| 词条 | Heinz Fischer |
| 释义 |
| name = Heinz Fischer | image = Heinz Fischer 2018.jpg | office = President of Austria | chancellor = Wolfgang Schüssel Alfred Gusenbauer Werner Faymann Reinhold Mitterlehner {{small|(Acting)}} Christian Kern | 1blankname = {{nowrap|Vice-Chancellor}} | 1namedata = Hubert Gorbach Wilhelm Molterer Josef Pröll Michael Spindelegger Reinhold Mitterlehner | term_start = 8 July 2004 | term_end = 8 July 2016 | predecessor = Thomas Klestil | successor = Alexander Van der Bellen | office1 = President of the National Council | term_start1 = 5 November 1990 | term_end1 = 20 December 2002 | predecessor1 = Rudolf Pöder | successor1 = Andreas Khol | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1938|10|9|df=y}} | birth_place = Graz, Nazi Germany {{small|(now Austria)}} | death_date = | death_place = | party = Independent (since 2004) | otherparty = Social Democratic Party (before 2004) | spouse = Margit Binder | children = 2 | alma_mater = University of Vienna | awards = Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Order of Prince Henry Royal Order of the Seraphim Military Order of Saint James of the Sword }}Heinz Fischer ({{IPA-de|haɪnts ˈfɪʃɐ|-|De-at Heinz Fischer.ogg}}; born 9 October 1938 in Graz, Styria) is a former Austrian politician. He took office as President of Austria on 8 July 2004 and was re-elected for a second and last term on 25 April 2010, leaving office on 8 July 2016. Fischer previously served as minister of science from 1983 to 1987 and as president of the National Council of Austria from 1990 to 2002. A member of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), he suspended his party membership for the duration of his presidency.[1][2] Early lifeFischer was born in Graz, Styria, which had recently become part of Nazi Germany, following Germany’s annexation of Austria in March 1938. Fischer attended a grammar school which focused on humanities and graduated in 1956. He studied law at the University of Vienna, earning a doctorate in 1961. In 1963, at the age of 25, Fischer spent a year volunteering at Kibbutz Sarid, northern Israel.[3] Apart from being a politician, Fischer also pursued an academic career, and became a professor of Political Science at the University of Innsbruck in 1994.[4] Political careerFischer was a member of the Austrian parliament, the National Council, from 1971, and served as its president from 1990 to 2002. From 1983 to 1987 he was minister of science in a coalition government headed by Fred Sinowatz. First term as presidentIn January 2004 Fischer announced that he would run for president to succeed Thomas Klestil. He was elected on 25 April 2004 as the candidate of the opposition Social Democratic Party. He polled 52.4 per cent of the votes to defeat Benita Ferrero-Waldner, then foreign minister in the ruling conservative coalition led by the People's Party. Fischer was sworn in on 8 July 2004 and took over office from the college of presidents of the National Council, who had acted for the president following Klestil's death on 6 July. Fischer's critics, foremost among them Norbert Leser, his university colleague, have derided him as a career politician (Berufspolitiker) who has never been in touch with the real world. They claim that Fischer has always avoided controversy and conflict, even when that seemed required, pointing to Fischer's tacit support for Bruno Kreisky in his attacks on Simon Wiesenthal. On being nominated for president, Fischer said that he hated antagonising people and that he considered this quality an asset rather than anything else. Second term as presidentIn April 2010, Fischer was re-elected president of Austria, winning a second six-year term in office with almost 79% of the votes. The voter turnout of merely 53.6% was a record low.[5] Around a third of those eligible to vote voted for Fischer, leading the conservative daily Die Presse to describe the election as an "absolute majority for non-voters".[6] The reasons behind the low turnout may have been that pollsters had predicted a safe victory for Fischer (past Austrian presidents running for a second term had always won) and that the other large party, ÖVP, had not nominated a candidate of their own, and had not endorsed any of the three candidates. Prominent ÖVP members, unofficially but in public, even suggested to cast a blank vote, which 7% of the voters did. Personal lifeFischer identifies himself as agnostic[8] and as a social democrat. Heinz Fischer and Margit Binder married in 1968. The couple have two grown children. Fischer enjoys mountaineering and has been president of the Austrian Friends of Nature for many years. Honours and awards
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wienerzeitung.at/DesktopDefault.aspx?TabID=4975&Alias=WZO&cob=483224|title=Wiener Zeitung Online - Tageszeitung für Österreich|first=Wiener Zeitung|last=Online|website=Wiener Zeitung Online - Tageszeitung für Österreich}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Rudolf Pöder}}{{s-ttl|title=President of the National Council|years=1990–2002}}{{s-aft|after=Andreas Khol}}2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.br-online.de/bayerisches-fernsehen/rundschau/oesterreich-praesidentenwahl-wahl-ID1272184893984.xml?_requestid=14 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120729092050/http://www.br-online.de/bayerisches-fernsehen/rundschau/oesterreich-praesidentenwahl-wahl-ID1272184893984.xml?_requestid=14 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-29 |title=Neuer alter Präsident |publisher=Bayerischer Rundfunk |date=2010-04-25 |accessdate=2010-11-13 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1228728209850&pagename=JPArticle%2FShowFull|title=Austrian president vows to bring up Schalit case with Assad - Middle East|publisher=}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=External lecturers|url=https://www.uibk.ac.at/politikwissenschaft/team/externe-lehrende/|publisher=Department of Political Science, University of Innsbruck|accessdate=28 February 2017|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070405/https://www.uibk.ac.at/politikwissenschaft/team/externe-lehrende/|archivedate=16 October 2017|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2010/04/2010425175334560120.html|title=Austria president sweeps to victory|date=25 April 2010|accessdate=25 April 2010|publisher=Al Jazeera}} 6. ^http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=357759&version=1&template_id=39&parent_id=21 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602075455/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=357759&version=1&template_id=39&parent_id=21 |date=June 2, 2010 }} 7. ^{{cite news|title=President of Austria Visits ESO in Santiago|url=http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann12097/|accessdate=8 December 2012|newspaper=ESO Announcements}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bundespraesident.at/newsdetail/artikel/es-kann-auch-das-standesamt-sein-profil/|title=Bundespräsident.at: ”Es kann auch das Standesamt sein” profil|website=www.bundespraesident.at|access-date=2012-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710071319/http://www.bundespraesident.at/newsdetail/artikel/es-kann-auch-das-standesamt-sein-profil/|archive-date=2018-07-10|dead-url=yes|df=}} 9. ^1 Portuguese President's website {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6FcPbwxYD?url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154&list=1 |date=April 4, 2013 }} 10. ^Lithuanian Presidency {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419212238/http://www.lrp.lt/lt/prezidento_veikla/apdovanojimai/apdovanojimai_256/p40.html |date=2014-04-19 }}, Lithuanian Orders searching form 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thebrandlaureate.com/2011/bp/04fisher.html|title=The Epitome of Brand Success - The BrandLaureate|website=www.thebrandlaureate.com}} 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://royautes.ek.la/henri-et-maria-teresa-en-autriche-a83173534 | title = L'actualité des royautés, "Henri et Maria Teresa en Autriche" | language = French | page = | trans-title = | accessdate = 2 July 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131017094714/http://royautes.ek.la/henri-et-maria-teresa-en-autriche-a83173534 | archive-date = 17 October 2013 | dead-url = yes | df = dmy-all }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://president.al/?p=17934|title=Website Zyrtar|first=Presidenti i|last=Republikes|website=president.al|access-date=2016-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807202427/http://president.al/?p=17934|archive-date=2016-08-07|dead-url=yes|df=}} |-{{s-bef|before=Thomas Klestil}}{{s-ttl|title=President of Austria|years=2004–2016}}{{s-aft|after=Alexander Van der Bellen}}{{s-end}}{{Presidents of Austria}}{{Subject bar |portal1 = Austria |portal2 = Politics |portal3 = Biography |commons = y }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Fischer, Heinz}} 19 : 1938 births|Austrian agnostics|Candidates for President of Austria|Living people|Members of the National Council (Austria)|People from Graz|Presidents of Austria|Presidents of the National Council (Austria)|University of Vienna alumni|Austrian people of Jewish descent|Grand Collars of the Order of Prince Henry|Grand Collars of the Order of Saint James of the Sword|Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur|Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil)|Grand Crosses with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic|Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic|Knights of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau|Recipients of the Order of the Condor of the Andes |
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