic 120 times per month.[2]{{rp|62}} While the river is at low level, the bridge is {{convert|49|ft|m}} above the water, causing it to be raised an average of 200 times per month. As of 2001, the average daily traffic was 30,500 vehicles. The bridge was designed by Waddell & Harrington, which also designed the Steel and Interstate bridges.[2] John Alexander Low Waddell invented the modern-day vertical-lift bridge.[2] HistoryThe current bridge was built to replace the second Madison Street Bridge, a wooden bridge built in 1900. It cost $511,000 to build[7] and was opened on December 19, 1910.[2][8] Hawthorne Boulevard (and thus the bridge) was named after Dr. J.C. Hawthorne, the cofounder of Oregon's first mental hospital and early proponent for the first Morrison Bridge.[2] The streetcar tracks across the bridge were originally in the outer lanes,[9] but were relocated to the center lanes in 1931.[10] The deck was changed from wood to steel grating in 1945.[2] In 1985 the lift span sheaves, the grooved wheels that guide the counterweight cables, were replaced. The bridge went through a $21 million renovation from 1998–99, which included replacing the steel grated deck and repainting.[2][11] The original lead-based paint was completely removed and replaced with 3 layers of new paint that is estimated to last 30 years.[12] During this upgrade the sidewalks were widened to {{convert|10|ft|m}}, making it a thoroughfare for bicycle commuters. Due to the replacement of the steel deck during this project, the channels which used to carry the rails for streetcars and interurban trains were also removed. The bridge was closed for one year to permit the renovation to be carried out.[2] The original color of the bridge was black, lasting until 1964, when it was repainted yellow ochre.[13] During the 1998–99 renovation, the color was changed to green with red trim.[2] In 2001, the sidewalks were connected to the Eastbank Esplanade. In 2005, the estimated cost to replace the bridge was $189.3 million.[14] The 2003 film, The Hunted, included a scene set on MAX on the Hawthorne Bridge. Since MAX does not cross the bridge, the movie company connected two articulated buses remodeled to resemble a MAX train, complete with fake overhead lines and a sprinkler system to simulate rain.[15][16] Light-rail (interurban) service did cross the Hawthorne Bridge until 1956.[17] The new deck put in place in the outer lanes during the 1998–99 renovation was designed to be strong enough for possible use by modern, heavier streetcars or light rail trains in the future,[18][19] which was proposed at that time,[18] and TriMet was still considering a Hawthorne Bridge routing for its future MAX Orange Line, to Milwaukie, in 2002.[20] However, following the transit agency's later decision to build the Tilikum Crossing for the Milwaukie MAX line, which bridge could also be used by the Portland Streetcar,[21] it became unlikely that rail cars will ever again cross the Hawthorne Bridge. In August 2012, an automated bicycle counter was installed on the bridge, the first such counter to be installed in a U.S. city. It was purchased by the non-profit group Cycle Oregon and donated to the city.[22] The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places[23] in November 2012.[5] Pop culture references
GallerySee also
References1. ^{{citation|author=Portland Historic Landmarks Commission|title=Historic Landmarks -- Portland, Oregon|format=XLS|date=July 2014|url=http://www.portlandonline.com/planning/index.cfm?c=44013&a=146276|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 {{cite book | last= Wood Wortman | first= Sharon |author2=Wortman, Ed | title = The Portland Bridge Book | edition = 3rd | publisher = Urban Adventure Press | year = 2006 | pages = 61–68 | isbn= 0-9787365-1-6 }} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/386265 | publisher = Portland Bureau of Transportation | title=2011 Bicycle Counts Report | format=PDF | page=4 | accessdate=April 24, 2013}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20121123.htm |title=Weekly list of actions taken on properties: 11/13/12 through 11/16/12 |date=November 23, 2012 |publisher=National Park Service |accessdate=April 24, 2013}} 5. ^1 {{cite news|last=Tims|first=Dana|title=Four Multnomah County bridges listed on National Register of Historic Places |newspaper=The Oregonian|date=November 20, 2012 |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2012/11/four_multnomah_county_bridges.html |accessdate=December 9, 2014}} 6. ^{{cite book | last= Wood | first= Sharon | title = The Portland Bridge Book | edition = 1st | publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press | year = 1989 | pages = 37–42 | isbn= 0-87595-211-9 }} 7. ^{{cite book | first = Dwight A. | last= Smith|author2=Norman, James B. |author3=Dykman, Pieter T. | title = Historic Highway Bridges of Oregon | publisher = Oregon Historical Society Press | year = 1989 | pages = 115 | isbn = 0-87595-205-4 }} 8. ^{{cite news|title=Bridge Declared Open for Traffic|newspaper=The Morning Oregonian|date=December 20, 1910|page=16|url=http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu/lccn/sn83025138/1910-12-20/ed-1/seq-16/|accessdate=July 31, 2017}} 9. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=laTfY36RfY0C&lpg=PA32&dq=%22Hawthorne%20Bridge%22%20streetcar&pg=PA32#v=onepage|first=Ray|last=Bottenberg|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|date=2007|page=12|accessdate=August 21, 2016|title=Bridges of Portland|isbn=978-0-7385-4876-0}} 10. ^"Bridge Open Tomorrow; Repairs of Hawthorne Span Now About Completed". The Oregonian, May 19, 1931, p. 6. 11. ^{{cite web | publisher = David Evans and Associates, Inc. | title = Hawthorne Bridge Rehabilitation | url = http://www.deainc.com/project.aspx?category=4&service=8&project=35 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081021001439/http://www.deainc.com/project.aspx?category=4&service=8&project=35 | dead-url = yes | archive-date = 2008-10-21 | accessdate = 2009-02-09 }} 12. ^{{cite web | title = Hawthorne Bridge Painting | publisher = Multnomah County | url = http://www2.co.multnomah.or.us/jsp/Public/EntryPoint?ct=2f3856048e817010VgnVCM9174020ac614acRCRD | archive-url = https://archive.is/20110717085741/http://www2.co.multnomah.or.us/jsp/Public/EntryPoint?ct=2f3856048e817010VgnVCM9174020ac614acRCRD | dead-url = yes | archive-date = 2011-07-17 | accessdate = 2006-11-09 }} 13. ^"Portland Voices: Bridge aficionado has answers about Hawthorne colors" (interview with author Sharon Wood). (April 3, 1997). The Oregonian, p. MP-2. 14. ^{{cite web | title = Hawthorne Bridge Future Needs | date=December 2, 2005 | publisher= Multnomah County| url= http://www2.co.multnomah.or.us/jsp/Public/EntryPoint?ct=984856048e817010VgnVCM1581030ac614acRCRD | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060316231702/http://www2.co.multnomah.or.us/jsp/Public/EntryPoint?ct=984856048e817010VgnVCM1581030ac614acRCRD | archivedate=March 16, 2006| accessdate = December 9, 2014}} 15. ^{{cite news| url = http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=2097| title = Lights, camera, traffic jam: Filming and construction mean more delays| author = Don Hamilton| newspaper = Portland Tribune| date = March 9, 2001| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608124231/http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story_2nd.php?story_id=2097 |archivedate=June 8, 2011|accessdate = July 5, 2014}} 16. ^{{cite news| url = http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=9196| title = Shhh! Explosions foil quiet attempt by ‘The Hunted’ to tiptoe back into town| author = Jennifer Anderson| newspaper = Portland Tribune| date = January 18, 2002| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608025243/http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story.php?story_id=9196| archivedate=June 8, 2011| accessdate = July 5, 2014}} 17. ^"Work on [Morrison] Bridge Ramps to Bring Street Closure". The Oregonian, September 13, 1956, p. 1. 18. ^1 Stewart, Bill (July 31, 1997). "Streetcars will return to Portland/City will strengthen, repaint Hawthorne Bridge". The Oregonian, p. D1. 19. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.trainweb.org/mccann/welcome.htm| title = Welcome to the Rose City & NorthWestern: Only in Hollywood do trains still cross Portland's Hawthorne Bridge| publisher = TrainWeb| accessdate = 2007-12-16| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071216083548/http://www.trainweb.org/mccann/welcome.htm| archivedate = 2007-12-16| deadurl = yes| df = }} 20. ^{{cite news| url = http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story_2nd.php?story_id=12076| title = Tri-Met, Metro study two light rail plans| author = Don Hamilton| newspaper= Portland Tribune| date = June 14, 2002| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608015410/http://www.portlandtribune.com/news/story_2nd.php?story_id=12076 | archivedate= June 8, 2011| accessdate = July 5, 2014}} 21. ^{{cite web|title=Portland-Milwaukie Light Rail Project Fact Sheet|date=December 2010|publisher=TriMet|format=PDF|url=http://trimet.org/pdfs/pm/PMLR_Fact_Sheet_December2010.pdf|accessdate=2010-12-17}} 22. ^{{cite news|last=Mayer|first=James|title=North America's first bike counter starts work on the Hawthorne Bridge |newspaper=The Oregonian|date=August 8, 2012 |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2012/08/north_americas_first_bike_coun.html |accessdate=August 18, 2012}} 23. ^{{cite news|last=Harden|first=Kevin|title=Four downtown bridges earn historic honors|url=http://portlandtribune.com/pt/9-news/123569-four-downtown-bridges-earn-historic-honors|accessdate=November 20, 2012|newspaper=Portland Tribune|date=November 20, 2012}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=sweet adeline|url=http://www.sweetadeline.net/lcantanswer.html|accessdate=2011-01-13}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=AUTO-TOMY|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qP68d1cCrDs|accessdate=Dec 13, 2006}} External links{{commons category|Hawthorne Bridge}}
|structure = Crossings |place = Willamette River |bridge = Hawthorne Bridge |bridge signs = |upstream = Marquam Bridge |upstream signs = |downstream = Morrison Bridge |downstream signs = }}{{Hosford-Abernethy, Portland, Oregon}}{{Tom McCall Waterfront Park}} 16 : Bridges in Portland, Oregon|Vertical lift bridges in Oregon|Bridges completed in 1910|Bridges over the Willamette River|Road bridges in Oregon|National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Oregon|Road bridges on the National Register of Historic Places in Oregon|1910 establishments in Oregon|Buckman, Portland, Oregon|Drawbridges on the National Register of Historic Places|Southwest Portland, Oregon|Hosford-Abernethy, Portland, Oregon|Portland Historic Landmarks|Tom McCall Waterfront Park|Steel bridges in the United States|Parker truss bridges in the United States |
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