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词条 Highway 1 (Australia)
释义

  1. History

     Route markers 

  2. Track

     Route markers  The Savannah Way section 

  3. Road conditions

  4. Sights

  5. Record

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

  9. Further reading

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}{{Use Australian English|date=September 2015}}{{Infobox Australian road
| type = highway
| road_name = Highway 1
| state = au
| route_image = {{AUshield|R|1|size=x50px|alt=on}} {{AUshield|N|1|size=x50px|alt=on}} {{AUshield|N|M1|size=x50px|alt=on}} {{AUshield|N|A1|size=x50px|alt=on}}
{{AUshield|M|1|size=55px|alt=on}} {{AUshield|A|1|size=55px|alt=on}} {{AUshield|B|1|size=55px|alt=on}}
| location = Highway 1 (Australia) map.png
| location_alt = Map of Australia's Highway 1
| loc_caption = Map of Highway 1, which is a ring road around Australia. A separate section in Tasmania connects Hobart to Burnie.
| maintained =
| length = 14500
| length_ref =
| est =
| history = Highway 1 was established in 1955
| show_links = yes
}}Australia{{'}}s Highway 1 is a network of highways that circumnavigate the country, joining all mainland state capitals. At a total length of approximately {{convert|14500|km|abbr=on}} it is the longest national highway in the world, surpassing the Trans-Siberian Highway (over {{convert|11000|km|abbr=on|disp=or}}) and the Trans-Canada Highway ({{convert|8030|km|abbr=on|disp=or}}). Every day more than a million people travel on a part of it.[1]

History

Highway 1 was created as part of the National Route Numbering system, adopted in 1955.[2] The route was compiled from an existing network of state and local roads and tracks.[2] Highway 1 is the only route to reach across all Australian states and territories, with the exception of the Australian Capital Territory. Many of the other national routes are tributaries of Highway 1.

Under the original Highway 1 scheme, certain major traffic routes that ran parallel to the main route were designated National Route Alternative 1. Most of these route designations have been replaced by either a state route designation, or an alpha-numeric route designation, depending on which state the section is in. An example of the Alternative 1 designation remaining is on the old Princes Highway route from Dandenong to South Melbourne in Victoria.

Route markers

The entirety of Highway 1 was originally marked with a National Route 1 shield (black number on a white shield). In 1974, the segments of the route that were declared part of the National Highway network were updated to use the National Highway shield (gold number on a green shield).[3]

Since that time, all states and territories except for Western Australia have adopted (or are in the process of adopting) alphanumeric route numbers. As a consequence, much of Highway 1 is now marked with a M1, A1 or B1 route marker (depending on the route's quality and importance). A notable exception is in Tasmania, which was the first state to adopt alphanumeric route numbers but Highway 1 is still marked with a National Highway 1 shield.

In South Australia, sections of Highway 1 which were once part of the National Highway are marked as A1 or M1 but retain the National Highway "shield".

Track

From Sydney, it heads southwards to Melbourne via the Eastern Distributor, Southern Cross Drive, General Holmes Drive, The Grand Parade, President Avenue, Princes Highway (NSW), Princes Motorway, Princes Highway (VIC), Princes Freeway (east), Monash Freeway, and CityLink.

It then proceeds to Adelaide via the West Gate Freeway, Princes Freeway (west), Geelong Ring Road, and Princes Highway (SA).

From there it runs to Perth via Port Wakefield Road, Augusta Highway, Eyre Highway, Coolgardie-Esperance Highway, South Coast Highway and South Western Highway.

It then heads to Darwin via Brand Highway, North West Coastal Highway, Great Northern Highway, Victoria Highway, and Stuart Highway.

From Darwin, Highway 1 follows the Stuart Highway to Daly Waters, and thereafter the Carpentaria Highway to Borroloola. The Savannah Way is the largely unsignposted route for Highway 1 between the QLD/NT border, east of Borroloola, and Normanton, Queensland.

From there, it follows the Gulf Developmental Road and Kennedy Highway to Cairns and southwards via the Bruce Highway to Brisbane.

It then returns to Sydney via the Pacific Motorway (QLD/NSW), Pacific Highway (NSW), Pacific Motorway (NSW), Pacific Highway (Sydney), Gore Hill Freeway, Warringah Freeway, Sydney Harbour Tunnel, and the Cahill Expressway.

In Tasmania it starts at the Brooker Highway in Hobart and heads towards Launceston via the Midland Highway. At Launceston it becomes the Bass Highway to Burnie. Highway 1 ends at Burnie; the Bass Highway continues to Marrawah on the west coast as Highway A2.

Large sections of Highway 1 are shared with the Australian National Highway, though the two are not synonymous. For instance, the Princes Highway from Sydney to Melbourne is part of Highway 1, but is not part of the National Highway, which follows the Hume Highway and Freeway.

Route markers

State Segment Route marker Road(s) See also
New South WalesBallina}}NSW|M1}} M1 Pacific Motorway (QLD/NSW)Highway 1 (New South Wales)
Newcastle}}NSW|A1}} A1 Pacific Highway (NSW)
Wahroonga}}NSW|M1}} M1 Pacific Motorway (NSW)
Artarmon}}NSW|A1}} A1 Pacific Highway (NSW)
Mascot}}NSW|M1}} M1Gore Hill Freeway|Warringah Freeway|Sydney Harbour Tunnel|Cahill Expressway|Eastern Distributor|Southern Cross Drive}}
Waterfall}}NSW|A1}} A1General Holmes Drive|The Grand Parade|President Avenue|Princes Highway (NSW)}}
Yallah}}NSW|M1}} M1 Princes Motorway
Yallah to VIC borderNSW|A1}} A1 Princes Highway (NSW)
VictoriaTraralgon}}VIC|A1}} A1 Princes Highway (VIC)Highway 1 (Victoria)
Winchelsea}}VIC|M1}} M1Princes Freeway (east)|Monash Freeway|CityLink (southern link)|West Gate Freeway|Princes Freeway (west)|Geelong Ring Road}}
Winchelsea to SA borderVIC|A1}} A1 Princes Highway (VIC)
South AustraliaTailem Bend}}SA|B1}} B1 Princes Highway (SA)Highway 1 (South Australia)
Murray Bridge}}N|A1}} National Highway A1 Princes Highway (SA)
Glen Osmond}}N|M1}} National Highway M1 South Eastern Freeway
Waterloo Corner}}SA|A1}} A1Glen Osmond Road|Main North Road|Port Wakefield Road }}
Waterloo Corner to WA borderN|A1}} National Highway A1Augusta Highway|Eyre Highway}}
Western AustraliaNorseman}}N|1}} National Highway 1 Eyre HighwayHighway 1 (Western Australia)
Port Hedland}}R|1}} National Route 1Coolgardie–Esperance Highway (south)|South Coast Highway|South Western Highway|Robertson Drive|Forrest Highway|Old Coast Road|Mandurah Road|Ennis Avenue|Patterson Road|Rockingham Road|Stock Road|Leach Highway|Kwinana Freeway|Canning Highway|Great Eastern Highway|Morrison Road|Great Northern Highway|Brand Highway|North West Coastal Highway}}
Port Hedland to NT borderN|1}} National Highway 1Great Northern Highway|Victoria Highway}}
Northern TerritoryKatherine}}N|1}} National Highway 1 Victoria HighwayHighway 1 (Northern Territory)
Daly Waters}}N|1}} National Highway 1 Stuart Highway
Daly Waters to QLD borderR|1}} National Route 1Carpentaria Highway|Savannah Way (see below)}}
QueenslandCairns}}R|1}} National Route 1Savannah Way (see below)|Gulf Developmental Road|Kennedy Highway|Captain Cook Highway}}Highway 1 (Queensland)
Kybong}}QLD|A1}} A1 Bruce Highway
Kybong to NSW borderQLD|M1}} M1Bruce Highway|Gateway Motorway|Pacific Motorway (QLD/NSW)}}
Tasmania Entire RouteN|1}} National Highway 1Brooker Highway|Midland Highway|Brighton Bypass|Bass Highway}} Highway 1 (Tasmania)

The Savannah Way section

The {{convert|715|km|abbr=on}} section from the eastern end of the Carpentaria Highway at Borroloola in the Northern Territory to the western end of the Gulf Developmental Road near Normanton in Queensland is part of the Savannah Way but has no highway name/s. Wollogorang Road runs from Borroloola to the NT/QLD border, and Westmoreland Road runs from there to Doomadgee. From there Doomadgee Road runs to Burketown, and Nardoo Burketown Road then runs to the Leichhardt River. Burketown Normanton Road runs from the river to the Burke Developmental Road near Normanton. National Highway 1 follows this south for {{convert|1.8|km|abbr=on}} to the Gulf Developmental Road.

Road conditions

With such a vast length, road conditions vary greatly;[5] from multi-lane freeways in populous urban and rural areas, to sealed two-laners in remote areas, such as the Nullarbor Plain, to single lane roads, such as in northern Queensland.

Some stretches are very isolated, such as the Eyre Highway, which crosses the Nullarbor Plain, and the Great Northern Highway, which runs close to the north-western coastline. Isolated roadhouses serving the small amount of passing traffic are often the only signs of human activity for hundreds of kilometres.

Highway 1 has been described as a "death trap",[4] particularly two-lane sections in northern Queensland, due to driver fatigue.[4] The vast distances between destinations and limited rest areas, especially those suitable to trucks, contribute to the problem.[4]

Sights

Highway 1 covers practically every major inhabited part of Australia. Large capital cities, busy holiday resorts, dramatic coastlines, forests ranging from tropical to temperate gum forests, giant karri stands, scrubland, deserts, and huge tropical swamps are some of the variety of landscapes that can be found along the route.

Stretches of Highway 1 are very popular with interstate and overseas tourists. A drive around Highway 1 with a major detour to Uluru and back again practically covers most of Australia. The number 1 shield became part of the bush landscape to many travellers, truckers, and country people.

Record

On 18 June 2017 team Highway 1 to Hell set a new record for a complete lap of Australia.[5] While there have been previous attempts (notably Motor Magazine's 2004 record of 6 days, 8 hours and 52 minutes[6]) which skipped inland direct to Mt Isa, the Highway 1 to Hell team travelled the route of Highway 1 skipping Tasmania's stretch of road[7] (equaling 14280km) in 5 days, 13 hours and 43 minutes.[8]

See also

{{Portal|Australian Roads}}{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • Highway 1 (New South Wales)
  • Highway 1 (Northern Territory)
  • Highway 1 (Queensland)
  • Highway 1 (South Australia)
  • Highway 1 (Tasmania)
  • Highway 1 (Victoria)
  • Highway 1 (Western Australia)
  • Highways in Australia
  • List of A1 roads
  • List of highways numbered 1
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Journeys|url=http://www.media.australia.com/en-au/documents/Journeys_Lead_Dec_10.pdf|publisher=Tourism Australia|accessdate=6 February 2013|format=PDF|date=December 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222203231/http://www.media.australia.com/en-au/documents/Journeys_Lead_Dec_10.pdf|archivedate=22 February 2011}}
2. ^1 {{cite book|last=Taylor|first=David|title=The Highway One travel companion. Volume 1, Melbourne to Tweed Heads|year=2012|publisher=Boolarong Press|location=Salisbury, Queensland|isbn=9780987218902|url=http://www.highwayone.net.au/|page=9}}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Distance book|year=2012|publisher=Main Roads Western Australia|isbn=0 7309 7657 2|pages=4–5|url=http://www.mainroads.wa.gov.au/UsingRoads/TouringWAMaps/Pages/DistanceBook.aspx|edition=12|accessdate=8 October 2012}}
4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last=Doyle|first=John|title=Australia's Highway 1|url=http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/breakfast/australias-highway-1/4448274|work=Radio National Breakfast|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=13 January 2013|format=MP3|date=31 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014114406/http://mpegmedia.abc.net.au/rn/podcast/2012/12/bst_20121231_0805.mp3|archivedate=14 October 2013|deadurl=no}}
5. ^Caradvice.com.au- Around Australia speed record broken
6. ^[https://www.motormag.com.au/features/1701/around-australia-in-6-days-part-two Motormag.com.au- Around Australia in 6 days]
7. ^[https://www.facebook.com/Highway1toHell/photos/a.301749160254193.1073741828.301391036956672/301749140254195/?type=3&theater facebook.com- Highway 1 to Hell Route]
8. ^Caradvice.com.au- Around Australia speed record broken

External links

  • {{cite web|last=Male |first=Andrew |title=National Highway One |url=http://www.abc.net.au/backyard/highwayone/ |accessdate=2 October 2007 |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004203156/http://www.abc.net.au/backyard/highwayone/ |archivedate=4 October 2007 }}

Further reading

{{Attached KML|display=title,inline}}{{Wikivoyage}}{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book|title=High Way One: The Ultimate Australian Road Trip|year=2012|publisher=Australian Geographic|isbn=9781742453439|author=Catherine Lawson|author2=David Bristow}}
  • {{Citation | author1=Farwell, George | author2=McArdle, Brian | title=Around Australia on Highway One | publication-date=1966 | publisher=Thomas Nelson (Australia) | url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/8462683 }}
{{refend}}

2 : Highways in Australia|Highway 1 (Australia)
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