“Her Majesty's Ship”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

His or Her Majesty's Ship, abbreviated HMS, is the ship prefix used for ships of the navy in some monarchies. Derived terms such as "HMAS" and equivalents in other languages such as "SMS" are used.

United Kingdom

In the British Royal Navy, the prefix was originally always quoted in full; the first recorded use of the abbreviated form, "HMS", occurred in 1789 in respect of HMS Phoenix.^[1] From 1707 to c1800 HBMS (for His Britannic Majesty's Ship) was also used.^[2]^[3]

Submarines in Her Majesty's service also use the prefix "HMS", standing for "Her Majesty's Submarine". The Royal Yacht Britannia, which was a commissioned ship in the Royal Navy, was known as HMY Britannia. Otherwise all ships in the Royal Navy are known as HM Ships, though formerly when a distinction was made between three-masted ship-rigged ships and smaller vessels they would be called HM Frigate X, or HM Sloop Y.

The prefix "HMS" is also used by shore establishments that are commissioned "stone frigates" in the Royal Navy. Examples include HMS Excellent, a training school located on an island in Portsmouth Harbour, and HMS Vulcan, in Caithness in the Highland area of Scotland, which is established to test the design of nuclear power systems for use in submarines.

The sample ship name used by the Royal Navy to signify a hypothetical vessel is {{HMS|Nonsuch}}.^[4] This is a name that has been used by the Royal Navy in the past; on the eve of World War II the name was given{{by whom?|date=October 2018}} to the Royal Canadian Navy. {{As of | 2012}} HMCS Nonsuch was the "stone frigate" of the Edmonton Division of the Canadian Naval Reserve.^[5]

Prefixing the name by "the", as in "the HMS Ark Royal", while common, is considered bad grammar.^[6]

British government ships not in the Royal Navy have other designations, such as "RFA" for ships in the Royal Fleet Auxiliary.

Commonwealth realms and former British Empire

Historically, variants on "HMS" have been used by the navies of British colonies. The practice is maintained in several Commonwealth realms (states which recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state).

Current

Former

Germany

{{lang|de|Seiner Majestät Schiff}} ({{IPA-de|ˈzaɪ̯nɐ majɛsˈtɛːt ʃɪf|pron}}; German: "His Majesty's Ship", abbreviated to S.M.S. or SMS) was the ship prefix used by the Prussian Maritime Enterprise (Seehandlung), the Prussian Navy, the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine) and the Austro-Hungarian Navy. It was created by translating the British prefix into German.

It was sometimes also abbreviated to S.M. or SM (for Seiner Majestät) when a ship was mentioned by class, such as S.M. Kleiner Kreuzer Emden ("His Majesty's Light Cruiser Emden").

Sweden

In the Swedish Navy (formerly the Royal Swedish Navy), all vessels are given the prefix HMS (Hans or Hennes Majestäts Skepp). This is true for both surface and submarine vessels.^[18]

Abroad, Swedish navy ships are sometimes given the prefix HSwMS (for His Swedish Majesty's Ship), to avoid confusion with other uses of the HMS prefix.^[18]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.royalnavalmuseum.org/visit_see_sailfaq.htm |title= Frequently Asked Questions of the Sailing Navy Gallery |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |website= www.royalnavalmuseum.org |publisher= National Museum of the Royal Navy |accessdate= 18 July 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/heritage/customs-and-traditions/ship-naming/the-evolution-of-ship-naming-in-the-u-s--navy.html |title=The Evolution of Ship Naming in the U.S. Navy |website=(US) Naval History and Heritage Command|quote=Some, but apparently not all, other navies also use prefixes with their ships' names. Perhaps the best known of these is 'HMS' (His or Her Majesty's Ship), long used by the Royal Navy. In earlier times this was also seen as 'HBMS,' for 'His Britannic Majesty's Ship.'|date=22 May 2018 |author= |accessdate= 17 December 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://snr.org.uk/snr-forum/topic/hbmshms-usage-in-18thc/ |title=HBMS/HMS - usage in 18thC|website=The Society For Nautical Research|date=8 October 2008 |author=Justin Reay |accessdate= 17 December 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/static/pages/3190.html |title= Royal Navy |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060206211827/https://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/static/pages/3190.html |archivedate= February 6, 2006 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.navy.forces.gc.ca/navres/nearestUnit_uniteLaPlusPres/hmcs_ncsm_NONSUCH/noh-unitPortal_portailUnite-eng.asp |title= HMCS Nonsuch |accessdate= 2012-08-04 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20130630044740/http://www.navy.forces.gc.ca/navres/nearestUnit_uniteLaPlusPres/hmcs_ncsm_NONSUCH/noh-unitPortal_portailUnite-eng.asp |archivedate= 2013-06-30 |df= }}
6. ^The Guardian style guide
7. ^¹Australian War Memorial Glossary {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606222230/http://awm.gov.au/glossary/result.asp?browse=h |date=2007-06-06 }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jdfmil.org/overview/bases/bases_home6.html |title=Jamaica Defence Force - Bases |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601163032/http://www.jdfmil.org/overview/bases/bases_home6.html |archivedate=June 1, 2007 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seemotive.de/abkmaritim/BuchstabeH.htm|title=Seemotive, Buchstabe H Letter H}}
10. ^The gunboat CNS (formerly HMCS) Protector; 1909 (National Library of Australia){{dead link|date=August 2012}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/news/navynews/editions/2001/10_15_01/story22.htm|title=Foundation Day oration}}
12. ^Port-side view of the former South Australian Colonial gunboat HMAS (ex HMS, ex HMCS) Protector; 1918 (National Library of Australia) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209195419/http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-HTTP%3A//CAS.AWM.GOV.AU/PROD/GL.ACCEPT_LOGIN?SCREEN_NAME=CAS_SEARCH_PKG.PR_SEARCH_BY_LINK&SCREEN_PARMS=ACID~PS_QUERY_TYPE%3DACCNUM~PS_QUERY%3DH12191~PS_REFERRER%3DOAI%3AAWM%3A325142%2F859841&SCREEN_TYPE=BOTTOM |date=February 9, 2008 }}
13. ^{{cite book|author=Carl Muller|title=Spit And Polish|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V5ecp9P8MtUC&pg=PT117|date=14 October 2000|publisher=Penguin Books Limited |isbn=978-81-8475-109-3|pages=117}}
14. ^HMQS Gayundah (Aboriginal for 'lightning') and her sister ship HMQS Paluma ('thunder') (National Library of Australia) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080213074537/http://nla.gov.au/nla.cs-pa-HTTP%3A//CAS.AWM.GOV.AU/PROD/GL.ACCEPT_LOGIN?SCREEN_NAME=CAS_SEARCH_PKG.PR_SEARCH_BY_LINK&SCREEN_PARMS=ACID~PS_QUERY_TYPE%3DACCNUM~PS_QUERY%3DP00444.129~PS_REFERRER%3DOAI%3AAWM%3A42945%2F1650272&SCREEN_TYPE=BOTTOM |date=February 13, 2008 }}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/national/sites/hmvs.html |title=Department of the Environment and Water Resources: HMVS Cerberus |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210064740/http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/national/sites/hmvs.html |archivedate=February 10, 2007 }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.navy.gov.au/reserves_new/historyDocuments/The_Great_Gun.doc |title=Welcome (Royal Australian Naval Reserves) |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061013160952/http://www.navy.gov.au/reserves_new/historyDocuments/The_Great_Gun.doc |archivedate=October 13, 2006 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite book|author=IBP USA|title=Pakistan Intelligence, Security Activities and Operations Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYqnBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA151|date=20 March 2009|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-4387-3721-8|pages=151}}
18. ^¹Ordbok: "H" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812094737/http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/sv/ordbok/?l=h |date=2011-08-12 }} Försvarsmakten {{Swe icon}}