| 词条 | Heung Yee Kuk |
| 释义 |
|agency_name = Heung Yee Kuk |nativename = 鄉議局 |nativename_a = |nativename_r = |logo = HengYeeKuk Logo.png |logo_width = 140px |logo_caption = Emblem of the Heung Yee Kuk |seal = |seal_width = |seal_caption = |formed = 1926 |preceding1 = |preceding2 = |dissolved = |superseding = |headquarters = 30 Muk Street, Shek Mun, Shatin, NT |coordinates = |employees = |budget = |minister1_name = |minister1_pfo = |minister2_name = |minister2_pfo = |chief1_name = Kenneth Lau |chief1_position = Chairman |chief2_name = Cheung Hok-ming and Daniel Lam |chief2_position = Vice-Chairmen |parent_agency = |child1_agency = |child2_agency = |child3_agency = |child4_agency = |child5_agency = |child6_agency = |child7_agency = |child8_agency = |website = {{url|hyknt.org/}} |footnotes = }}{{Chinese |t=鄉議局 |s=乡议局 |j=Hoeng3 ji3 guk6 |y=Heung yi guhk |p=Xiāng Yìjú |l=Rural Council }} The Heung Yee Kuk ({{zh|t=鄉議局|l=Rural Council}}), officially the 'Heung Yee Kuk N.T.', is a statutory advisory body representing establishment interests in the New Territories, Hong Kong. The Kuk is a powerful organisation comprising heads of rural committees which represent villages and market towns. From 1980 to 2015 it was led by Lau Wong-fat, as chairman, a billionaire landowner and heavyweight political figure in the pro-Beijing camp,[1] until he stepped down and was succeeded by his son Kenneth Lau Ip-keung.[2] The organisation has its own functional constituency in the Hong Kong Legislative Council. It also controls 26 seats on the 1200-member committee which selects the Chief executive of Hong Kong.[3] BackgroundIn 1906, i.e. eight years after its lease of the New Territories from the Manchurian Government of the Qing Dynasty began, the British colonial government of Hong Kong interceded in the land rights of indigenous male villages by converting those rights to block Crown leases (on which Crown rent was payable) over village land, creating significant discontent among villagers. The growing antagonism between villager and administration was exacerbated when, in 1923, the colonial administration imposed restraints on building of village houses on the land held by villagers under the leases, including imposing a tax (known as a premium) on permission to build if granted.[4]{{rp|378}} Tensions, whipped up by the newly formed Communist Party of China, boiled over in 1925 and the major upheavals of the Canton-Hong Kong strike crippled Hong Kong.[5] HistoryIt was in these circumstances that the Heung Yee Kuk was formed the next year from the New Territories Association of Agricultural, Industrial and Commercial Research,[6] to "work and negotiate with the government to promote the welfare of the people of the New Territories".[7] It was given formal status by the Heung Yee Kuk Ordinance (Chapter 1097), first enacted 11 December 1959 (originally as no. 45 of 1959) amid the construction of the first New Towns in the New Territories. The Kuk then consisted of 27 Rural Committees representing, in turn, 651 villages. All village representatives on the Rural Committees, generally appointed by village consensus but sometimes by election, had to be male heads of households.[6][8]{{rp|95}} After just one such election was found to have been rigged in 1957, the government withdrew recognition of the Kuk entirely.[8]{{rp|98}} The committees were, in any event, only representative of indigenous villagers, excluding large swathes of the New Territories population right from the Kuk's earliest days.[8]{{rp|97}} After becoming a statutory advisory body, the Kuk met regularly with the New Territories Administration to discuss local issues and influence government policies. Tension came to a head in 1971 when a gathering of a thousand villagers in protest at government village house policy was described by the New Territories Commissioner Denis Bray as a "village uprising".[4]{{rp|380}} As part of administrative reforms proposed by McKinsey in 1974, the colonial government established the position of Secretary for the New Territories to communicate with the Kuk and prepare for development of the area.[9] Over the years the organisation has dabbled in charity work. For example, in 1966 it donated HK$660,000 to found the Heung Yee Kuk Yuen Long District Secondary School, in Yuen Long.{{source?|date=October 2017}} References1. ^Bridge Builder {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328010720/http://www.civic-exchange.org/wp/bridge-builder/ |date=28 March 2012 }}, Christine Loh, Civic Exchange 2. ^{{cite news|title=Heung Yee Kuk chairman steps into father's shoes saying he'll seek his advice|date=1 June 2015|first=Kang-chung|last=Ng|newspaper=South China Morning Post|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1814463/heung-yee-kuk-chairman-steps-fathers-shoes-saying-hell-seek}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=The Heung Yee Kuk: how a village governing body became an empire of rural leaders|date=13 September 2016|newspaper=South China Morning Post}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|title=Resolving Land Disputes in East Asia: Exploring the Limits of Law|last=Goo|first=Say H|editor=Hualing Fu, John Gillespie|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=3 July 2014|isbn=9781107066823}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Horrocks|first=Robert James|title=The Guangzhou-Hong Kong Strike 1925–26|publisher=University of Leeds}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|title=Marginalization in China: Recasting Minority Politics|last1=Lee|first1=J|last2=Nedilsky|first2=L|last3=Cheung|first3=S|publisher=Springer|date=22 June 2009|isbn=9780230622418|page=169}} 7. ^HKBU receives HK$1 million to publish history of Heung Yee Kuk N.T., HKBU Communications Office, 28 April 2011 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Bray|first=Denis|title=Hong Kong: Metamorphosis|date=2001|publisher=Hong Kong University Press|isbn=962209550X|place=Hong Kong}} 9. ^{{cite journal | last=Scott | first=Ian |year= 1982 | title=Administering the New Towns of Hong Kong | journal=Asian Survey | volume= 22 | issue= 7 | pages=665 | doi=10.1525/as.1982.22.7.01p0395f}} External links
6 : Heung Yee Kuk|Hong Kong government departments and agencies|New Territories|Statutory bodies in Hong Kong|Government agencies established in 1959|1926 establishments in Hong Kong |
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