| 词条 | Akron, Ohio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Akron, Ohio | official_name = City of Akron | settlement_type = City | image_skyline = AkronOhioSky.jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_flag = Akron Ohio Flag.jpg | image_seal = New Seal of Akron.png | nicknames = {{nowrap|Rubber City}}, {{nowrap|City of Invention}}, {{nowrap|Rubber Capital of the World (historical)}} | image_map = Summit County Ohio incorporated and unincorporated areas Akron highlighted.svg | mapsize = 260px | map_caption = Location in Summit County and the state of Ohio | pushpin_map = USA Ohio#USA#North America | pushpin_label = Akron | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ohio | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_name1 = Ohio | subdivision_name2 = Summit | established_title = Founded | established_date = 1825 | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = 1836 (village) | established_title3 = Incorporated | established_date3 = 1865 (city) | government_type = Strong Mayor–council | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Dan Horrigan (D) | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area_land_km2 = 160.66 | area_water_km2 = 0.88 | area_footnotes = [1] | area_total_km2 = 161.54 | area_total_sq_mi = 62.37 | area_land_sq_mi = 62.03 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.34 | area_water_percent = 0.55 | elevation_m = 306 | elevation_ft = 1004 | coordinates = {{coord|41|4|23|N|81|31|4|W|region:US-OH|display=inline,title}} | population_as_of = 2010 | population_est = 197,846 | pop_est_as_of = 2017 | pop_est_footnotes = [2] | population_footnotes = [3] | population_total = 199110 | population_rank = US: 119th | population_density_km2 = 1239.3 | population_density_sq_mi = 3209.9 | population_urban = 569,499 (US: 71st) | population_metro = 705,686 (US: 77th) | population_demonym = Akronite | timezone = Eastern (EST) | utc_offset = -5 | timezone_DST = EDT | utc_offset_DST = -4 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 44301-44321, 44325, 44326, 44328, 44333, 44334, 44372, 44396, 44398 | area_code = 234, 330 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 39-01000 | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = 1064305[3] | website = {{URL|akronohio.gov}} }}Akron ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|k|r|ən}}) is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the western edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau, about {{convert|30|mi|km}} south of Cleveland. As of the 2017 Census estimate, the city proper had a total population of 197,846, making it the 119th-largest city in the United States. The Greater Akron area, covering Summit and Portage counties, had an estimated population of 703,505.[3] The city was founded in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams, along the Little Cuyahoga River at the summit of the developing Ohio and Erie Canal. The name is derived from the Greek word signifying a summit or high point. It was briefly renamed South Akron after Eliakim Crosby founded nearby North Akron in 1833, until both merged into an incorporated village in 1836. In the 1910s, Akron doubled in population, making it the nation's fastest-growing city. A long history of rubber and tire manufacturing, carried on today by Goodyear Tire, gave Akron the nickname "Rubber Capital of the World". It was once known as a center of airship development.[4][5] Today, its economy includes manufacturing, education, healthcare, and biomedical research; leading corporations include Gojo Industries, FirstEnergy, Huntington Bank, and Charter Spectrum. Notable historic events in Akron include the passage of the Akron School Law of 1847, which created the K–12 system; the popularization of the church architectural Akron Plan, the Akron Experiment into preventing goiter A racially diverse city, it has seen noted racial relations speeches by Sojourner Truth in 1851 — the Ain't I A Woman? speech; W. E. B. Du Bois in 1920;[8] and President Bill Clinton in 1997.[9] In 1914, Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Akron.[8][6] Episodes of major civil unrest in Akron have included the riot of 1900, rubber strike of 1936, and the Wooster Avenue riots of 1968. HistoryIn 1811, Paul Williams settled near the corner of what is now Buchtel Avenue and Broadway. He suggested to General Simon Perkins, who was surveyor of the Connecticut Land Company's Connecticut Western Reserve, that they found a town at the summit of the developing Ohio and Erie Canal. The name is adapted from the Greek word {{lang|grc|ἄκρον}} ({{em|ákron}}), meaning {{em|summit}} or {{em|high point}}.[7] It was laid out in December 1825, where the south part of the downtown Akron neighborhood sits today. Irish laborers working on the Ohio Canal built about 100 cabins nearby. After Eliakim Crosby founded "North Akron" (also known as Cascade) in the northern portion of what is now downtown Akron in 1833, "South" was added to Akron's name until about three years later, when the two were merged and became an incorporated village in 1836.[8] In 1840, Summit County formed from portions of Portage, Medina, and Stark Counties. Akron replaced Cuyahoga Falls as its county seat a year later and opened a canal connecting to Beaver, Pennsylvania, helping give birth to the stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing tackle, and farming equipment industries.[4][5] In 1844, abolitionist John Brown moved into the John Brown House across the street from business partner Colonel Simon Perkins, who lived in the Perkins Stone Mansion. The Akron School Law of 1847 founded the city's public schools and created the K–12 grade school system,[9] which currently is used in every U.S. state. The city's first school is now a museum on Broadway Street near the corner of Exchange. {{clear}}1850s–1890s: Summit CityWhen the Ohio Women's Rights Convention came to Akron in 1851, Sojourner Truth extemporaneously delivered her speech named "Ain't I A Woman?", at the Universalist Old Stone Church. In 1870, a local businessman associated with the church, John R. Buchtel, founded Buchtel College, which became the University of Akron in 1913. Ferdinand Schumacher bought a mill in 1856, and the following decade mass-produced oat bars for the Union Army during the American Civil War; these continued to sell well after the war. Akron incorporated as a city in 1865.[10] Philanthropist Lewis Miller, Walter Blythe, and architect Jacob Snyder designed the widely used Akron Plan, debuting it on Akron's First Methodist Episcopal Church in 1872.[18] Numerous Congregational, Baptist, and Presbyterian churches built between the 1870s and World War I use it.[11][20] In 1883, a local journalist began the modern toy industry by founding the Akron Toy Company. A year later, the first popular toy was mass-produced clay marbles made by Samuel C. Dyke at his shop where Lock 3 Park is now. Other popular inventions include rubber balloons, ducks, dolls, balls, baby buggy bumpers, and little brown jugs. In 1895, the first long-distance electric railway, the Akron, Bedford and Cleveland Railroad, began service.[12] On August 25, 1889, the Boston Daily Globe referred to Akron with the nickname "Summit City".[22] To help local police, the city deployed the first police car in the U.S. that ran on electricity.[23]1900s–1990s: Rubber Capital of the World{{See also|Akron Rubber Strike of 1936}}The Riot of 1900 saw assaults on city officials, two deaths, and the destruction by fire of Columbia Hall and the Downtown Fire Station (now the City Building since 1925).[13] The American trucking industry was birthed through Akron's Rubber Capital of the World era when the four major tire companies Goodrich Corporation (1869), Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (1898), Firestone Tire and Rubber Company (1900),[14] and General Tire (1915)[15][16] were headquartered in the city. The numerous jobs the rubber factories provided for deaf people led to Akron being nicknamed the "Crossroads of the Deaf".[28] On Easter Sunday 1913, 9.55 inches of rain fell, causing floods that killed five people and destroyed the Ohio and Erie Canal system. From 1916 to 1920, 10,000 schoolgirls took part in the successful Akron Experiment, testing iodized salt to prevent goiter in what was known as the "Goiter Belt".[17] The Akron & National Marble Tournament was created in 1923 by Roy W. Howard, being owned by the Akron District Marbles Tournament and the Akron Beacon Journal sometime before it ended permanently in the 1960s. Rubber companies responded to housing crunches by building affordable housing for workers. Goodyear's president, F.A. Seiberling, built the Goodyear Heights neighborhood for employees. Likewise, Harvey Firestone built the Firestone Park neighborhood for his employees.[18] During the 1910–1920 decade, Akron became a boomtown, being America's fastest growing city with a 201.8% increase in population. Of the 208,000 citizens, almost one-third were immigrants (also Clark Gable)[31] and their children from places including Europe and West Virginia. In 1929 and 1931 Goodyear's subsidiary Goodyear-Zeppelin Company manufactured two airships for the United States Navy, USS Akron (ZRS-4) and USS Macon (ZRS-5). Goodyear built a number of blimps for the Navy during WWII and later for advertising purposes.[32][33][19] Akron again grew when Kenmore was annexed by voter approval on November 6, 1928. Found hiding under a bed at one of his hideouts in the city, notorious bank robber Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd was arrested under the name "Frank Mitchell" in March 1930.[20] Goodyear became America's top tire manufacturer after merging with The Kelly-Springfield Tire Company in 1935.[36] Lasting five weeks and consisting of roughly 5,000 strikers including union sympathizers from other factories and neighboring states, the Akron Rubber Strike of 1936 successfully used "sit-down" tactic being organized by the United Rubber Workers.[21] During the 1950s–60s Akron surged as use of the automobile did. The historic Rubber Bowl was used by the National Guard of the United States as a base during the racial Wooster Avenue Riots of 1968. Like many other industries of the Rust Belt, both the tire and rubber industries experienced major decline. By the early 1990s, Goodyear was the last major tire manufacturer based in Akron. 2000s: City of InventionDespite the number of rubber workers decreasing by roughly half from 2000–07, Akron's research in polymers gained an international reputation.[38] It now centers the Polymer Valley which consist of 400 polymer-related companies, of which 94 were located in the city itself.[22] Research is focused at the University of Akron, which is home to the Goodyear Polymer Center and the National Polymer Innovation Center, and the College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering. Because of its contributions to the Information Age, Newsweek listed Akron fifth of ten high-tech havens in 2001.[22] In 2008 "City of Invention" was added to the seal when the All-America City Award was received for the third time. Some events of the 2014 Gay Games used the city as a venue. In 2013, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company opened its new global headquarters on Innovation Way, further cementing the company's relationship with the city [https://www.ohio.com/akron/business/goodyear-s-new-headquarters-reflects-a-new-company]. The city also continues to deal with the effects of air and soil pollution from its industrial past. In the southwestern part of the city, soil was contaminated and noxious PCB-laden fumes were put into the air by an electrical transformer deconstruction operation that existed from the 1930s to the 1960s. Cleanup of the site, designated as a Superfund site by the Environmental Protection Agency, began in 1987 and concluded in 2000. The area remains restricted with regular reviews of the site and its underground aquifer.[23][24][25] GeographyAkron is located in the Great Lakes region about {{convert|39|mi|km}} south of Lake Erie, on the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. It is bordered by Cuyahoga Falls on the north and Barberton in the southwest. It is the center of the Akron Metropolitan Statistical Area which covers Summit and Portage Counties, and the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area. Located on the western end of the plateau, the topography of Akron includes rolling hills and varied terrain. The Ohio and Erie Canal passes through the city, separating the east from west. Akron has the only biogas facility[44] in the United States that produces methane through the decomposition process of sludge to create electricity.[45] According to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of {{convert|62.37|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|62.03|sqmi}} (or 99.45%) is land and {{convert|0.34|sqmi}} (or 0.55%) is water.[26] ClimateAkron has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa), typical of the Midwest, with four distinct seasons, and lies in USDA hardiness zone 6b, degrading to zone 6a in the outlying suburbs.[27] Winters are cold and dry but typically bring a mix of rain, sleet, and snow with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. January is the coldest month with an average mean temperature of {{convert|26.1|F|1}},[48] with temperatures on average dropping to or below {{convert|0|F|0}} on 3.8 days and staying at or below freezing on 41 days per year.[48] Snowfall averages {{convert|47.5|in|cm}} per season, significantly less than the snowbelt areas closer to Lake Erie.[48] The snowiest month on record was {{convert|37.5|in|cm}} in January 1978, while winter snowfall amounts have ranged from {{convert|82.0|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 1977–78 to {{convert|18.2|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 1949–50.[48] Springs generally see a transition to fewer weather systems that produce heavier rainfall. Summers are typically very warm and humid with temperatures at or above {{convert|90|F|0}} on 8.0 days per year on average; the annual count has been as high as 36 days in 1931, while the most recent year to not reach that mark is 2004.[48] July is the warmest month with an average mean temperature of {{convert|72.0|F|0}}.[48] Autumn is relatively dry with many clear warm days and cool nights. The all-time record high temperature in Akron of {{convert|104|F|0}} was established on August 6, 1918, and the all-time record low temperature of {{convert|−25|F|0}} was set on January 19, 1994.[48] The first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 18 and April 26, respectively, allowing a growing season of 174 days.[48] The normal annual mean temperature is {{convert|49.8|F|1}}.[48] Normal yearly precipitation based on the 30-year average from 1981–2010 is {{convert|39.62|in|mm}}, falling on an average 158 days.[48] Monthly precipitation has ranged from {{convert|12.55|in|mm|abbr=on}} in July 2003 to {{convert|0.20|in|mm|abbr=on}} in September 1960, while for annual precipitation the historical range is {{convert|65.70|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1990 to {{convert|23.79|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1963.[48] {{Weather box|location = Akron, Ohio (Akron-Canton Airport), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1887–present |single line = Y |collapsed = Y |Jan high F = 33.1 |Feb high F = 36.7 |Mar high F = 46.6 |Apr high F = 59.6 |May high F = 69.3 |Jun high F = 78.0 |Jul high F = 82.0 |Aug high F = 80.3 |Sep high F = 73.0 |Oct high F = 61.0 |Nov high F = 49.2 |Dec high F = 37.0 |year high F =58.8 |Jan low F = 19.1 |Feb low F = 21.3 |Mar low F = 28.5 |Apr low F = 38.8 |May low F = 48.5 |Jun low F = 57.7 |Jul low F = 61.9 |Aug low F = 60.6 |Sep low F = 53.3 |Oct low F = 42.5 |Nov low F = 33.9 |Dec low F = 23.9 |year low F =40.8 |Jan avg record high F =56.1 |Feb avg record high F =59.1 |Mar avg record high F =72.1 |Apr avg record high F =80.1 |May avg record high F =84.2 |Jun avg record high F =89.9 |Jul avg record high F =91.1 |Aug avg record high F =90.1 |Sep avg record high F =86.0 |Oct avg record high F =77.8 |Nov avg record high F =68.8 |Dec avg record high F =58.3 |year avg record high F=92.3 |Jan avg record low F = −2.4 |Feb avg record low F = 2.1 |Mar avg record low F = 10.1 |Apr avg record low F = 23.4 |May avg record low F = 34.9 |Jun avg record low F = 43.5 |Jul avg record low F = 50.3 |Aug avg record low F = 49.2 |Sep avg record low F = 39.6 |Oct avg record low F = 29.7 |Nov avg record low F = 19.1 |Dec avg record low F = 5.5 |year avg record low F= −6.1 |Jan record high F = 73 |Feb record high F = 76 |Mar record high F = 83 |Apr record high F = 89 |May record high F = 94 |Jun record high F = 100 |Jul record high F = 102 |Aug record high F = 104 |Sep record high F = 99 |Oct record high F = 89 |Nov record high F = 80 |Dec record high F = 76 |year record high F= 104 |Jan record low F = −25 |Feb record low F = −20 |Mar record low F = −6 |Apr record low F = 10 |May record low F = 24 |Jun record low F = 32 |Jul record low F = 41 |Aug record low F = 39 |Sep record low F = 29 |Oct record low F = 20 |Nov record low F = −1 |Dec record low F = −16 |year record low F= −25 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 2.61 |Feb precipitation inch = 2.31 |Mar precipitation inch = 2.98 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.55 |May precipitation inch = 4.28 |Jun precipitation inch = 3.83 |Jul precipitation inch = 4.08 |Aug precipitation inch = 3.56 |Sep precipitation inch = 3.45 |Oct precipitation inch = 2.83 |Nov precipitation inch = 3.30 |Dec precipitation inch = 2.84 |year precipitation inch= |Jul snow inch = 0 |Aug snow inch = 0 |Sep snow inch = 0 |Oct snow inch = 0.4 |Nov snow inch = 3.0 |Dec snow inch = 10.2 |Jan snow inch = 12.4 |Feb snow inch = 10.5 |Mar snow inch = 8.2 |Apr snow inch = 2.7 |May snow inch = 0.1 |Jun snow inch = 0 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 in |Jan precipitation days = 17.1 |Feb precipitation days = 14.1 |Mar precipitation days = 14.0 |Apr precipitation days = 14.3 |May precipitation days = 14.0 |Jun precipitation days = 12.1 |Jul precipitation days = 11.3 |Aug precipitation days = 9.6 |Sep precipitation days = 10.2 |Oct precipitation days = 10.9 |Nov precipitation days = 13.8 |Dec precipitation days = 16.2 |unit snow days = 0.1 in |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0.5 |Nov snow days = 3.4 |Dec snow days = 10.3 |Jan snow days = 13.0 |Feb snow days = 9.4 |Mar snow days = 6.8 |Apr snow days = 2.5 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |source 1 = NOAA[48][28] |date=February 2012 }} CityscapeArchitecture{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Akron, Ohio|Category:Buildings and structures in Akron, Ohio}}As a result of multiple towns merging, and industry boom, Akron's architecture is diverse. Originally a canal town, the city is divided into two parts by the Ohio and Erie Canal, with downtown being centered on it. Along the locks, the city has a path paved with rubber. Akron was awarded with the City Livability Award in 2008 for its efforts to co-purpose new school buildings as community learning centers. In 2009, the National Arbor Day Foundation designated Akron as a Tree City USA for the 14th time.[29] Many of the city's government and civic buildings, including City Hall, and the Summit County Courthouse are from pre-World War Two, but the Akron-Summit County Public Library, and John S. Knight Center are considerably newer. The library opened in 1969 but reopened as a greatly expanded facility in 2004. The Knight Center opened in 1994. The First Methodist Episcopal Church first used the Akron Plan in 1872, the plan later gained popularity, being used in many Congregationalists, Baptists, and Presbyterians.[18][30] The city is home to a historic 1920s atmospheric movie palace, the Akron Civic Theatre. One of the building's features is a starry sky with clouds that drift over it when the lights are dimmed. Completed in 1931, Akron's tallest building, the Huntington Tower, features the art deco style and is covered in glazed architectural terra-cotta.[31] Standing {{convert|330|ft|m}}, it is built on top of the Hamilton Building, completed in 1900 in the neo-gothic style.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} Near the turn of the millennium the tower was given a $2.5 million facelift, including a $1.8 million restoration of the tower's terra-cotta, brick and limestone.[31] The top of the building has a television broadcast tower, formerly used by WAKR-TV (now WVPX-TV) and WAKR-AM.[32] The antenna reaches {{convert|134.7|m|ft}}.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}Located on the University of Akron campus, the Goodyear Polymer Center, is glass twin towers connected by walkways. The university also uses the former Quaker Oats factory as a dormitory; for many years it had been a shopping center called Quaker Square. There had also been a hotel there. The Akron Art Museum commissioned Coop Himmelblau to design an expansion in 2007. The new building connects to the old building and is divided into three parts known as the "Crystal",[33] "Gallery Box",[34] and the "Roof Cloud".[35] The contrasting neighborhoods of Goodyear Heights and Firestone Park were built during the rubber industry to house workers and their families. They are both communities filled with houses based on mail-order plans. Neighborhoods{{Main|Akron neighborhoods}}Akron consists of 21 neighborhoods, with an additional three that are unincorporated but recognized within the city. The neighborhoods of the city differ in design largely because of expansions such as town merging, annexation, housing construction in various time periods, and rubber era. Maple Valley covers the west end of Copley Road, before reaching I-77. Along this strip are several businesses using the name, as well as the Maple Valley Branch of the Akron-Summit County Public Library. Spicertown falls under the blanket of University Park, this term is used frequently to describe the student-centered retail and residential area around East Exchange and Spicer streets, near the University of Akron. West Hill is roughly bounded by West Market Street on the north, West Exchange Street on the south, Downtown on the East, and Rhodes Avenue on the west. It features many stately older homes, particularly in the recently recognized Oakdale Historic District. SuburbsAkron's suburbs include Barberton, Cuyahoga Falls, Fairlawn, Green, Mogadore, Montrose, Munroe Falls, Norton, Silver Lake, Stow, and Tallmadge. Akron formed Joint Economic Development Districts with Springfield, Coventry, Copley, and Bath (in conjunction with Fairlawn) townships.[36] Culture{{Main|Culture of Akron, Ohio}}Akron is home to E. J. Thomas Hall, one of three Akron performance halls. Regular acts include the Akron Symphony Orchestra, Tuesday Musical Club, and Children's Concert Society. World-class performances events include Broadway musicals, ballets, comedies, lectures, entertainers, attracting 400,000 visitors annually. The hall seats 2,955, divided among three tiers. To maintain top-notch acoustic sound, the counter-weighted ceiling is adjustable, altering the physical dimensions of the hall. Located downtown is the Akron Civic Theatre, which opened in 1929 as the Loew's Theater. This atmospheric-style theater was designed by John Eberson and contains many Moorish features including arches and decorative tiles. It features elaborate wood carvings, alabaster statuary, and European antiques. The theater seats 5,000. Behind it on the canal is the Lock 3 Park amphitheater, which annually host the First Night in Akron. The Akron Art Museum also downtown, features art produced since 1850 along with national and international exhibitions.[72] It opened in 1922 as the Akron Art Institute, in the basement of the Akron Public Library. It moved to its current location at the renovated 1899 post office building in 1981. In 2007, the museum more than tripled in size with the addition of the John S. and James L. Knight Building, which received the 2005 American Architecture Award from the Chicago Athenaeum[73] while still under construction.[74][75] Built between 1912 and 1915 for Frank Seiberling, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens is the seventh-largest historic house in the United States. Located within the Sand Run Metro Park, the {{convert|104|acre|km2}} F.A. Seiberling Nature Realm features a visitor center, hiking trails, three ponds, gardens, and an array of special programs throughout the year. The Akron Police Museum displays mementos including items from Pretty Boy Floyd, whose gang frequented the city.[76][77] The city is home to several other galleries and museums include American Marble and Toy Museum and the Don Drumm Studios & Gallery.[78] Film and televisionAkron has served as the setting for several major studio and independent films. Inducted into the National Film Registry, Dance, Girl, Dance (1940), tells the story of two dancers from Akron who go to New York City.[37][80] My Name is Bill W. (1989) tells the true story of Bill Wilson who co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous, which held its first meetings at the Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens and has over two million members today.[81] The program's connection to the Saint Thomas Hospital is alluded to in an episode of the television series Prison Break (2005), where Michael Scofield talks to Sara Tancredi on the phone while there.[38] The Akron Armory is used as a venue for a female wrestling team in ...All the Marbles (1981).[39] More Than a Game (2009) documents National Basketball Association player LeBron James and his St. Vincent – St. Mary High School high school basketball team's journey.[40] In Drake's music video to Forever (2009) off the More Than a Game Soundtrack (2009), the iconic Goodyear's logo on top the company's theater is shown. The city has been frequently portrayed in media, from "Hell on Earth" in the television series I'm In Hell (2007),[85] to the whereabouts of a holy woman in The Virgin of Akron, Ohio (2007).[41] Henry Spivey of My Own Worst Enemy (2008), travels to Akron through the series many times.[87] George Costanza in an episode of Seinfeld (1989), flies to the city.[88] M.Y.O.B. (2008) is centered on an Akron runaway girl named Riley Veatch.[89] Jake Foley of Jake 2.0 (2003), Pickles family of the Rugrats (1991), and J.Reid of In Too Deep (1999) are also from the city. Akron was also in the spotlight on the television show Criminal Minds "Compromising Positions" (2010) Season 6, Episode 4. The 2015 film Room is based in Akron. The film Harvey (1950) mentions Akron multiple times. In popular cultureIn Needful Things, a novel by Stephen King, the character of Leland Gaunt is from Akron. Also, in the musical comedy Glee, Vocal Adrenaline, the New Directions rivals, are from the fictional Carmel High School in Akron. In the dystopian novel Unwind (and its sequels), by Neal Shusterman, one of the main characters, Connor Lassiter, is dubbed the "Akron AWOL" after the city becomes the scene of his notorious escape from the Juvey-cops. An antique store in Akron also plays a key part in the Unwind series. Thomas and Beulah, a book of poetry written by native and former Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress, Rita Dove, tells the story of her grandmother and grandfather, who separately moved from the South to the city, where they lived through the Great Depression and the rest of their lives.[90] The city is also the setting for the novel The Coast of Akron, by former editor of Esquire, Adrienne Miller.[42] To reflect Akron's decline during the 1980s, Akron native Chrissie Hynde wrote the Pretenders song "My City Was Gone".[92] The Black Keys album title Rubber Factory refers to the former Goodrich Corporation rubber factory in which it was recorded.[43] Akron serves as a setting in the first-person-shooter PC platform video game A Spy In H.A.R.M.'s Way.[94][95]Tourism{{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Akron, Ohio}}There are numerous attractions and points of interest in the Akron area. Opened in 1922, The Akron Art Museum has a 20,000-square-foot building and a collection of art produced since 1850. Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens is the estate of F.A. Seiberling, founder of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company. The manor hosts various attractions and public events throughout the year. In the heart of downtown, the Akron Civic Theatre has provided the community with a venue for entertainment and live performances for over eighty years. Lock 3, a historic Ohio and Erie Canalway landmark, has been transformed into an entertainment amphitheater that hosts festivals, concerts, and community events throughout the year. The Akron Zoo is located just outside downtown, and was an initial gift of property from the city's founding family. In Highland Square, Akron hosts a convergence of art, music, and community annually called Art in the Square, a festival featuring local artists and musicians.[96] National events hosted annually in Akron cover a wide variety of hobbies and interests. The PGA World Golf Championships travel to Akron each year for the Bridgestone Invitational at Firestone Country Club. The All-American Soap Box Derby is a youth racing program which has its World Championship finals at Derby Downs. In mid July, the National Hamburger Festival consists of different vendors serving original recipe hamburgers and has a Miss Hamburger contest.[97] Lock 3 Park annually hosts the First Night Akron celebration on New Year's Eve.[98] The park also annually hosts the Italian Festival and the "Rib, White & Blue" food festival in July.[96] Founders Day is celebrated annually because of the founding of Alcoholics Anonymous within the city.[100][101] Cuisine{{See also|History of Quaker Oats}}Several residents of Akron have played a role in defining American cuisine. Ferdinand Schumacher created the first American oatmeal and is a pioneer of breakfast cereal.[102] He also founded the Empire Barley Mill and German Mills American Oatmeal Company,[103] which would later merge several times with other companies, with the result being the Quaker Oats Company.[104] The Menches Brothers, are the disputed inventors of the waffle ice cream cone,[105] caramel corn,[105] and hamburger.[44] The beer, BORIS The Crusher Oatmeal-Imperial Stout, brewed by the Hoppin' Frog Brewing Company located in the city, won 1st place in the Imperial Stout category of the 2008 Great American Beer Festival, and the company was named the 24th best brewer in the world for 2010 by RateBeer.com[45] Notable eateries in Akron are Luigi's Pizzeria (established in 1949) and The Diamond Grille. Other places include Crave, Bricco, Cilantro, Diamond Deli, Urban Eats, Mary Coyle Ice Cream, Swenson's, Ken Stewart's, Tangier, Louie's, Duffy's, New Era, Strickland's Frozen Custard, and Hamburger Station.[46] The rivalry between Swenson's and Skyway, aired on Iron Chef Michael Symon's Food Feuds, which Swenson's won.[47] Spoken dialectsAlthough Akron is in northern Ohio, where the Inland North dialect is expected, its settlement history puts it in the North Midland dialect area.[111] Some localisms that have developed include devilstrip, which refers to the grass strip between a sidewalk and street.[48] Sports
The RubberDucks have won the Eastern League Championship five times, most recently in 2016. The Akron Road Runner Marathon is a marathon in the city.[49] Akron hosted some of the events of the 2014 Gay Games including the marathon, the men's and women's golf tournaments at Firestone Country Club, and softball at Firestone Stadium.[114] The All-American Soap Box Derby is taken place each year at the Derby Downs since 1936. The Firestone Country Club, which annually hosts the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, has in the past hosted the PGA Championship, American Golf Classic, and Rubber City Open Invitational. On January 7, 1938, Akron became the birthplace of women's professional Mud Wrestling, in a match including Professional Wrestling and Wrestling Observer Hall of Famer, Mildred Burke.[50] The Professional Bowlers Association started in the city during 1958. LeBron James' King for Kids bike-a-thon feature James riding with kids through the city each June.[51] In November, the city hosts the annual Home Run for the Homeless 4-mile run. College sportsThe University of Akron's Akron Zips compete in the NCAA and the Mid-American Conference (MAC) in a variety of sports at the Division I level. The men's basketball team appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 1986, 2009, 2011, and 2013. In 2009, the Zips men's soccer team completed the regular-season undefeated, then won the NCAA Men's Division I Soccer Championship in 2010. Zippy, one of the eight female NCAA mascots, won the National Mascot of the Year contest in 2007. Past teamsFormer teams of Akron include the Akron Professionals (National Football League), Goodyear Silents (deaf semi-professional football), Akron Black Tyrites (Negro League), Akron Americans (International Hockey League), Akron Lightning (International Basketball League), the Akron Summit Assault USL Premier Development League (PDL), the fourth tier of the American Soccer Pyramid, and the Akron Wingfoots (National Basketball League), who won the first NBL Championship and the International Cup three times. The Akron Firestone Non-Skids (National Basketball League), later won the title consecutively, in 1939 and 1940. The historic Rubber Bowl was the home of the 1920 National Football League Championship winners, the Akron Professionals. {{clear}}Parks and recreationMajor parks in Akron include Lock 3, Firestone, Goodyear Heights, the F.A. Seiberling Nature Realm (or Naturealm), and part of the Cuyahoga Valley National Park. Several of the parks along on the locks of the canal. Lock 3 Park in downtown Akron is the city's hub for entertainment. It is commonly used as an outdoor amphitheater hosting live musical entertainment, festivals, and special events year-round. The park was created in the early 21st century to provide green space within the city of Akron. The Ohio and Erie Canal can still be seen flowing behind the stage where there was once a boat yard and dry dock. Later, a pottery factory stood there until the parking deck of the M. O'Neil Co. department store was built in the current location. More than 65,000 guests use the park for recreation annually. During Lock 3 Live, it holds concerts for almost every musical genre, including alternative, R&B, reggae, gospel, country, pop, jazz, and classic rock. Some festivals the park hosts throughout the year include Soap Box Derby opening ceremonies, firefighter competitions, charity events, tournaments, and animal events. From November through February, Lock 3 Park is transformed into an outdoor ice-skating rink.[52] Adjacent to the Derby Downs race hill is a 19,000-square-foot (1,800 m2) outdoor skatepark. The park features concrete ramps, including two bowls going as deep as 7 feet (2.1 m), a snake run, two hips, a stair set with handrail, many smaller quarter pipes and a variety of grind boxes. Positioned just a few feet from the Akron Skatepark is a Pro BMX course where organized races are often held in the warmer months. Akron residents can enjoy various ice skating activities year round at the historic Akron Ice House. The Ohio and Erie Canal Towpath Trail is a regional bike and hike trail that follows the canal. A bridge was completed in 2008, crossing Route 59/The Innerbelt, which connects the towpath proper with bike routes painted onto streets downtown, thus completing another step toward the connection of Cleveland and East Liverpool with a hike and bike trail.{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} The State of Ohio plans to reconstruct the trail which once ran completely through Ohio, to New Philadelphia from Cleveland. The trail features a floating observation deck section over Summit Lake. It is a popular tourist attraction, as it attracts over 2 million visits annually.[118][53][120] The Portage Hike and Bike Trail, when fully complete, will connect with the hike and bike trails in the county.[54] Media{{See also|:Template:Akron Radio|l1=Akron Radio}}Akron is served in print by the daily Akron Beacon Journal, formerly the flagship newspaper of the Knight Newspapers chain; the weekly "The Akron Reporter"; and the weekly West Side Leader newspapers and the monthly magazine Akron Life. The Buchtelite newspaper is published by the University of Akron.[122] Akron is less than {{convert|40|mi|km}} from Cleveland and forms part of the Cleveland-Akron (Canton) media market, the 18th largest market in the U.S.[123] However, WAOH-CD, WEAO (PBS), WVPX (ION), and WBNX-TV (independent) are licensed to Akron. WAOH and WEAO serve the city of Akron specifically, while WBNX and WVPX identify themselves as Akron/Cleveland, serving the entire Northeast Ohio market. Akron has no native news broadcast, having lost its only news station when the former WAKC became WVPX in 1996. WVPX and Cleveland's WKYC later provided a joint news program, which was cancelled in 2005.[124][125] On the radio side, Akron is served by WZIP 88.1 (Top 40 / College – University of Akron), WAPS 91.3 (Varied formats: local artists, modern rock, Album Adult Alternative), WAKR 1590 (News/talk/sports), WKDD 98.1 (Adult contemporary), WHLO 640 (News/talk), WJMP 1520 (Silent), WKSU 89.7 (National Public Radio and Classical music, operated from the campus of Kent State University), WONE 97.5 (Classic rock), WNIR-FM 100.1 (News/talk), WSTB 88.9 (Alternative), WARF 1350 (Fox Sports Radio), WQMX 94.9 (Country), WRQK 106.9 (Rock), and WHOF 101.7 (AC). EconomyMany industries in the United States either began or were influenced by the city. After beginning the tire and rubber industry during the 20th century with the founding of Goodrich, Firestone, General Tire, also the Goodyear merger with The Kelly-Springfield Tire Company gained the status of "Rubber Capital of the World". Akron has won economic awards such as for City Livability and All-American City, and deemed a high tech have greatly contributing to the Information Age.[126] Current Fortune 500 companies headquartered in the city include the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company and FirstEnergy. In addition, the city is the headquarters to a number of other notable companies such as GOJO, Advanced Elastomer Systems, Myers Industries, Acme Fresh Market and Sterling Jewelers. Goodyear, America's biggest tire manufacturer and the fifth-largest private employer in Summit County,[127] recently built a new world headquarters in the city. The project, Akron Riverwalk, will feature a large retail and commercial development area.[128] The project began in 2007, but was put on hold because of the financial crisis of 2007–2010, and is now continuing.[55] Bridgestone built a new technical center with state-of-the-art R&D labs, and moved its product development operations to the new facility in early 2012.[130][131] The Eastern Ohio Division of KeyBank, which has six branches in the city, built a regional headquarters downtown.[56] The city has a free WiFi corridor centered in downtown. Neighborhoods in range include Goodyear Heights, East Akron, North Hill, Firestone Park, Kenmore, and West Akron.[133] Polymer ValleyNortheast Ohio's Polymer Valley is centered in Akron. The area holds forty-five percent of the state's polymer industries, with the oldest dating to the 19th century. During the 1980s and 1990s, an influx of new polymer companies came to the region.[57] In 2001, more than 400 companies manufactured polymer-based materials in the region. Many University of Akron scientists became world-renowned for their research done at the Goodyear Polymer Center.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} The first College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering was begun by the university. In 2010, the National Polymer Innovation Center opened on campus. HospitalsAkron has designated an area called the Biomedical Corridor, aimed at luring health-related ventures to the region. It encompasses {{convert|1240|acre|km2}} of private and publicly owned land, bounded by Akron General on the west and Akron City on the east, and also includes Akron Children's near the district's center with the former Saint Thomas Hospital to the north of its northern boundaries.[58] Since its start in 2006, the corridor added the headquarters of companies such as Akron Polymer Systems.[137] Akron's adult hospitals are owned by two health systems, Summa Health System and Akron General Health System. Summa Health System operates Akron City Hospital and the former St. Thomas Hospital, which in 2008 were recognized for the 11th consecutive year as one of "America's Best Hospitals" by U.S. News & World Report.[138][139] Summa is recognized as having one of the best orthopaedics programs in the nation with a ranking of 28th.[140] Akron General Health in affiliation with the Cleveland Clinic operates Akron General Medical Center, which in 2009, was recognized as one of "America's Best Hospitals" by U.S. News & World Report.[59][142] Akron Children's Hospital is an independent entity that specializes in pediatric care and burn care.[143] In 1974, Dr. Howard Igel and Dr. Aaron Freeman successfully grew human skin in a lab to treat burn victims, making Akron Children's Hospital the first hospital in the world to achieve such a feat.[144] Akron City and Akron General hospitals are designated Level I Trauma Centers. Top employersAccording to the City's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[60] the principal employers in the city are:
Government and politics{{See also|List of mayors of Akron, Ohio|List of Akron politicians}}The mayor of Akron is elected in a citywide vote. In 2016, the city elected its 62nd mayor. The city is divided into 10 wards, each elect a member to the Akron City Council, while an additional 3 are elected at large. The mayor's cabinet currently consist of directors and deputy directors of administration, communications, community relations, economic development, intergovernmental relations, labor relations, law, planning & urban development, planning director – deputy, public safety, and public service.[61] The city adopted a new charter of the commissioner manager type in 1920, but reverted to its old form in 1924. The current mayor is Dan Horrigan. Longtime Akron Mayor Don Plusquellic announced on May 8, 2015, that he would resign on May 31 after 28 years as mayor and 41 years of service to the city.[62][63] On May 31, 2015, Garry Moneypenny was sworn in as the new mayor at East High School. Monrypenny was former Chief Deputy and Assistant Sheriff of the Summit County Sheriff's Department, former Springfield Township Police Department Chief of Police,[64] and former Akron City Council President.[63] On June 5, 2015, less than a week after he took office, Mayor Moneypenny announced he would not run for a full term because of inappropriate contact with a city employee.[65] Three days later, Moneypenny announced he would resign effective at midnight on June 10. Council president Jeff Fusco assumed the duties of mayor on June 11, 2015. Fusco ran for and was elected to an at-large council seat, rather than seeking a full term as mayor. Fusco also announced he would temporarily step down as Chair of the Summit County Democratic Party, because the city charter calls for the Mayor to devote his full attention to the city.[66] As of July 1, 2015, three Democrats and one Republican were running for Mayor of Akron. The Democratic candidates were Summit County Clerk of Courts and former ward 4 Councilman Dan Horrigan; at-large Councilman Mike Williams; and Summit County Councilman Frank Communale. Horrigan won the Democratic primary, held on September 8. In the general election, he faced the lone GOP candidate, Eddie Sipplin, an African-American criminal defense attorney.[67] On November 3, 2015, Horrigan was elected as the 62nd mayor of the city of Akron. He took office on January 1, 2016. The current members of City Council are:
Humanitarian affairs{{See also|City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health}}Aside from city founder, Simon Perkins, negotiating a treaty with Native Americans to establish a mail route from the Connecticut Western Reserve to Detroit in 1807, others partook in historic humanitarian affairs in Akron. Aside from being part of the Underground Railroad, when active, John Brown was a resident, today having two landmarks (John Brown House) and the (John Brown Monument) dedicated to him. During the 1851 Women's Rights Convention, Sojourner Truth delivered her speech entitled "Ain't I A Woman?". In 1905, a statue of an Indian named Unk was erected on Portage Path, which was part of the effective western boundary of the White and Native American lands from 1785 to 1805.[157] The Summit County chapter of the Ku Klux Klan reported having 50,000 members, making it the largest local chapter in the country during the 20th century. At some point the sheriff, county officials, mayor of Akron, judges, county commissioners, and most members of Akron's school board were members. The Klan's influence in the city's politics eventually ended after Wendell Willkie, arrived and challenged them.[158] Race took part in two of Akron's major riots, the Riot of 1900 and the Wooster Ave. Riots of 1968. Others giving speeches on race, in the city include W. E. B. Du Bois (1920)[8] and President Bill Clinton (1997).[9] In 1971, Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc. was founded in Akron by the Eta Tau Lambda chapter, with James R. Williams as chairman. The centerpiece, Henry Arthur Callis Tower, is located in the Channelwood Village area of the city. In 2008, 91-year-old Akron native, Addie Polk, became the poster child of the financial crisis of 2007–2010, after shooting herself.[161] Demographics{{US Census population|1840= 1664 |1850= 3266 |1860= 3477 |1870= 10006 |1880= 16512 |1890= 27601 |1900= 42728 |1910= 69067 |1920= 208435 |1930= 255040 |1940= 244791 |1950= 274605 |1960= 290351 |1970= 275425 |1980= 237177 |1990= 223019 |2000= 217074 |2010= 199110 |estyear=2017 |estimate=197846 |estref=[70] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[71] }} According to census data from 2010–2014, the median income for a household in the city was $34,139. The per capita income for the city was $17,596. About 26.7% of persons were in poverty.[72] Akron has a metropolitan population of 703,203 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Akron is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton Combined Statistical Area, which was the 15th largest in the country with a population of over 3.5 million according to the 2010 Census. 2010 censusAs of the census[73] of 2010, there were 199,110 people, 83,712 households, and 47,084 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|3209.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 96,288 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1552.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 62.2% White, 31.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.1% Asian, 0.8% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.1% of the population. Non-Hispanic Whites were 61.2% of the population,[74] down from 81.0% in 1970.[75] There were 83,712 households, of which 28.8% had children under age 18 living with them, 31.3% were married couples living together, 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.8% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.98. The median age in the city was 35.7 years. 22.9% of residents were under age 18; 12.4% were between 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 25.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. {{Clear}}Education{{See also|Category:Education in Akron, Ohio|List of University of Akron people}}Preschool, elementary, and secondary education is mainly provided by the Akron City School District. Planning of the district began in 1840, when Ansel Miller suggested to build free public schools for all children in the city, paid for by property taxes. After enduring much opposition by citizens, in 1843 Miller joined with Rev. Isaac Jennings. Three years later, Jennings became the chairman of a committee of citizens who discussed how to improve the school system. On November 21, 1846, their plan was approved unanimously by the citizens. The Ohio Legislature adopted the plan, called "An act for the support and better regulation of the Common Schools of the Town of Akron" on February 8, 1847. Akron's first public schools were established in the fall of 1847 and were led by Mortimer Leggett. The first annual report showed that it cost less than $2 a year to educate a child. In 1857 the cost of running the schools for a year was $4,200. The primary schools were taught by young women, which the Akron Board of Education justified because they could be paid less and were under the supervision of a male superintendent. From 1877 to 1952, Akron graduated students semi-annually instead of annually. 9% of the city's school-aged population were born in other countries in 1888. In the 1920s, an Americanization program was designed to help the many Akron students who were first-generation Americans. Classes were in the rubber companies and some of the schools. A "continuation school" began for working boys and girls who were required by law to have at least four hours of schooling a week. In 1924, Akron's platoon schools attracted visitors from all over the country. Being a stronghold for the Ku Klux Klan during the decade, the majority of school board and government officials were members. Their influence ended with the arrival of Wendell Willkie. During the city's 1950s boom town phase, Akron schools grew eight times faster than the city's population. In 1967, Kenmore launched the Air Force JROTC. In 1971, Jennings piloted the middle school model, which moved ninth-graders to the senior high school. In 1984, all-day kindergarten was piloted at Seiberling, Rankin and Hatton schools, and Ellet, East and Garfield high schools piloted the in-school suspension program. The district received an A+ evaluation from the state in 1987.[76] The city is home to the University of Akron, which the Princeton Review listed among the Best in the Midwest, in 2008.[77] Originally Buchtel College, the school is home of the Goodyear Polymer Center and the National Polymer Innovation Center.[78] All Akron Public Schools are currently going through a 15-year, $800 million rebuilding process.[172] In recent times the city's schools have been moved from "Academic Watch" to "Continuous Improvement" by the Ohio Department of Education.[173] Akron also has many private, parochial and charter schools. Akron Public Schools made headlines in 2004 when a freshman student of Akron Digital Academy, the district's own online charter school, was not allowed to participate in extracurricular activities, an event later covered and satirized by The Daily Show. National Basketball Association player LeBron James attended St. Vincent–St. Mary High School. TransportationAirportsThe primary terminal that airline passengers traveling to or from Akron use is the Akron-Canton Regional Airport, serving nearly 2 million passengers a year. The Akron-Canton Airport is a commercial Class C airport located in the city of Green,[79] roughly {{convert|10|mi|0|abbr=on}} southeast of Akron operated jointly by Stark and Summit counties. It serves as an alternative for travelers to or from the Cleveland area as well. Akron Fulton International Airport is a general aviation airport located in and owned by the City of Akron that serves private planes. It first opened in 1929 and has operated in several different capacities since then. The airport had commercial scheduled airline service until the 1950s and it is now used for both cargo and private planes.[175] It is home of the Lockheed Martin Airdock, where the Goodyear airships, dirigibles, and blimps were originally stored and maintained. The Goodyear blimps are now housed outside of Akron in a facility on the shores of Wingfoot Lake in nearby Suffield Township. Railroads{{main|Akron Northside station}}Akron Northside Station is a train station at 27 Ridge Street along the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad.[176] Because of the city's large rubber industry, Akron was once served by a variety of railroads that competed for the city's freight and passenger business. The largest were the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Erie Railroad, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Smaller regional railroads included the Akron, Canton, and Youngstown Railroad, Northern Ohio Railway, and the Akron Barberton Belt Railroad.[80]{{page needed|date=August 2015}} Today, the city is only served by CSX Corporation. There is currently no passenger rail transportation. Bus and public transportationPublic transportation is available through the METRO Regional Transit Authority system, whose fleet of over 200 buses and trolleys operates local routes and commuter buses into downtown Cleveland. Stark Area Regional Transit Authority (SARTA) also has a bus line running between Canton and Akron and the Portage Area Regional Transportation Authority (PARTA) runs an express route connecting the University of Akron with Kent State University.[178] Metro RTA operates out of the Robert K. Pfaff Transit Center on South Broadway Street. This facility, which opened in 2009, also houses inter-city bus transportation available through Greyhound Lines.[179] FreewaysAkron is served by two major interstate highways that bisect the city. Unlike other cities, the bisection does not occur in the Central Business District, nor do the interstates serve downtown; rather, the Akron Innerbelt and to a lesser extent Ohio State Route 8 serve these functions.
Crime{{Main|Crime history of Akron, Ohio}}In 1999, Akron ranked as the 94th most dangerous city and the 229th safest, on the 7th Morgan Quitno list.[81] Preliminary Ohio crime statistics show aggravated assaults increased by 45% during 2007.[183] Akron became the first city in the United States to train and equip officers with the CornerShot, to aid them in fighting crime.[184] The city invented the first patrol cars to assist officers. Historically, organized crime operated in the city with the presence of the Black Hand led by Rosario Borgio, once headquartered on the city's north side in the first decade of the 20th century{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} and the Walker-Mitchell mob, of which Pretty Boy Floyd was a member.[82] Akron has experienced several riots in its history including, the Riot of 1900 and the Wooster Avenue Riots of 1968. Methamphetamine historyThe distribution of methamphetamine ("meth") in Akron greatly contributed to Summit County becoming known as the "Meth Capital of Ohio". The county ranks third in the nation in the number of registered meth sites.[186] During the 1990s, motorcycle gang the Hells Angels sold the drug from bars frequented by members.[83] Between January 2004 and August 2009, the city had significantly more registered sites than any other city in the state.[188] Authorities believe a disruption of a major Mexican meth operation attributed to the increase of it being made locally.[189] In 2007, APD received a grant to help continue its work with other agencies and jurisdictions to support them in ridding the city of meth labs.[190] The Akron Police Department coordinates with the Summit County Drug Unit and the Drug Enforcement Administration, forming the Clandestine Methamphetamine Laboratory Response Team.[84] Notable people{{unreferenced section|day=June 2016|date=June 2016}}{{Main|List of people from Akron, Ohio}}Akron has produced and been home to a number of notable individuals in varying fields. Its natives and residents are called "Akronites". The first postmaster of the Connecticut Western Reserve and president of its bank, General Simon Perkins, co-founded Akron in 1825. His son, Colonel Simon Perkins, while living in Akron during the same time as abolitionist John Brown, went into business with Brown. Wendell Willkie, the Republican nominee for president in 1940, worked in Akron as a lawyer for Firestone. Pioneering televangelist Rex Humbard rose to prominence in Akron. Beacon Journal publisher John S. Knight ran the national Knight Newspapers chain from Akron. Broadcaster Hugh Downs was born in Akron. In the mid- to late 1940s, pioneering rock 'n' roll DJ Alan Freed was musical director at Akron's WAKR. Watergate figure John Dean was born in Akron. Noted athletes to have come from Akron include National Basketball Association MVPs LeBron James and Stephen Curry, Basketball Hall of Famers Gus "Honeycomb" Johnson and Nate "The Great" Thurmond, Major League Baseball player Thurman Munson, International Boxing Hall of Famer Gorilla Jones, Houston Texans linebacker Whitney Mercilus, former Northwestern University and Notre Dame coach Ara Parseghian, and Butch Reynolds, former world record holder in the 400 meter dash. Former NFL linebacker James Harrison was born in Akron, as was current Tennessee Titans head coach, Mike Vrabel. Performing artists to come from Akron include bands such as Ruby and the Romantics, Devo, The Black Keys, The Cramps whose lead singer, Lux Interior, was a native of the town, rapper Ampichino, The Waitresses, and 1964 the Tribute; Singers Vaughn Monroe, Chrissie Hynde lead singer and main composer with British New Wave band The Pretenders, James Ingram, Joseph Arthur, Jani Lane, Rachel Sweet and outlaw country singer David Allan Coe; Actors Frank Dicopoulos, David McLean, Melina Kanakaredes, Elizabeth Franz, William Boyett, Lola Albright and Jesse White. Clark Gable and John Lithgow also lived in Akron. Poet Rita Dove was born and grew up in Akron. She went on to become the first African-American United States Poet Laureate. Many of her poems are about or take place in Akron, foremost among them Thomas and Beulah, which earned her the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for poetry. Owner of over 400 patents, native Stanford R. Ovshinsky invented the widely used nickel-metal hydride battery. Richard Smalley, winner of a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering buckminsterfullerene (buckyballs) was born in the city during 1943. Another native, the second U.S. female astronaut in space, Judith Resnik, died in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster and has the Resnik Moon crater named in her honor. Carol Folt, the 11th chancellor and 29th chief executive, of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was born in Akron in 1951. She was previously provost (chief academic officer) and interim president of Dartmouth College. She assumed her duties on July 1, 2013, and is the first woman to lead UNC. The philosopher and logician Willard van Orman Quine was born and grew up in Akron. Sister citiesAkron, as of 2015, has two sister cities:[85]
References1. ^{{cite web|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files: Places|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2010_place_list_39.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 9, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904115318/http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2010_place_list_39.txt|archivedate=September 4, 2015|df=mdy-all}} [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]2. ^{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk|accessdate=Jun 17, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129212537/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk|archivedate=January 29, 2017|df=mdy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=October 25, 2007|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65jET5cdV?url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/|archivedate=February 26, 2012|df=mdy-all}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.akronhistory.org/butler_clay_products.htm|title=Butler: Clay Products|date=|publisher=Akronhistory.org|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623213411/http://www.akronhistory.org/butler_clay_products.htm|archivedate=June 23, 2012|deadurl=yes|accessdate=September 9, 2012|df=mdy}} 5. ^1 {{Cite journal|author1=Howe|first1=Henry|year=1896|title=Historical collections of Ohio: An encyclopedia of the state: History both general and local, geography with descriptions of its counties, cities and villages, its agricultural, manufacturing, mining and business development, sketches of eminent and interesting characters, etc., with notes of a tour over it in 1886|url=https://books.google.com/?id=HxsWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA631&lpg=PA631&dq=Paul+Williams+founder+akron+ohio#v=onepage&q=Paul%20Williams%20founder%20akron%20ohio&f=false}} 6. ^{{Cite book|last1=Giffin|first1=William|title=African Americans and the Color Line in Ohio, 1915–1930|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Z2MCDFaRcD0C&pg=PA210&lpg=PA210&dq=United+Negro+Improvement+Association+(UNIA)+was+founded+in+Akron#v=onepage&q=United%20Negro%20Improvement%20Association%20(UNIA)%20was%20founded%20in%20Akron&f=false |publisher=Thompson Shore, Inc.|accessdate=|isbn=9780814210031|year=2005|page = 210|via = Google Books}} 7. ^{{LSJ|a)/kron|ἄκρον|ref}}. 8. ^{{cite web|title=Akron's Historic Timeline: 1800–1849|url=http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/2cdaf98b9523ff5c/index.html|publisher=City of Akron|accessdate=June 9, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607103741/http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/2cdaf98b9523ff5c/index.html|archivedate=June 7, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1508 |title=Akron School Law |publisher=Ohio History Central |date= |accessdate= 6 February 2019}} 10. ^{{cite web |author=Ben Cahoon |url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_Mayors.html#Akron |title=Mayors of U.S. Cities A-L: Akron |publisher=Worldstatesmen.org |date= |accessdate= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821001305/http://www.worldstatesmen.org/US_Mayors.html#Akron |archivedate=August 21, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 11. ^{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=eYNjS56yx-0C&pg=PA185 |title=When Church Became Theatre: The Transformation of Evangelical Architecture and Worship in Nineteenth-Century America|first= Jeanne Halgren|last = Kilde|publisher= Oxford University Press|date= 2005|isbn = 978-0-19-517972-9|page =185}} 12. ^http://omp.ohiolink.edu/OMP/NewDetails?oid=955184&scrapid=566&format=yourscrap&sort=title&searchstatus=0&count=1&hits=1{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/history/Riot_1900.htm |title=Akron Ohio History: 1900 Riot |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215182049/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/history/Riot_1900.htm |archivedate=February 15, 2012 }} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.goodyear.com/corporate/history/history_overview.html |title=Goodyear Corporate || Historic Overview |publisher=Goodyear.com |accessdate=April 3, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090409024843/http://goodyear.com/corporate/history/history_overview.html| archivedate= April 9, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.generaltire.com/generaltire/ |title=General Tire * Our Company |publisher=Generaltire.com |date=March 23, 2009 |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301152422/http://www.generaltire.com/generaltire/ |archivedate=March 1, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.summitmemory.org/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOBOX1=William&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOOP2=all&CISOBOX2=postcards&CISOFIELD2=subjec&CISOROOT=all&t=s |title=CONTENTdm Collection |publisher=Summitmemory.org |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120085421/http://www.summitmemory.org/cdm4/results.php?CISOOP1=any&CISOBOX1=William&CISOFIELD1=CISOSEARCHALL&CISOOP2=all&CISOBOX2=postcards&CISOFIELD2=subjec&CISOROOT=all&t=s |archivedate=January 20, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} 17. ^ {{Dead link|date=September 2012}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://ci.akron.oh.us/planning/cp/neighborhoods/FirestonePark.pdf |title=Firestone Park |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220033031/http://ci.akron.oh.us/planning/cp/neighborhoods/FirestonePark.pdf |archivedate=February 20, 2012 }} 19. ^{{cite web|last = Akron-Summit County Public Library|first = Summit Memory|title = Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation, Facts About the World's Largest Airship Factory & Dock|url = http://www.summitmemory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/fulton&CISOPTR=97&CISOSHOW=93|accessdate = November 15, 2008|deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090418022205/http://www.summitmemory.org/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Ffulton&CISOPTR=97&CISOSHOW=93|archivedate = April 18, 2009|df = mdy-all}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Charles_Arthur_%27Pretty_Boy%27_Floyd |title=Charles Arthur 'Pretty Boy' Floyd |publisher=Ngeorgia.com |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513045345/http://ngeorgia.com/ang/Charles_Arthur_'Pretty_Boy'_Floyd |archivedate=May 13, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=461 |title=Akron Rubber Strike of 1936 – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society |publisher=Ohio History Central |date=July 1, 2005 |accessdate=September 9, 2012}} 22. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2001/04/29/a-new-brand-of-tech-cities.html|title=A New Brand Of Tech Cities – Newsweek and The Daily Beast|date=April 29, 2001|publisher=Newsweek.com|accessdate=September 9, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126150813/http://www.newsweek.com/2001/04/29/a-new-brand-of-tech-cities.html|archivedate=November 26, 2010|df=mdy-all}} 23. ^{{cite news|last1=Downing|first1=Bob|title=EPA begins new review of Superfund cleanup at Akron's Summit Equipment|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/local/epa-begins-new-review-of-superfund-cleanup-at-akron-s-summit-equipment-1.356906|agency=Beacon Journal|publisher=Ohio.com|date=December 10, 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102221215/http://www.ohio.com/news/local/epa-begins-new-review-of-superfund-cleanup-at-akron-s-summit-equipment-1.356906|archivedate=January 2, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Harper|first1=John|title=When PCBs, heavy metal spewed from smokestacks in southwest Akron: Toxic Remains|url=http://www.cleveland.com/akron/index.ssf/2015/12/when_pcbs_and_heavy_metal_spew.html|accessdate=December 31, 2015|publisher=Cleveland.com|date=December 28, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231042745/http://www.cleveland.com/akron/index.ssf/2015/12/when_pcbs_and_heavy_metal_spew.html|archivedate=December 31, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=SUMMIT EQUIPMENT & SUPPLIES INCORPORATION|url=http://www3.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/sas_sites/OHD055523401.html|website=epa.gov|publisher=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102221216/http://www3.epa.gov/region5/superfund/npl/sas_sites/OHD055523401.html|archivedate=January 2, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/2010_place_list_39.txt |title=2010 Census U.S. Gazetteer Files for Places – Ohio |publisher=United States Census |accessdate=October 19, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://timetravel.mementoweb.org/memento/2010/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/2010_place_list_39.txt |archivedate=May 4, 2017 |df=mdy }} 27. ^{{vcite web |title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |author=United States Department of Agriculture |publisher=United States National Arboretum |url=http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-ne1.html |accessdate=February 19, 2015 |authorlink=United States Department of Agriculture |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303152208/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-ne1.html |archivedate=March 3, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 28. ^{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00014895.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: OH AKRON CANTON RGNL AP |accessdate=February 21, 2015 |df=mdy-all }} 29. ^{{cite press release|title=Akron Named Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation|date=April 17, 2009|publisher=City of Akron|url=http://ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2009/0417.htm|accessdate=June 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927151804/http://ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2009/0417.htm|archivedate=September 27, 2011}} 30. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=eYNjS56yx-0C&pg=PA269&dq=John+Fletcher+Hurst+- When Church Became Theatre: The Transformation of Evangelical Architecture and Worship in Nineteenth-Century America]. Jeanne Halgren Kilde. Oxford University Press, 2005. {{ISBN|0-19-517972-2}}. p.185 31. ^1 FirstMerit Restoration, {{cite web|url=http://www.westerngroup.com/servicesAndProjects/structures/officeCommercial.jspx?fileName%3D1120493926173-106-04-01.jpg%26id%3D245 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=September 6, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060311053532/http://www.westerngroup.com/servicesAndProjects/structures/officeCommercial.jspx?fileName=1120493926173-106-04-01.jpg&id=245 |archivedate=March 11, 2006 }} 32. ^{{cite news|title=Scraping the Sky|work=Beacon Journal|publisher=Knight-Ridder|page=Beacon Magazine 13|date=March 14, 1999}} 33. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.akronartmuseum.org/photos/details.php?catid=40&unid=511 |title=Akron Art Museum – Building the Akron Art Museum |publisher=Akronartmuseum.org |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120085430/http://akronartmuseum.org/photos/details.php?catid=40&unid=511 |archivedate=January 20, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.akronartmuseum.org/photos/details.php?catid=40&unid=502 |title=Akron Art Museum – Building the Akron Art Museum |publisher=Akronartmuseum.org |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120085436/http://akronartmuseum.org/photos/details.php?catid=40&unid=502 |archivedate=January 20, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} 35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.akronartmuseum.org/photos/details.php?catid=40&unid=526 |title=Akron Art Museum – Building the Akron Art Museum |publisher=Akronartmuseum.org |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120085423/http://akronartmuseum.org/photos/details.php?catid=40&unid=526 |archivedate=January 20, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/news_releases/2005/0325.html |title=Akron: News Releases 2005: Mayor Brings $2 Million to Weekly News Conference |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |date=March 25, 2005 |accessdate=January 19, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050904073936/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2005/0325.html |archivedate=September 4, 2005 }} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.screenhead.com/reviews/dance-girl-dance-lucys-ball-of-fun-on-dvd/ |title=Dance, Girl, Dance – Lucy's Ball of Fun on DVD – Movies, Reviews and More |publisher=Screenhead.com |accessdate=January 18, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201181232/http://www.screenhead.com/reviews/dance-girl-dance-lucys-ball-of-fun-on-dvd/ |archivedate=December 1, 2008 }} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.twiztv.com/scripts/prisonbreak/season2/prisonbreak-215.htm |title=Prison Break | Episode 2–15 Transcript | The Message |publisher=Twiztv.com |date=January 29, 2007 |accessdate=January 21, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100102070411/http://twiztv.com/scripts/prisonbreak/season2/prisonbreak-215.htm| archivedate= January 2, 2010 | deadurl= no}} 39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hollywood.com/movie/All_the_Marbles/226160 |title=All the Marbles 1981 | Movie Trailer, Reviews, Photos, Cast |publisher=Hollywood.com |accessdate=January 19, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429043147/http://www.hollywood.com/movie/All_the_Marbles/226160 |archivedate=April 29, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 40. ^{{cite news |author=A. O. Scott |authorlink=A. O. Scott |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/2009/10/02/movies/02more.html |title=Movie Review – More Than a Game – Akron's Little Dribblers Who Became Big Shots |publisher=Movies.nytimes.com |date=October 2, 2009 |accessdate=January 19, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006023113/http://movies.nytimes.com/2009/10/02/movies/02more.html |archivedate=October 6, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 41. ^{{cite web |url=https://tv.yahoo.com/the-virgin-of-akron-ohio/show/40719/castcrew |title=The Virgin of Akron, Ohio Television show – The Virgin of Akron, Ohio TV Show – Yahoo! TV |publisher=Tv.yahoo.com |accessdate=March 26, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615054745/http://tv.yahoo.com/the-virgin-of-akron-ohio/show/40719/castcrew |archivedate=June 15, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.salon.com/books/review/2005/05/06/miller/ |title="The Coast of Akron" by Adrienne Miller |accessdate=February 2, 2010 |last=Traister |first=Rebecca |date=May 6, 2005 |work=Salon |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605015055/http://www.salon.com/books/review/2005/05/06/miller/ |archivedate=June 5, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20040926l4.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606005906/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fm20040926l4.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |title=The Black Keys: "Rubber Factory" |accessdate=March 4, 2010 }} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/news_releases/2006/0407b.htm |title=City of Akron: News Releases 2006: America's 1st National Hamburger Festival |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |date=April 7, 2006 |accessdate=January 21, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070808002209/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2006/0407b.htm |archivedate=August 8, 2007 }} 45. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hoppinfrog.com/news/hoppin-frog-on-list-of-worlds-top-brewers/ |title=Hoppin' Frog on list of world's top brewers | Hoppin' Frog Brewery |publisher=Hoppinfrog.com |date=February 10, 2010 |accessdate=March 22, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224092929/http://www.hoppinfrog.com/news/hoppin-frog-on-list-of-worlds-top-brewers/ |archivedate=February 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }} 46. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.menchesbros.net/ |title=American Food & American Restaurant – Hamburgers | Uniontown, OH |publisher=Menchesbros.net |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310084443/http://menchesbros.net/ |archivedate=March 10, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/food-feuds-2010/episode-8-season-1/beef-feuds/307609 |title=Food Feuds Episode Guide 2010 Season 1 – Beef Feuds, Episode 8 |publisher=TVGuide.com |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20121019154525/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/food-feuds-2010/episode-8-season-1/beef-feuds/307609 |archivedate= October 19, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} 48. ^{{cite book | url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/search-inside/sign-in?asin=0674008847&query=devil | title=Dictionary of American Regional English | author=Hall, Joan Houston | year=2003 | isbn=978-0674008847 | page=38 | quote="It may be called the devil's strip in Akron..."}} 49. ^{{cite web|author=Akron Marathon |url=http://www.ohiooutside.com/780/popularity-increased-registration-make-road-runner-akron-marathon-cap-registration |title=Popularity, increased registration make Road Runner Akron Marathon Cap |publisher=Ohiooutside.com |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302174802/http://www.ohiooutside.com/780/popularity-increased-registration-make-road-runner-akron-marathon-cap-registration |archivedate=March 2, 2012 }} 50. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/112492234.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101003320/http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/112492234.html |archivedate=January 1, 2011 |title=Mighty mud maidens}} 51. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nba.com/cavaliers/news/LBJ_Bikeathon_060605.html |title=Cavaliers: NBA Stars Join LeBron's King for Kids Bikeathon |publisher=NBA |accessdate=May 4, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103133057/http://www.nba.com/cavaliers/news/LBJ_Bikeathon_060605.html |archivedate=January 3, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 52. ^{{cite web|url=http://events.ohio.com/akron-oh/venues/show/65611-lock-3-live-park# |title=Lock 3 Live! Park In Akron, Ohio |publisher=Events.ohio.com |accessdate=April 3, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090221070947/http://events.ohio.com/akron-oh/venues/show/65611-lock-3-live-park| archivedate= February 21, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohiobikeways.net/erietowpath.htm |title=Ohio & Erie Canal Towpath Trail |publisher=Ohiobikeways.net |accessdate=April 3, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090329151557/http://www.ohiobikeways.net/erietowpath.htm| archivedate= March 29, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 54. ^{{cite web|title= The Portage Hike and Bike|url= http://www.portageparkdistrict.org/portage.htm|work= PortageParkDistrict.com|publisher= Portage Park District|accessdate= October 4, 2009|deadurl= no|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090412054313/http://www.portageparkdistrict.org/portage.htm|archivedate= April 12, 2009|df= mdy-all}}See also map link 55. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ohio.com/business/112051484.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220035818/http://www.ohio.com/business/112051484.html |archivedate=December 20, 2010 |title=Goodyear's headquarters moving along}} 56. ^{{cite web|last=Lin |first=Betty |url=http://www.securityinfowatch.com/Financial/1311664?pageNum=3 |title=KeyBank breaks ground on Akron, Ohio office building | |publisher=Securityinfowatch.com |date=May 26, 2009 |accessdate=January 2, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716031622/http://www.securityinfowatch.com/Financial/1311664?pageNum=3 |archivedate=July 16, 2011 }} 57. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1723 |title=Polymer Valley – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society |publisher=Ohio History Central |date=July 1, 2005 |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927022648/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1723 |archivedate=September 27, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} 58. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/82520807.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615141407/http://www.ohio.com/news/82520807.html |archivedate=June 15, 2011 |title=Akron's biomedical corridor taking shape}} 59. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.akrongeneral.org/portal/page?_pageid=153,166999&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |title=Akron General Medical Center |publisher=Akron General |date=September 22, 2008 |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013104552/http://www.akrongeneral.org/portal/page?_pageid=153,166999&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archivedate=October 13, 2008 |df=mdy-all }} 60. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/resource_library/files/86b706112a4655dd/city_of_akron_2017_cafr_final.pdf |title=City of Akron CAFR |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=March 10, 2019 61. ^{{cite web|url=http://ci.akron.oh.us/mayor/cabinet.htm |title=Akron: Office of the Mayor: Cabinet Members |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831143011/http://ci.akron.oh.us/mayor/cabinet.htm |archivedate=August 31, 2012 }} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/city_of_akron/index.html|title=City of Akron : City of Akron|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123155117/http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/city_of_akron/index.html|archivedate=November 23, 2013|df=mdy-all}} 63. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/akron-mayor-don-plusquellic-abruptly-announces-his-resignation-blames-the-beacon-journal-1.590486|title=Akron Mayor Don Plusquellic abruptly announces his resignation, blames the Beacon Journal|first=Stephanie Warsmith and Betty|last=Lin-Fisher|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511221410/http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/akron-mayor-don-plusquellic-abruptly-announces-his-resignation-blames-the-beacon-journal-1.590486|archivedate=May 11, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 64. ^{{cite web|title=Garry Moneypenny sworn in as Akron's 60th mayor at East High School, talks on past and future of city|url=http://www.cleveland.com/akron/index.ssf/2015/05/garry_moneypenny_sworn_in_as_a.html|date=May 31, 2015|access-date=June 8, 2016|first1=John|last1=Harper|publisher=The Plain Dealer|work=cleveland.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045537/http://www.cleveland.com/akron/index.ssf/2015/05/garry_moneypenny_sworn_in_as_a.html|archivedate=March 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 65. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/politics/akron-mayor-garry-moneypenny-admits-to-inappropriate-contact-with-city-employee-says-he-will-not-resign-or-run-for-new-term-1.597674|title=Akron Mayor Garry Moneypenny admits to inappropriate contact with city employee; says he will not resign or run for new term|first=Marilyn Millerand Stephanie|last=Warsmith|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613070219/http://www.ohio.com/news/politics/akron-mayor-garry-moneypenny-admits-to-inappropriate-contact-with-city-employee-says-he-will-not-resign-or-run-for-new-term-1.597674|archivedate=June 13, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/politics/garry-moneypenny-resigns-as-akron-mayor-fusco-next-in-line-for-mayor-1.598572|title=Garry Moneypenny resigns as Akron mayor; Fusco next in line for mayor|first=Stephanie|last=Warsmith|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613080003/http://www.ohio.com/news/politics/garry-moneypenny-resigns-as-akron-mayor-fusco-next-in-line-for-mayor-1.598572|archivedate=June 13, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/six-democrats-and-1-republican-file-to-run-for-akron-mayor-familiar-names-file-for-akron-council-races-1.599130|title=Six Democrats and 1 Republican file to run for Akron mayor; familiar names file for Akron council races|first=Stephanie Warsmithand Paula|last=Schleis|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611041508/http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/six-democrats-and-1-republican-file-to-run-for-akron-mayor-familiar-names-file-for-akron-council-races-1.599130|archivedate=June 11, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/new-akron-ward-10-councilman-sworn-in-1.601319|title=New Akron Ward 10 councilman sworn in|first=System|last=Administrator|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618064736/http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/new-akron-ward-10-councilman-sworn-in-1.601319|archivedate=June 18, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ohio.com/news/break-news/akron-council-member-planning-director-argue-after-council-police-called-to-chamber-1.596582|title=Akron council member, planning director argue after meeting; police called to chamber|first=Stephanie|last=Warsmith|publisher=}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF|title=Population Estimates|accessdate=June 17, 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529192346/https://census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|archivedate=May 29, 2017|df=mdy-all}} 71. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=December 2, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=mdy }} 72. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/3901000|title=Population estimates, July 1, 2015, (V2015)|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411162339/http://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/3901000|archivedate=April 11, 2016|df=mdy-all}} 73. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 6, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/65WtHj6J5?url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|archivedate=February 17, 2012|df=mdy-all}} 74. ^{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39/3901000.html |title=Akron (city), Ohio |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212014913/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/39/3901000.html |archivedate=December 12, 2013 |df=mdy-all }} 75. ^{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69hd5KAIE?url=http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archivedate=August 6, 2012 |df= }} 76. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.akronschools.com/dotAsset/13842.pdf |title=History of the Akron Public Schools |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801222811/http://www.akronschools.com/dotAsset/13842.pdf |archivedate=August 1, 2012 |df=mdy-all }} 77. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ppg.com/en/newsroom/news/Pages/20090827.aspx |title=PPG Industries – PPG donates $5,000 to University of Akron |publisher=Corporateportal.ppg.com |date=August 27, 2009 |accessdate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513162037/http://www.ppg.com/en/newsroom/news/Pages/20090827.aspx |archivedate=May 13, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 78. ^{{cite web|url=http://plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=16599 |title=University of Akron breaks ground for $13 million polymer center |publisher=Plastics News |accessdate=October 1, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715092401/http://plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=16599 |archivedate=July 15, 2011 }} 79. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.akroncantonairport.com/uploads/CAK_WelcomePage_FINAL.pdf |archivedate=December 9, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209090219/http://www.akroncantonairport.com/uploads/CAK_WelcomePage_FINAL.pdf |title=Welcome to the Akron-Canton Airport!}} 80. ^{{Sanders-Akron}} 81. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.morganquitno.com/cit01dang.htm |title=Morgan Quitno's 7th Annual Safest City Award in Dangerous Rank Order |publisher=Morganquitno.com |date= |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728001541/http://www.morganquitno.com/cit01dang.htm |archivedate=July 28, 2012 }} 82. ^{{Cite book | url = https://books.google.com/?id=6ADHZnyv9FIC&lpg=PA35&dq=%22frank%20mitchell%22%20%22pretty%20boy%20floyd%22%20akron&pg=PA33#v=onepage&q=akron&f=false | title = The Life and Death of Pretty Boy Floyd | isbn = 978-0-87338-650-0 | author1 = King | first1 = Jeffery S | date = August 1, 1999}} 83. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov/ndic/pubs/659/meth.htm |title=Methamphetamine – Ohio Drug Threat Assessment |publisher=Justice.gov |date=June 15, 2012 |accessdate=September 9, 2012 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127124920/http://www.justice.gov/ndic///pubs/659/meth.htm |archivedate=November 27, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 84. ^ {{Dead link|date=September 2012}} 85. ^{{cite web|url=http://sistercities.org/interactive-map/Akron,%20Ohio |publisher=Sister Cities International |title=Akron, Ohio |accessdate=June 10, 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610180528/http://sistercities.org/interactive-map/Akron%2C%20Ohio |archivedate=June 10, 2015 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 86. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chemnitz.de/chemnitz/en/facets-of-a-charming-city/twin-cities/index.html|title=Twin cities — Chemnitz|work=chemnitz.de|date=|accessdate=November 25, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235009/http://www.chemnitz.de/chemnitz/en/facets-of-a-charming-city/twin-cities/index.html|archivedate=December 2, 2013|df=mdy-all}} 87. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/824853b8ae0c3880/index.html |title=Sister Cities: City of Akron |work=akronohio.gov |date= |accessdate=November 25, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203041830/http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/824853b8ae0c3880/index.html |archivedate=December 3, 2013 |df= }} 88. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.akronlibrary.org/digital-lib/DLH0002A.html |title=ASCPL Digital Exhibit |publisher=Akronlibrary.org |date=July 4, 1905 |accessdate=January 20, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918023243/http://akronlibrary.org/digital-lib/DLH0002A.html |archivedate=September 18, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 89. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ohioeriecanal.org/abouttowpath.html |title=About the Towpath Trail |publisher=Ohioeriecanal.org |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212170556/http://www.ohioeriecanal.org/abouttowpath.html |archivedate=February 12, 2009 |df=mdy }} 90. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/archawards/2005/akronart.html |title=Akron Art Museum |work=2005 American Architecture Awards |publisher=The Chicago Athenaeum |year=2005 |accessdate=January 5, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008221443/http://www.chi-athenaeum.org/archawards/2005/akronart.html |archivedate=October 8, 2009 }} 91. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.akronchildrens.org/cms/site/73139f80fa022ea8/index.html |title=Akron Children's Hospital : Why Akron Children's? |publisher=Akronchildrens.org |date=June 19, 2007 |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027081856/https://www.akronchildrens.org/cms/site/73139f80fa022ea8/index.html |archivedate=October 27, 2007 }} 92. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.partaonline.org/pdfs/Akron_Express.pdf|title= Akron Express|accessdate= March 14, 2009|work= PARTA Online|publisher= Portage Area Regional Transportation Authority|format= PDF|date= January 2009|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090306055105/http://www.partaonline.org/pdfs/Akron_Express.pdf|archivedate= March 6, 2009|deadurl= yes|df= mdy-all}} 93. ^1 {{cite web|last=Powell |first=Cheryl |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/50919842.html |title=Akron General earns honors |publisher=Ohio.com |accessdate=July 16, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615162539/http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/50919842.html |archivedate=June 15, 2011 }} 94. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.akroninnerbelt.org/noflash/history.php |title=Akron Innerbelt Integration Initiative – History |publisher=Akroninnerbelt.org |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210081745/http://www.akroninnerbelt.org/noflash/history.php |archivedate=February 10, 2006}} 95. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/1950-1999/index.html |title=Akron Ohio Historical Timeline 1950–1999 |publisher=City of Akron |accessdate= |deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622124301/http://www.akronohio.gov/cms/1950-1999/index.html |archivedate=22 June 2018 }} 96. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/ed/index.htm |title=Akron Ohio: Akron Ohio: Mayor's Office of Economic Development |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |accessdate=November 24, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090919004102/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/ed/index.htm |archivedate=September 19, 2009 }} 97. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.akronschools.com/about/info.html |title=Akron Public Schools General Information |accessdate=July 9, 2009 |publisher=Akron Public Schools | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080615153849/http://www.akronschools.com/about/info.html| archivedate = June 15, 2008}} 98. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://akronriverwalk.blogspot.com/ |title=Akron Riverwalk / The Bridge to Polymer Valley |publisher=Akronriverwalk.blogspot.com |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://timetravel.mementoweb.org/memento/2010/http://akronriverwalk.blogspot.com/ |archivedate=May 21, 2017 |df= }} 99. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityrating.com/cityweather.asp?city=Akron |title=Akron Weather History |publisher=CityRating.com |accessdate=April 3, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090429171507/http://cityrating.com/cityweather.asp?city=Akron| archivedate= April 29, 2009| deadurl= no}} 100. ^1 {{cite news|title=Akron leads the way |magazine=Builders Exchange |year=2007 |url=http://www.bxmagazine.com/article.asp?ID=833 |accessdate=January 11, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080403155554/http://www.bxmagazine.com/article.asp?ID=833 |archivedate=April 3, 2008 }} 101. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/news_releases/2001/033001.html |title=PAX WVPX-TV 23 & WKYC-TV 3 Bring Local News Back to Akron Area|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727063715/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/news_releases/2001/033001.html |archivedate=July 27, 2013 |date = 29 March 2001|publisher = City of Akron}} 102. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.akronaa.org/foundersday/ |title=Akron, Ohio – Birthplace of Alcoholics Anonymous |accessdate=January 20, 2010 |publisher=Akron Area Intergroup Council of Alcoholics Anonymous |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616125447/http://www.akronaa.org/foundersday/ |archivedate=June 16, 2009 }} 103. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:zHD7edX_v3EJ:www.brookings.edu/events/2008/~/media/Files/events/2008/0910_restoring_prosperity/akron_case_study.pdf+In+the+1950s+and+%2760s+Akron+saw+a+surge+in+industry+as+use+of+the+automobile+took+off&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us |title=Akron, Ohio |publisher=webcache.googleusercontent.com |accessdate=April 3, 2009}}{{Dead link|date=January 2010}} 104. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/Airport/index.htm |title=Akron, Ohio: Akron Fulton Airport |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081224152902/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/Airport/index.htm |archivedate=December 24, 2008 }} 105. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.akronlibrary.org/ |title=Akron-Summit County Public Library |publisher=Akronlibrary.org |date=February 15, 2009 |accessdate=July 8, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104165042/http://www.akronlibrary.org/ |archivedate=November 4, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 106. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/0b144cf2a61a53e3/index.html |title=Akron's Black History Timeline: 1920–1929: The Third Decade |publisher=City of Akron |accessdate= |deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002104831/https://www.akronohio.gov/cms/site/0b144cf2a61a53e3/index.html |archivedate=2 October 2018 }} 107. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Jenks|first1=Christopher Stephen|title=American Religious Buildings: The Akron Plan Sunday School|url=http://www.sacredplaces.org/PSP-InfoClearingHouse/articles/American%20Religious%20Buildings.htm|website=Partners for Sacred Places|publisher=New York Landmarks Conservancy|accessdate=June 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20030318161630/http://www.sacredplaces.org/PSP-InfoClearingHouse/articles/American%20Religious%20Buildings.htm|archivedate=March 18, 2003|date=December 1995|quote=Thousands of Akron Plan Sunday Schools were built throughout New York State and the country between 1870 and the First World War.}} 108. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.akronartmuseum.org/architecture/ |title=Architecture |publisher=Akron Art Museum |accessdate=January 1, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063521/http://www.akronartmuseum.org/architecture/ |archivedate=March 9, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 109. ^1 {{cite web|last=Trexler |first=Phil |url=http://www.ohio.com/entertainment/80323682.html |title=Arresting displays refreshed for public |work=Ohio.com |date=December 29, 2009 |accessdate=January 2, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100102005350/http://www.ohio.com/entertainment/80323682.html| archivedate= January 2, 2010 | deadurl= no}} 110. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.bridgestone-firestone.com/news/news_index.asp?id=2009/091113a |title=Bridgestone Americas, Inc |publisher=Bridgestone-firestone.com |date=November 13, 2009 |accessdate=December 5, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214191736/http://www.bridgestone-firestone.com/news/news_index.asp?id=2009%2F091113a |archivedate=December 14, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 111. ^{{cite web|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=65412&jid=LVC&volumeId=12&issueId=02&aid=65411 |title=CJO – Full Text HTML |doi=10.1017/S0954394500122033 |publisher=Journals.cambridge.org |accessdate=January 7, 2010}} 112. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2008/0822.htm |title=City of Akron: News Releases 2008: Bridging Urban Places with Green Spaces – Historic Towpath Winds into New Territory |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928044623/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2008/0822.htm |archivedate=September 28, 2011 }} 113. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/news_releases/2008/0207.htm |title=City of Akron: News Releases 2008: State of the City Presentation |publisher=Ci.akron.oh.us |accessdate=January 6, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109015625/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2008/0207.htm |archivedate=January 9, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }} 114. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/products.html|title=Claims to Fame – Products|publisher=Epodunk|accessdate=April 16, 2007| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070408081637/http://www.epodunk.com/slogans/products.html| archivedate= April 8, 2007 | deadurl= no}} 115. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=173 |title=Clark Gable – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society |publisher=Ohio History Central |accessdate=April 3, 2009}} 116. ^1 {{cite web|last=Armon |first=Rick |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/62606392.html |title=Cleveland-Akron win bid for 2014 Gay Games |publisher=Ohio.com |accessdate=September 30, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615163303/http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/62606392.html |archivedate=June 15, 2011 }} 117. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://connectakron.org/map/ |title=Connect Akron Wireless Network |publisher=Connectakron.org |accessdate=December 18, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091209201109/http://www.connectakron.org/map/ |archivedate=December 9, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy-all }} 118. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://events.ohio.com/akron-oh/venues/show/352935-cuyahoga-valley-scenic-railroad-akron-northside-station |title=Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad, Akron Northside Station In Akron, Ohio |publisher=Events.ohio.com |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090209072739/http://events.ohio.com/akron-oh/venues/show/352935-cuyahoga-valley-scenic-railroad-akron-northside-station |archivedate=February 9, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 119. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dvdtimes.co.uk/content.php?contentid=65302 |title=Dance, Girl, Dance |publisher=DVD Times |accessdate=February 9, 2010|date=2007-07-15 }} 120. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.akronohrealestate.net/Education.asp |title=Education Alternatives in Akron Ohio |publisher=Akronohrealestate.net |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121214520/http://www.akronohrealestate.net/Education.asp |archivedate=November 21, 2008 }} 121. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.brandnamecooking.com/fschumacher.html |title=F. Schumacher Milling Company |publisher=Brandnamecooking.com |date=April 16, 1908 |accessdate=January 24, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100103014601/http://www.brandnamecooking.com/fschumacher.html| archivedate= January 3, 2010 | deadurl= no}} 122. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=333 |title=Ferdinand Schumacher – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society |publisher=Ohio History Central |date=July 1, 2005 |accessdate=January 19, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526182947/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=333 |archivedate=May 26, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 123. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.firstnightakron.org/ |title=First Night Akron |accessdate=February 2, 2010 |year=2009 |publisher=Downtown Akron Partnership | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100130054812/http://www.firstnightakron.org/| archivedate= January 30, 2010 | deadurl= no}} 124. ^1 {{cite web|last=Byard |first=Katie |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/12148851.html |title=Goodyear has tentative deal to stay in Akron |publisher=Ohio.com |date=December 5, 2007 |accessdate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829195459/http://www.ohio.com/news/top_stories/12148851.html |archivedate=August 29, 2008 }} 125. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.greaterakronchamber.org/cms/site/4dce2017cd56df64/index.html |title=Greater Akron's Competitive Advantages |publisher=Greater Akron Chamber |accessdate=March 28, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804080308/http://www.greaterakronchamber.org/cms/site/4dce2017cd56df64/index.html |archivedate=August 4, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 126. ^1 {{cite book | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=psjn3zHX4hkC&pg=PA174&dq=airship+united+states+Lakehurst#PPA174,M1 | title = Guide to military installations | first = Dan | last = Cragg | edition = 6th | publisher = Stackpole Books | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-8117-2781-5 | page = 174 | accessdate = April 8, 2009 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131103170438/http://books.google.com/books?id=psjn3zHX4hkC&pg=PA174&dq=airship+united+states+Lakehurst#PPA174,M1 | archivedate = November 3, 2013 | df = mdy-all }} 127. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07196/801262-34.stm |title=Hamburger festivals, special events have participants flipping |publisher=Post-gazette.com |date=July 15, 2007 |accessdate=January 19, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604011824/http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07196/801262-34.stm |archivedate=June 4, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 128. ^1 {{cite press release|title= Hungry Bacteria Begins Saving Akron Money|url= http://ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2007/1212.htm|publisher= City of Akron, Ohio|date= December 12, 2007|accessdate= January 11, 2010|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100109094951/http://www.ci.akron.oh.us/News_Releases/2007/1212.htm|archivedate= January 9, 2010|deadurl= yes|df= mdy-all}} 129. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_13950.html |title=Jason Biggs Interview, Over Her Dead Body – MoviesOnline |publisher=Moviesonline.ca |accessdate=March 25, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081230213005/http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_13950.html |archivedate=December 30, 2008 }} 130. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=913 |title=Ku Klux Klan – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society |publisher=Ohio History Central |accessdate=April 15, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005070633/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=913 |archivedate=October 5, 2007 |df=mdy-all }} 131. ^1 {{cite web |last=Shuy |first=Roger |url=http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003589.html |title=Language Log: Wut? Wen? Wich? |publisher=Itre.cis.upenn.edu |date=September 17, 2006 |accessdate=January 7, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216093758/http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/003589.html |archivedate=December 16, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 132. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf |title=Local Television Market Universe Estimates Comparisons of 2008–09 and 2009–10 Market Ranks |accessdate=February 5, 2010 |year=2009 |format=PDF |publisher=nielsen |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110317170600/http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf |archivedate=March 17, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 133. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.lock3live.com/concerts.aspx |title=Lock 3 Akron, Ohio Concerts |accessdate=January 20, 2010 |publisher=City of Akron |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828154903/http://www.lock3live.com/concerts.aspx |archivedate=August 28, 2008 }} 134. ^1 {{cite web |author=Cla452 Added |url=http://www.tv.com/m.y.o.b./show/174/summary.html |title=M.Y.O.B. on |publisher=Tv.com |date=July 16, 2005 |accessdate=March 26, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028065659/http://www.tv.com/m.y.o.b./show/174/summary.html |archivedate=October 28, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 135. ^1 {{cite web |last=Mackinnon |first=Jim |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/top-stories/tech-center-plans-progressing-1.130576 |title=Tech center plans progressing |publisher=Ohio.com |date=November 25, 2009 |accessdate=December 5, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809102206/http://www.ohio.com/news/top-stories/tech-center-plans-progressing-1.130576 |archivedate=August 9, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 136. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.akronartmuseum.org/musexhibitions/|title=Museum Collection: On View Now |publisher=Akron Art Museum |year=2007|accessdate=January 2, 2010|quote= ...dedicated to the display of its collection, which focuses on art produced since 1850.| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100109234923/http://www.akronartmuseum.org/musexhibitions/| archivedate= January 9, 2010 | deadurl= no}} 137. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.akronartmuseum.org/history/ |title=Museum History |publisher=Akron Art Museum |year=2007 |accessdate=January 1, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001042026/http://www.akronartmuseum.org/history/ |archivedate=October 1, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 138. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619083729/http://www.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=cle |date=June 19, 2006 }} National Weather Service. Retrieved on March 7, 2010. 139. ^Akron/Canton Normals and Records for January. National Weather Service. Retrieved on November 13, 2008. 140. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.justice.gov/dea/seizures/oh.pdf |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5o4cZWTDC?url=http://www.justice.gov/dea/seizures/oh.pdf |archivedate=March 8, 2010 |title=National Clandestine Laboratory Register – Ohio |date=August 19, 2009 |work=Justice.Gov |publisher=United States Department of Justice |accessdate=January 7, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}Note- The list uses the mailing address for each site, so not all sites listed as being in Akron are actually within the Akron city limits but instead have an Akron ZIP code 141. ^1 {{cite news|first=R.D.|last=Heldenfelds|title=Newscast off air, on cable.|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-29733372_ITM|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112075314/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-29733372_ITM|archivedate=January 12, 2009|work=Akron Beacon Journal|publisher=Knight-Ridder|date=July 5, 2005|accessdate=August 2, 2008}} 142. ^1 {{cite web|last=Wolpaw |first=Erik |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/noonelivesforever2asihw/review.html |title=No One Lives Forever 2: A Spy in H.A.R.M.'s Way Review for PC |publisher=GameSpot |date=September 30, 2002 |accessdate=April 28, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090506115556/http://www.gamespot.com/pc/action/noonelivesforever2asihw/review.html| archivedate= May 6, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 143. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.gamesfirst.com/?id=744 |title=No One Lives Forever 2: A Spy in HARM's Way Review |accessdate=February 5, 2010 |last=Allen |first=Todd |work=GamesFirst! |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110528085023/http://www.gamesfirst.com/?id=744 |archivedate=May 28, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 144. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!336076!0#focus |title=Nolan N. Guzzetta Miniature Sculpture, (sculpture) |publisher=Siris-artinventories.si.edu |date=May 18, 1976 |accessdate=February 9, 2010}} 145. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://oba.ohio.gov/html/ocasek.htm |title=Ohio Building Authority – Ocasek Building |accessdate=July 9, 2009 |author=Mark |date=July 6, 1999 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514002415/http://oba.ohio.gov/html/ocasek.htm |archivedate=May 14, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 146. ^1 2 {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=otF3cU8kmqIC&pg=PA81&lpg=PA81&dq=menches+brother+akron+gee+whiz#v=onepage&q=cone&f=false |title=Ohio Curiosities: Quirky Characters … |date=August 8, 2007 |accessdate=January 21, 2010|isbn=978-0-7627-4344-5|last1=Gurvis |first1=Sandra }} 147. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=131_1197619064 |title=Ohio Police Test Gun That Shoots Round Corners |publisher=LiveLeak.com |date=December 14, 2007 |accessdate=April 3, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090321004001/http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=131_1197619064| archivedate= March 21, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 148. ^1 {{cite web |last=Grevatt |first=Martha |url=http://www.workers.org/2008/us/ohio_1016/ |title=Ohio foreclosure prompts suicide attempt |publisher=Workers.org |date=October 9, 2008 |accessdate=January 30, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111105748/http://www.workers.org/2008/us/ohio_1016/ |archivedate=January 11, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} 149. ^1 {{cite news | first=Mark | last=Niquette | title=On the brink: Akron – Transitioning from rubber to polymers buoys economy | date=December 5, 2007 | url=http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/local_news/stories/2007/12/05/AKRON.ART_ART_12-05-07_A1_0H8LORS.html#story-continues | archive-url=https://archive.is/20130122002158/http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/local_news/stories/2007/12/05/AKRON.ART_ART_12-05-07_A1_0H8LORS.html%23story-continues#story-continues |archive-date=January 22, 2013| dead-url=yes| work=The Columbus Dispatch | accessdate=February 2, 2010 }} 150. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://inventors.about.com/od/fstartinventions/a/forensic_3.htm |title=Police Technology |publisher=Inventors.about.com |date=April 3, 2008 |accessdate=August 15, 2009}} 151. ^1 Barry Popik, Smoky City {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526083030/http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/summary12/ |date=May 26, 2008 }}, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005 152. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.funkhouserlaw.com/news-content.cfm/Article/116266/Preliminary-Ohio-Crime-Statistics-for.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119124937/http://www.funkhouserlaw.com/news-content.cfm/Article/116266/Preliminary-Ohio-Crime-Statistics-for.html|archivedate=November 19, 2008 |title=Preliminary Ohio Crime Statistics for 2007 |publisher=Funkhouserlaw.com |date=June 2, 2008 |accessdate=April 3, 2009}} 153. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2008/12/solar_panels_make_akrons_new_t.html|title= Solar panels make Akron's new transit center a leader in Ohio|accessdate=March 16, 2009|work=The Plain Dealer|date=December 31, 2008| archiveurl= https://archive.is/20090309130946/http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2008/12/solar_panels_make_akrons_new_t.html| archivedate= March 9, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 154. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.summahealth.org/common/templates/contentindex.asp?ID=9565 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524214119/http://www.summahealth.org/common/templates/contentindex.asp?ID=9565 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=May 24, 2006 |title=Summa Health System – Hospital Rankings |publisher=Summahealth.org |accessdate=July 5, 2009 }} 155. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.summahealth.org/common/templates/contentindex.asp?ID=456 |title=Summa Health System – Locations |publisher=Summahealth.org |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503001726/http://www.summahealth.org/common/templates/contentindex.asp?ID=456 |archivedate=May 3, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 156. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://ssl.summahealth.org/common/templates/article.asp?ID=13043|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728071210/https://ssl.summahealth.org/common/templates/article.asp?ID=13043|archivedate=July 28, 2011 |title=Summa Health System – Summa Celebrates 11th Consecutive Year on U.S. New |publisher=Ssl.summahealth.org |date=July 11, 2008 |accessdate=July 5, 2009}} 157. ^1 {{cite web |last=Armon |first=Rick |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/summit-county-has-third-most-methamphetamine-sites-in-u-s-1.111446 |title=Summit County has third most methamphetamine sites in U.S |publisher=Ohio.com |date=September 5, 2008 |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809102036/http://www.ohio.com/news/summit-county-has-third-most-methamphetamine-sites-in-u-s-1.111446 |archivedate=August 9, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 158. ^1 {{cite news | first=John J. | last=O'Connor | title=Television; How One Day at a Time Became a creed | date=April 30, 1989 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/30/arts/television-how-one-day-at-a-time-became-a-creed.html?pagewanted=1 | work=The New York Times | accessdate=February 2, 2010 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524062749/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/30/arts/television-how-one-day-at-a-time-became-a-creed.html?pagewanted=1 | archivedate=May 24, 2013 | df=mdy-all }} 159. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/10/tv-detail-my-own-worst-enemy-reviewseries-premiere.html |title=TV Detail: My Own Worst Enemy reviewSeries Premiere :: TV :: Reviews :: Paste |publisher=Pastemagazine.com |date=October 13, 2008 |accessdate=March 25, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204091145/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2008/10/tv-detail-my-own-worst-enemy-reviewseries-premiere.html |archivedate=December 4, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 160. ^1 {{Cite journal |title=The Heldenfiles, Seinfeld Bus Rolling to Cleveland, Akron Beacon Journal, Wednesday, August 13, 2008 |postscript={{inconsistent citations}} }} 161. ^1 {{cite book |author=Jeffery S. King |title=The Life and Death of Pretty Boy Floyd |publisher=Kent State University Press |location=Kent, Ohio |year=1999 |page=33 |isbn=978-0-87338-650-0 |oclc= |accessdate=January 3, 2010|url=https://books.google.com/?id=6ADHZnyv9FIC&lpg=PA35&dq=%22frank%20mitchell%22%20%22pretty%20boy%20floyd%22%20akron&pg=PA33#v=onepage&q=&f=false}} 162. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.heartlandscience.org/agrifood/qoats.htm |title=The Ohio Academy of Science |publisher=Heartland Science |accessdate=January 24, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718130204/http://www.heartlandscience.org/agrifood/qoats.htm |archivedate=July 18, 2011 |df=mdy }} 163. ^1 {{cite book | last = Vendler | first = Helen Hennessy | authorlink = Helen Vendler | title = The music of what happens: poems, poets, critics | publisher = Harvard University Press | year = 1988 | page = 448 | url = https://books.google.com/?id=1Lsr-CXlWT8C&lpg=PA448&dq=%22Thomas%20and%20Beulah%22%20akron&pg=PA448#v=onepage&q=%22Thomas%20and%20Beulah%22%20akron&f=false | id = | isbn = 978-0-674-59152-3 }} 164. ^1 {{cite web |last=Carney |first=Jim |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/this-founders-day-marks-a-a-milestones-1.127962 |title=This Founders' Day marks A.A. milestones |publisher=Ohio.com |date=June 11, 2009 |accessdate=January 20, 2010 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809102138/http://www.ohio.com/news/this-founders-day-marks-a-a-milestones-1.127962 |archivedate=August 9, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} 165. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=12527&refer=|title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Akron, Ohio}} Retrieved on November 13, 2008. 166. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.americantoymarbles.com/ |title=The American Toy Marble Museum Akron, Ohio |publisher=Americantoymarbles.com |accessdate=April 3, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090326023654/http://americantoymarbles.com/| archivedate= March 26, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 167. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://bioinnovationinstitute.org/_docs/BIA_History_Innovation_Timeline.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219055209/http://bioinnovationinstitute.org/_docs/BIA_History_Innovation_Timeline.pdf|archivedate=February 19, 2009 |title=Microsoft Word - BIA History of Innovation Timeline Web Version 10.13.08.doc |format=PDF |accessdate=July 5, 2009}} 168. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1638&nm=Goodyear-Blimps |title=Goodyear Blimps |publisher=Ohio History Central |date=July 1, 2005 |accessdate=April 3, 2009 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003134549/http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=1638 |archivedate=October 3, 2007 |df=mdy-all }} 169. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.deaftoday.com/news/archives/2003/03/exhibit_reveals.html |title=Exhibit reveals history from deaf perspective |publisher=Deaftoday.com |date=March 24, 2003 |accessdate= |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108140742/http://www.deaftoday.com/news/archives/2003/03/exhibit_reveals.html |archivedate=January 8, 2009 |df=mdy-all }} 170. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=100832|title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: First Presbyterian Church|date=February 2004|accessdate=June 14, 2009|author=Robert T. Englert|publisher=New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807045440/http://www.oprhp.state.ny.us/hpimaging/hp_view.asp?GroupView=100832|archivedate=August 7, 2012|df=mdy-all}} 171. ^1 {{cite web|last=Armon |first=Rick |url=http://www.ohio.com/news/39629712.html |title=Meth lab raids jump 42% in Summit |publisher=Ohio.com |date=February 15, 2009 |accessdate=April 3, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090321113303/http://www.ohio.com/news/39629712.html| archivedate= March 21, 2009 | deadurl= no}} 172. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.buchtelite.com/ |title=The Buchtelite |accessdate=January 18, 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100124143809/http://www.buchtelite.com/| archivedate= January 24, 2010 | deadurl= no}} 173. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.city-data.com/city/Akron-Ohio.html|title=Akron, Ohio (OH) Detailed Profile|work=Onboard Informatics|publisher=Advameg, Inc.|accessdate=February 28, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090226032412/http://www.city-data.com/city/Akron-Ohio.html?| archivedate= February 26, 2009| deadurl= no}} 174. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFPopulation?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=16000US3901000&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=akron%2C+ohio&_cityTown=akron%2C+ohio&_state=&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&_submenuId=population_0&ds_name=null&_ci_nbr=null&qr_name=null®=null%3Anull&_keyword=&_industry= |title=Akron city, Ohio – Population Finder – American FactFinder |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=December 12, 2009}} [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138] [140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164] [166][167][168][169][170][171][172]
Further reading
External links{{Sister project links|voy=Akron|Akron, Ohio}}
6 : Akron, Ohio|Cities in Ohio|Cities in Summit County, Ohio|Populated places established in 1825|County seats in Ohio|Populated places on the Underground Railroad |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。