请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Akhand Bharat
释义

  1. History

  2. Usage

  3. See also

  4. References

{{About| the irredentist concept comprising India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh| the Indian cultural sphere | Greater India}}{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}{{Italic title}}Akhand Bharata or Akhand Hindustan are irredentist terms literally meaning "Undivided India".[1][2]

History

At the time of the Indian Independence Movement, Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi advocated for Akhand Hindustan, a proposition that Mahatma Gandhi, believing that "as Britain wanted to retain her empire by pursuing a policy of divide and rule, Hindu-Muslim unity could not be achieved as long as the British were there."[3] In addition, Mazhar Ali Khan wrote that "the Khan brothers [were] determined to fight for Akhand Hindustan, and challenged the League to fight the issue out before the electorate of the Province."[4] On 7–8 October 1944, in Delhi, Radha Kumud Mukherjee presided over the Akhand Hindustan Leaders' Conference.[5]

Usage

The call for creation of the Akhand Bharat or Akhand Hindusthan has on occasions been raised by Indian Hindutvawadi cultural and political organisations such as the Hindu Mahasabha, Kakbhusundi Revolutionary Forum (KRF), Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Vishwa Hindu Parishad, Hindu Janajagruti Samiti, and Bharatiya Janata Party.[6][7][8][9] The name of one organisation sharing this goal, the Akhand Hindustan Morcha, bears the term in its name.[10] Other major Indian political parties such as the left-wing Indian National Congress, while maintaining a position against the partition of India on religious grounds, do not subscribe to a call for Akhand Bharat.{{cn|date=September 2018}}

Pre-1947 maps of India showing the current states of Pakistan and Bangladesh as part of the territories of British India illustrate the borders of a proto-Akhand Bharat.[8] The creation of an Akhand Bharat is also ideologically linked with the concept of Hindutva (Hinduness) and the ideas of sangathan (unity) and shuddhi (purification) that seek to focus modern Indian politics on a legendary ancient civilisation and heritage of the Indian subcontinent.[9]

While the leadership of the right-wing BJP wavers on the issue, the RSS has always been a strong proponent of the idea.[11][12] RSS leader H. V. Seshadri's book The Tragic Story of Partition stresses the importance of the concept of Akhand Bharat.[13] The RSS affiliated magazine Organiser often publishes editorials by leaders such as the present Sarsanghachalak, Mohan Bhagwat, espousing the philosophy that only Akhand Bharat and sampoorna samaj (united society) can bring "real" freedom to the people of India.[14]

The call for Indian reunification has been supported by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi[15], and BJP National General Secretary Ram Madhav.

Mr. K.J.Anand Leader Achchedin taken special lead to explore the possibility.[16]

Former Indian Supreme Court Judge Markandey Katju advocated in Pakistani newspaper The Nation that the only solution to the ongoing dispute between India and Pakistan is the reunification of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh under a strong, secular, modern-minded government.[17][18] He expanded on the reasons for his support for an reunified India in an article for Newslaundry,[19] In a separate article, Katju advocated that such a state would be administered by a secular government.[20] Katju serves as the chairman of the Indian Reunification Association (IRA), which seeks to campaign for this cause.[21][22]

See also

  • Bharat Mata Mandir
  • Indo-Pak Confederation
  • Indian nationalism
  • Opposition to the partition of India
  • Indian reunification

References

1. ^{{cite book|last=Erdman|first=H. L.|title=The Swatantra Party and Indian Conservatisum|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521049801|page=55|quote=The ultimate reunification of the subcontinent is a professed goal, as it is for the Mahasabha, but here, too, there is a difference in emphasis which deserves note: for the Sangh, the goal is 'Akhand Bharat', while for the Mahasabha it is 'Akhand Hindustan'.}}
2. ^{{cite book|last=Chitkara|first=M. G.|title=Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh|date=1 January 2004|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788176484657|page=262|quote=Those who dub Shri L.K. Advani, the Home Minister of India and others as foreigners, must realise that the freedom struggle was a mass movement of all the people of entire Akhanda Hindusthan (United Bharat).}}
3. ^{{cite book|last=Ghose|first=Sankar|title=Mahatma Gandhi|date=1 January 1991|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=9788170232056|page=315|quote=Later, K.M. Munishi, with Gandhi's blessing, also resigned from the Congress to plead for Akhand Hindustan as a counter blast to Pakistan. Gandhi, who previously thought that swaraj was impossible without Hindu-Muslim unity, subsequently came to the conclusion that as Britain wanted to retain her empire by pursuing a policy of divide and rule, Hindu-Muslim unity could not be achieved as long as the British were there.}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Khan|first=Mazhar Ali|title=Pakistan: The First Twelve Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B_BtAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=23 July 2014|year=1996|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195776768|quote=Many months ago, when the Pakistan issue was still in the melting pot, the Khan brothers determined to fight for Akhand Hindustan, and challenged the League to fight the issue out before the electorate of the Province.}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Jai Narain|title=Encyclopaedia Eminent Thinkers|date=1 January 2008|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788180694929|page=88|quote=On 5 August 1944, he issued a common letter to the leaders of various parties making a proposal to hold Akhand Hindustan Leaders' Conference. Such a conference was held on 7 and 8 October in Delhi. It was presided over by Dr. Radha Kumud Mukherji.}}
6. ^{{cite book|last=Suda|first=Jyoti Prasad|title=India, Her Civic Life and Administration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mVsNAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=23 July 2014|year=1953|publisher=Jai Prakash Nath & Co.|quote=Its members still swear by the ideal of Akhand Hindusthan.}}
7. ^Yale H. Ferguson and R. J. Barry Jones, Political space: frontiers of change and governance in a globalizing world, page 155, SUNY Press, 2002, {{ISBN|978-0-7914-5460-2}}
8. ^1 Sucheta Majumder, "Right Wing Mobilization in India", Feminist Review, issue 49, page 17, Routledge, 1995, {{ISBN|978-0-415-12375-4}}
9. ^1 Ulrika Mårtensson and Jennifer Bailey, Fundamentalism in the Modern World (Volume 1), page 97, I.B.Tauris, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-84885-330-0}}
10. ^{{cite book|title=Hindu Political Parties|date=30 May 2010|publisher=General Books|isbn=9781157374923}}
11. ^Jyotirmaya Sharma, "Ideological heresy?, The Hindu, 2005-06-19
12. ^Radhika Ramaseshan, "Advani fires Atal weapon", The Telegraph, 2005-06-16
13. ^Ashish Vashi, "Anti-Sardar Patel book sold from RSS HQ in Gujarat", The Times of India, 2009-08-27
14. ^Manini Chatterjee, "Only by Akhand Bharat", The Indian Express, 2007-02-01
15. ^http://deshgujarat.com/2012/03/24/a-day-would-come-when-sindh-will-be-a-part-of-indianarendra-modi-says-adding-that-a-grand-zulelal-dham-will-be-built-in-kutch/
16. ^http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/rss-belives-india-pak-and-bangladesh-will-reunite-through-goodwill-one-day-ram-madhav/
17. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/02-Mar-2013/the-truth-about-pakistan| work=The Nation| title=The truth about Pakistan| date=2 March 2013| access-date=9 January 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110103720/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/columns/02-Mar-2013/the-truth-about-pakistan| archive-date=10 November 2013| dead-url=yes| df=dmy-all}}
18. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pakistan-allpraise-for-markandey-katju/1084053/0| work=Indian Express | title=Pakistan all-praise for Markandey Katju| date=7 March 2013}}
19. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2015/12/08/we-must-reunite-why-pakistan-india-and-bangladesh-should-be-one-country|work=Newslaundry|title=We must reunite: Why Pakistan, India and Bangladesh should be one country|date=8 December 2015}}
20. ^http://www.huffingtonpost.in/markandey-katju/india-and-pakistan-must-reunite-for-their-mutual-good_a_22033158/
21. ^{{cite web |title=Mission Statement of the Indian Reunification Association |url=https://indicanews.com/2019/02/07/mission-statement-of-the-indian-reunification-association/ |publisher=Indica News |language=English |date=7 February 2019}}
22. ^{{cite web |author1=Markandey Katju |title=India And Pakistan Must Reunite For Their Mutual Good |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/markandey-katju/india-and-pakistan-must-reunite-for-their-mutual-good_a_22033158/ |publisher=The Huffington Post |language=English |date=10 April 2017}}
{{irredentism}}

11 : Anti-Pakistan sentiment|Bangladesh–India relations|Foreign relations of India|Geography of India|Hindi words and phrases|Hindutva|India–Pakistan relations|Irredentism|National unifications|Political ideologies|Politics of India
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/11 6:14:44