“B♭ (musical note)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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B♭ (musical note)

释义

Designation by octave
Scales
Common scales beginning on B{{music|b}} Diatonic scales Jazz melodic minor
See also

{{Other uses|B-flat (disambiguation){{!}}B-flat}}{{unreferenced|date=January 2012}}

B{{music|flat}} (B-flat; also called si bémol) is the eleventh step of the Western chromatic scale (starting from C).

It lies a diatonic semitone above A and a chromatic semitone below B, thus being enharmonic to A{{music|♯}}, even though in some musical tunings, B{{music|flat}} will have a different sounding pitch than A{{music|sharp}}. B-flat is also enharmonic to C{{music|bb}}.

When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of the B{{music|flat}} above middle C is approximately 466.164 Hz. See pitch (music) for a discussion of historical variations in frequency.

While orchestras tune to an A provided by the oboist, wind ensembles usually tune to a B-flat provided by a tuba, horn, or clarinet.

In Germany, Russia, Poland and Scandinavia, this pitch is designated B, with 'H' used to designate the B-natural. Since the 1990s, B-flat is often denoted Bb or "Bess" instead of B in Swedish music textbooks. Natural B is called B by Swedish jazz and pop musicians, but still denoted H in classical music. See B (musical note) for an explanation.

Designation by octave

Scientific designation	Helmholtz designation	Octave name	Frequency (Hz)
flat}}₋₁	flat}}͵͵͵ or ͵͵͵B{{music\|flat}} or BBBB{{music\|flat}}	Subsubcontra	14.568
flat}}₀	flat}}͵͵ or ͵͵B{{music\|flat}} or BBB{{music\|flat}}	Subcontra	29.135
flat}}₁	flat}}͵ or ͵B{{music\|flat}} or BB{{music\|flat}}	Contra	58.270
flat}}₂	flat}}	Great	116.541
flat}}₃	flat}}	Small	233.082
flat}}₄	flat}}′	One-lined	466.164
flat}}₅	flat}}′′	Two-lined	932.328
flat}}₆	flat}}′′′	Three-lined	1864.655
flat}}₇	flat}}′′′′	Four-lined	3729.310
flat}}₈	flat}}′′′′′	Five-lined	7458.620
flat}}₉	flat}}′′′′′′	Six-lined	14917.240
flat}}₁₀	flat}}′′′′′′′	Seven-lined	29834.481

Scales

Common scales beginning on B{{music|b}}

B-flat major: B{{music|b}} C D E{{music|b}} F G A B{{music|b}}
B-flat natural minor: B{{music|b}} C D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B-flat harmonic minor: B{{music|b}} C D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G{{music|b}} A B{{music|b}}
B-flat melodic minor ascending: B{{music|b}} C D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G A B{{music|b}}
B-flat melodic minor descending: B{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} G{{music|b}} F E{{music|b}} D{{music|b}} C B{{music|b}}

Diatonic scales

B{{music|b}} Ionian: B{{music|b}} C D E{{music|b}} F G A B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Dorian: B{{music|b}} C D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Phrygian: B{{music|b}} C{{music|b}} D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Lydian: B{{music|b}} C D E F G A B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Mixolydian: B{{music|b}} C D E{{music|b}} F G A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Aeolian: B{{music|b}} C D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Locrian: B{{music|b}} C{{music|b}} D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F{{music|b}} G{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}

Jazz melodic minor

B{{music|b}} ascending melodic minor: B{{music|b}} C D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G A B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Dorian ♭2: B{{music|b}} C{{music|b}} D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F G A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Lydian augmented: B{{music|b}} C D E F{{music|#}} G A B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Lydian dominant: B{{music|b}} C D E F G A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Mixolydian ♭6: B{{music|b}} C D E{{music|b}} F G{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} Locrian ♮2: B{{music|b}} C D{{music|b}} E{{music|b}} F{{music|b}} G{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}
B{{music|b}} altered: B{{music|b}} C{{music|b}} D{{music|b}} E{{music|bb}} F{{music|b}} G{{music|b}} A{{music|b}} B{{music|b}}

Designation by octave

Scales

Common scales beginning on B{{music|b}}

Diatonic scales

Jazz melodic minor

See also