| 词条 | Henry Goulburn |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix =The Right Honourable | name = Henry Goulburn | honorific-suffix = FRS | image = HenryGoulburn.jpg | imagesize = | order1 = Chancellor of the Exchequer | term_start1 = 26 January 1828 | term_end1 = 22 November 1830 | monarch1 = George IV | primeminister1 = The Duke of Wellington | predecessor1 = John Charles Herries | successor1 = Viscount Althorp | term_start2 = 3 September 1841 | term_end2 = 27 June 1846 | monarch2 = Victoria | primeminister2 = Sir Robert Peel, Bt | predecessor2 = Francis Baring | successor2 = Sir Charles Wood, Bt | order3 = Home Secretary | term_start3 = 15 December 1834 | term_end3 = 18 April 1835 | monarch3 = William IV | primeminister3 = Sir Robert Peel, Bt | predecessor3 = The Duke of Wellington | successor3 = Lord John Russell | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1784|03|19}} | birth_place = London | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1856|01|12|1784|03|19}} | death_place = | nationality = British | party = Tory, Peelite | alma_mater = Trinity College, Cambridge | spouse = Hon. Jane Montagu (died 1857) }} Henry Goulburn PC FRS (19 March 1784 – 12 January 1856) was a British Conservative statesman and a member of the Peelite faction after 1846. Background and educationBorn in London, Goulburn was the eldest son of Munbee Goulburn, of London, by his wife Susannah, eldest daughter of William Chetwynd, 4th Viscount Chetwynd. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge.[1] Goulburn lived in Betchworth, Dorking in Betchworth House for much of his life. Sugar plantation ownerGoulburn's inheritance included a number of sugar estates in Jamaica, Amity Hall in the parish of Vere, now Clarendon Parish being the most important. Slave labour was still being used to work the sugar plantations when he inherited the estates.[2][3] Goulburn never visited Jamaica himself, due his health and political work, he relied on attorneys to manage his estates on his behalf. One attorney in particular, Thomas Samson, held the top job at the estate from 1802–1818 and earned a reputation for cruelty towards Goulburn's slaves. By 1818 the income from his Jamaican estates halved to less than £3,000 'although he did console himself that the condition of his slaves had probably improved'.[2] Political careerIn 1808, Goulburn became Member of Parliament for Horsham. In 1810, he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for Home Affairs, and two and a half years later, he was made Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies. It was in this capacity that James Meehan named Goulburn, New South Wales after him, a naming that was ratified by Governor Lachlan Macquarie. Still retaining office in the Tory government, he became a Privy Counsellor in 1821, and shortly afterwards was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, a position which he held until April 1827. Here, although he was frequently denounced as he was considered an Orangeman, he had a successful period of office on the whole, and in 1823 he managed to pass the Composition for Tithes (Ireland) Act 1823. In January 1828, he was made Chancellor of the Exchequer under the Duke of Wellington; like his leader, he disliked Roman Catholic emancipation, which he voted against in 1828. In the domain of finance, Goulburn's chief achievements were to reduce the rate of interest on part of the national debt, and to allow anyone to sell beer upon payment of a small annual fee, a complete change of policy with regard to the drink traffic. Leaving office with Wellington in November 1830, Goulburn was Home Secretary under Sir Robert Peel for four months in 1835, and when this statesman returned to office in September 1841 he became Chancellor of the Exchequer for the second time. Although Peel himself did some of the chancellor's work, Goulburn was responsible for a further reduction in the rate of interest on the national debt, and he aided his chief in the struggle which ended in the repeal of the Corn Laws. With his colleagues, he left office in June 1846. After representing Horsham in the House of Commons for over four years, Goulburn was successively member for St Germans, for West Looe, and for the city of Armagh. In May 1831, he was elected for Cambridge University, and he retained this seat until his death. Goulburn was a member of the Canterbury Association from 27 March 1848.[4] FamilyFrederick Goulburn (1788–1837), the first Colonial Secretary of New South Wales, was his younger brother. Henry Goulburn married the Hon. Jane, third daughter of Matthew Montagu, 4th Baron Rokeby, in 1811. They had four children. He died on 12 January 1856, aged 71. His wife died the following year. Notes1. ^{{acad|id=GLBN801H|name=Goulburn, Henry}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web |title=Rt. Hon. Henry Goulburn |author= |work=Legacies of British Slave-ownership |date= |access-date=10 September 2018 |url= https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/21529 |quote=}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Morgan|first1=Kenneth|title=Labour Relations during and after Apprenticeship: Amity Hall, Jamaica, 1834–1840|journal=Slavery & Abolition|volume=33|issue=3|year=2012|pages=457–478|issn=0144-039X|doi=10.1080/0144039X.2011.606629}} 4. ^{{cite book | pages = 36–37 | last=Blain | first=Rev. Michael | title=The Canterbury Association (1848–1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections | year=2007 | publisher=Project Canterbury |location=Christchurch | url= http://anglicanhistory.org/nz/blain_canterbury2007.pdf | accessdate= 20 March 2013}} References
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| title = Member of Parliament for Horsham | before = Love Jones-Parry Sir Samuel Romilly | after = Sir Arthur Piggott Robert Hurst | years = 1808–1812 | with = Joseph Marryat }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for St Germans | years = 1812–1818 | with = William Henry Pringle | before = Matthew Montagu Charles Philip Yorke | after = Seymour Bathurst Charles Arbuthnot }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for West Looe | years = 1818–1826 | with = Sir Charles Hulse | before = Henry Fitzgerald-de Ros Sir Charles Hulse | after = John Buller Charles Buller }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Armagh | years = 1826–1831 | before = William Stuart | after = Viscount Ingestre }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Cambridge University | before = The Viscount Palmerston William Cavendish | after = Loftus Wigram Spencer Horatio Walpole | years = 1831–1856 with William Yates Peel 1831–1832 Charles Manners-Sutton 1832–1835 Hon. Charles Law 1835–1850 Loftus Wigram 1850–1856 }}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before= Charles Jenkinson}}{{s-ttl|title= Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department |years=1810–1812 }}{{s-aft|after= John Hiley Addington}}{{s-bef|before= Robert Peel}}{{s-ttl|title= Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies | with = Henry Edward Bunbury 1812–1816 |years=1812–1821{{s-aft|after= R. W. Horton }}{{succession box | before=Charles Grant | title=Chief Secretary for Ireland | years=1821–1827 | after=William Lamb}}{{succession box | before=John Charles Herries | title=Chancellor of the Exchequer | years=1828–1830 | after=Viscount Althorp}}{{succession box | before=Viscount Duncannon | title=Home Secretary | years=1834–1835 | after=Lord John Russell}}{{succession box | before=Francis Baring | title=Chancellor of the Exchequer | years=1841–1846 | after=Sir Charles Wood, Bt}}{{s-end}}{{Chancellor of the Exchequer}}{{HomeSecretary}}{{First Peel Ministry}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Goulburn, Henry}} 29 : 1784 births|1856 deaths|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom|British Secretaries of State|Tory MPs (pre-1834)|Irish Conservative Party MPs|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Armagh constituencies (1801–1922)|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall|People from London|UK MPs 1807–12|UK MPs 1812–18|UK MPs 1818–20|UK MPs 1820–26|UK MPs 1826–30|UK MPs 1830–31|UK MPs 1831–32|UK MPs 1832–35|UK MPs 1835–37|UK MPs 1837–41|UK MPs 1841–47|UK MPs 1847–52|UK MPs 1852–57|Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of the Canterbury Association|Chief Secretaries for Ireland |
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