| 词条 | Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = His Grace | name = The Duke of Grafton | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KG}} | image = File:1st Duke of Grafton.jpg | birth_name = Henry FitzRoy | birth_date = {{birth date|1663|9|28|df=y}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1690|10|9|1663|9|28|df=y}} | death_place = | spouse = Isabella Bennet, 2nd Countess of Arlington | children = Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton | parents = Charles II of England Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland }} Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton {{small|KG}} (28 September 1663{{snd}}9 October 1690) was the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England. A military man, Henry FitzRoy was appointed colonel of the Grenadier Guards in 1681 and Vice-Admiral of England in 1682. He was killed in the storming of Cork during the Williamite–Jacobite War in 1690. Early life and military careerBorn to Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine in 1663, Henry FitzRoy was the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England.[1] His grandparents included King Charles I and William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison, colonel of one of the king's regiments, who was killed in action during the Civil War. On 1 August 1672 he was married at the age of nine to the five-year-old Isabella,[2] the daughter and heiress of Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington. The wedding ceremony was repeated on 7 November 1679,[2] and through their son Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, the couple were ancestors of Diana, Princess of Wales. At the time of his marriage, Henry FitzRoy was created Baron Sudbury, Viscount Ipswich, and Earl of Euston; in 1675 he was created Duke of Grafton,[2] and Charles II made him a Knight of the Garter in 1680. He was appointed colonel of the Grenadier Guards in 1681.[1] FitzRoy was brought up as a sailor and saw military action at the siege of Luxembourg in 1684.[3] In that year, he received a warrant to supersede Sir Robert Holmes as Governor of the Isle of Wight, when the latter was charged with making false musters. However, Holmes was acquitted by court-martial and retained the governorship. In 1686 he killed John Talbot, brother of the Earl of Shrewsbury, in a duel. At King James II's coronation, Grafton was Lord High Constable. During the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth he commanded the royal troops in Somerset; but later acted with John Churchill, and joined William of Orange to overthrow the King in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.[3] DeathFitzRoy died in Ireland in 1690 of a wound received at the storming of Cork while leading William's forces,[3] aged 27. His body was returned to England for burial.[4] In October 1697 his widow married Sir Thomas Hanmer,[1] a young Buckinghamshire baronet, who became Speaker of the House of Commons and an authority on the works of William Shakespeare. She died in 1723. LegacyThe Duke of Grafton owned land in what was then the countryside near Dublin, Ireland, which later became part of the city. A country lane on this land eventually developed into Grafton Street,[5] one of Dublin's main streets. Grafton Alley in Cork, close to where he was shot, also bears his name.[6] He is an ancestor of the Earls Spencer of Althorp, Diana, Princess of Wales, and also Diana's sons, Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and his younger brother, Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center | boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc; | boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9; | boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe; | 1 = 1. Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton | 2 = 2. Charles II of England | 3 = 3. Barbara Villiers | 4 = 4. Charles I of England | 5 = 5. Henrietta Maria of France | 6 = 6. William Villiers, 2nd Viscount Grandison | 7 = 7. Mary Bayning | 8 = 8. James I of England | 9 = 9. Anne of Denmark | 10 = 10. Henry IV of France | 11 = 11. Marie de' Medici | 12 = 12. Sir Edward Villiers | 13 = 13. Barbara St John | 14 = 14. Paul Bayning, 1st Viscount Bayning | 15 = 15. Anne Glemham | 16 = 16. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley | 17 = 17. Mary, Queen of Scots | 18 = 18. Frederick II of Denmark | 19 = 19. Sophie of Mecklenburg | 20 = 20. Antoine of Navarre | 21 = 21. Jeanne III of Navarre | 22 = 22. Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany | 23 = 23. Joanna of Austria | 24 = 24. Sir George Villiers | 25 = 25. Audrey Saunders | 26 = 26. Sir John St John | 27 = 27. Lucy Hungerford | 28 = 28. Paul Bayning | 29 = 29. Susannah Norden | 30 = 30. Sir Henry Glemham | 31 = 31. Anne Sackville }} See also
Notes and references1. ^1 2 {{cite DNB|wstitle=Fitzroy, Henry (1663-1690)|volume=19}} {{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{succession box | before=The Duke of Cumberland | title=Vice-Admiral of England | years=1682–1689 | after=The Earl of Torrington}}{{s-hon}}2. ^1 2 {{cite web| url = https://ohiostatepress.org/Books/Complete%20PDFs/Wilson%20Court/37.pdf|work = Court Satires of the Restoration | title= Selected Brief Biographies | accessdate = 27 January 2013 |page = 232| author = John Harold Wilson }} 3. ^1 2 {{EB1911|noprescript=1|title=Grafton, Dukes of|volume=12|pages=316-317| url= https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabrit12chisrich#page/316/mode/2up}} 4. ^Grafton's body was returned to England - with some internal organs removed and buried (in Ballintemple, Cork) to preserve his remains for transport. See: {{cite book|title=The life of John Churchill, duke of Marlborough, to the accession of Queen Anne| author=Garnet Joseph Wolseley| date=1894| url=https://archive.org/stream/lifeofjohnchurch02wols/lifeofjohnchurch02wols_djvu.txt | page=201| publisher=R. Bentley and Son}} 5. ^{{cite web|url = https://www.irishtimes.com/news/grafton-street-1.274519 | publisher = The Irish Times | date = 27 January 1931 | title = Grafton Street }} 6. ^{{cite book|url = http://www.corkpastandpresent.ie/places/placenames/lanewaysofmedievalcork/Laneways_linked.pdf | publisher = Cork City Council | author = Gina Johnson | page = 122 | title = The Laneways of Medieval Cork| date = 2002 }} |-{{s-vac | last=The Earl of Northumberland}}{{s-ttl | title=Lord High Constable of England | years=1685}}{{s-vac | next=The Duke of Ormonde}}{{succession box | before=The Earl of Arlington | title=Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk | years=1685–1689 | after=The Lord Cornwallis}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box | before=John Russell | title=Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards | after=The Earl of Lichfield | years=1681–1688}}{{succession box | before=The Earl of Lichfield | title=Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards | after=Henry Sydney | years=1688–1689}}{{s-reg|en}}{{s-new | rows=2 | creation}}{{s-ttl | title=Duke of Grafton | years=1675–1690}}{{s-aft | rows=2 | after=Charles FitzRoy}} |-{{s-ttl | title=Earl of Euston | years=1672–1690}}{{s-end}}{{Dukes of Grafton}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Grafton, Henry Fitzroy, 1st Duke of}} 17 : 1663 births|1690 deaths|17th-century English nobility|17th-century Royal Navy personnel|People from London|English people of French descent|Dukes of Grafton|Grenadier Guards officers|Illegitimate children of Charles II of England|Knights of the Garter|Lord High Constables|Lord-Lieutenants of Suffolk|FitzRoy family|Williamite military personnel of the Williamite War in Ireland|Monmouth Rebellion|English military personnel killed in action|Peers of England created by Charles II |
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