| 词条 | Highway patrol |
| 释义 |
A highway patrol is either a police unit created primarily for the purpose of overseeing and enforcing traffic safety compliance on roads and highways, or a detail within an existing local or regional police agency that is primarily concerned with such duties. They are also referred to in many countries as traffic police, although in other countries this term is more commonly used to refer to foot officers on point duty who control traffic at junctions. FunctionsDuties of highway patrols or traffic police may include the following:
ArgentinaIn Argentina, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Argentine National Gendarmerie. AustraliaIn Australia, traffic policing is the responsibility of the state police forces. Each force has its own traffic sections, often a local section in each area and a statewide section.
BelgiumIn Belgium, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Wegpolitie - Police de la Route (WPR) a section of the Federal Police (former Gendarmerie).
BrazilIn Brazil, traffic policing is the responsibility of state and federal police forces accordingly to the highway administration status. State administered highways (usually shorter, within state borders, two-way, single lane, lower traffic) are policed by a branch of the Military Police forces, called State Highway Military Police. At the same time Federal highways and roads (longer, crossing state borders, some double lane and high-traffic) are the responsibility of the Federal Highway Police. CanadaIn Canada, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, except for the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
There is also a third police force in Newfoundland known as the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary, which serves several metropolitan areas.[1] Although this police force no longer exists as the main provincial police service, it is in competition with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for the role. Currently, the provincial sheriffs' service in Alberta maintains a highway patrol that shares traffic duties with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and historically, several provinces, e.g. New Brunswick, have had their own highway patrols. Quebec also operates the Contrôle routier Québec, who enforce traffic laws in relation heavy vehicles. ColombiaIn Colombia, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Highway Police. CroatiaIn Croatia, traffic police special department is the national motorway patrol, patrols the motorways in Croatia. Missions include the prevention and detection of driving offences. The car fleet is BMW 330d, Mercedes-Benz C 320 CDI, Skoda Superb, VW Passat, VW Tuareg, Audi A4, Honda Accord, Ford Mondeo, Opel Vectra and Porsche Carrera 997. Czech RepublicIn the Czech Republic, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Policie CR. FinlandIn the Finland, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Finnish National Police. FranceIn France, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of dedicated units of the Gendarmerie Nationale, the Escadron départementaux de sécurité routière (EDSR) and the CRS autoroutières of the National Police (France). GermanyIn Germany, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Autobahnpolizei section of the Landespolizei. HungaryIn, Hungary, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Law Enforcement and Public Safety Service section of the Rendőrség. IndiaIn India, traffic policing on highways are carried out by state police forces.
IndonesiaIn Indonesia, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Indonesian National Police's Traffic corps. The Indonesian Police Traffic corps (Kor-Lantas) oversees several units which regard to traffic policing including the highway patrol unit. It conducts activities such as traffic law enforcement, management, control, accident handling and prevention, education, and patrolling affairs in the country. The issuing of a driver's license is also conducted by this unit. IrelandThe Garda Traffic Corps, a specialised unit of the Garda Síochána (the national police force for the Republic of Ireland) is responsible for patrolling the countries motorways and other national routes. They patrol using motorbikes, off-road/4X4s, and a mixture of marked and unmarked high-powered saloon cars. ItalyIn Italy, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Polizia Stradale section of the civilian Polizia di Stato and the military Carabinieri. JapanIn Japan, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the {{nihongo|Expressway Traffic Police Units|高速道路交通警察隊|Kōsoku-dōro kōtsu-keisatsu-tai}}, operational units of Traffic department of each Prefectural police departments.[2] MexicoIn Mexico, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Policía Federal. NetherlandsIn the Netherlands, policing on the highways falls under the purview of the Dienst Verkeerspolitie (transportation police), which is one the Landelijke Eenheid (national police services, as opposed to the regional forces). Some regions have their own traffic police organisatie highway patrol, cities as Amsterdam, Den Haag andere Rotterdam. NorwayIn Norway, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of National Mobile Police Service of the Norwegian Police ServicePakistanIn Pakistan, traffic policing on National Highways And Motorways is the responsibility of National Highways & Motorway Police. PolandIn, Poland, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Policja. PortugalIn Portugal, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Republican National Guard. RussiaIn Russia, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of GIBDD section of the Politsiya and Public Security Service of the MVD. SpainIn Spain, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the Civil Guard, except in the autonomous communities with transferred competences on traffic policing (Catalonia and the Basque Country), where regional police forces (Mossos d'Esquadra and Ertzaintza, respectively) are responsibly for this area. In Navarra, traffic policing is shared between the Guardia Civil and the regional police (Policía Foral de Navarra). Sri LankaIn Sri Lanka, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Traffic Police. SwedenIn Sweden, traffic policing is the responsibility of the Swedish Police Authority. All Swedish police officers have the authority to stop drivers but it is only the police officers within the Swedish Traffic Police division who have the authority to clamp vehicles etc. TaiwanIn Taiwan, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the National Police Agency. TurkeyIn Turkey, traffic policing and highway traffic policing are an extra unit at General Directorate of Security.Traffic Police officers in Turkey, controls seat belts, plates, driving licences and alcohols etc. Highway Traffic Police in Turkey works in Highways like the other countries. In Turkey, every police car has a tablet and a GPS device. United KingdomIn the United Kingdom, traffic policing on highways is the responsibility of the road policing unit of the territorial police force.
United StatesMany state police agencies in the United States take the name of "highway patrol" rather than "state police". State police agencies may fulfill the role of highway patrol, and vice versa. For instance, the Arizona Highway Patrol is actually a state police agency, meaning that it is a police body having statewide authority to conduct law enforcement activities and criminal investigations. In addition to its highway patrol duties, it performs functions outside the normal purview of the city police or the county sheriff, such as enforcing traffic laws on state highways and interstate expressways, overseeing the security of the state capitol complex and other state buildings, protecting the governor, providing technological and scientific support services, and helping to coordinate multi-jurisdictional task force activity in serious or complicated cases. The California Highway Patrol also serves as bailiffs and courtroom deputies for certain state courts, such as the appellate courts and the California Supreme Court building in San Francisco. The state traffic enforcement agency retained the name "California Highway Patrol" after the merger of the smaller California State Police with the larger—and better-known—CHP and the combination of their functions into one agency. Some highway patrol organizations, however, such as the Florida Highway Patrol and North Carolina State Highway Patrol, are specifically charged with the enforcement of traffic laws, and while able to enforce other laws, they are not an official "state police" agency, yet retain their statewide jurisdiction[3] in the same vein as the California Highway Patrol or the New Jersey State Police. In other cases, states like Texas have a bona fide and appropriately named state police department such as the Texas Department of Public Safety, of which only one arm is a highway patrol division.[4] In addition, the police departments of Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Nassau and Suffolk counties in New York have highway patrol units.{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} A privately compiled list of Highway Patrol organizations and similar state police agencies is available on the web.[5] The Iowa State Patrol maintains a list of phone numbers and cell phone dialing codes for non-emergency calls to the dispatchers of the Highway Patrol organizations in all 50 states.[6] These numbers are useful for motorists who want to report aggressive driving, driving under the influence, or other dangerous but not life-threatening situations that do not require a 9-1-1 call. Highway patrol and state police officers are often referred to as "State Trooper". Historically, a troop was a small cavalry unit; many state police forces originated as mounted paramilitary forces who were stationed in barracks like soldiers, hence the term "trooper." A state trooper goes by the title "trooper", as in "Trooper John Smith". Some agencies, particularly on the east coast, refer to their state police offices as "barracks," although troopers generally do not reside there. Other state police forces, particularly highway patrols as in California, have always modeled themselves after police officers who simply commute to work like ordinary civilians. Like police officers, they use the title "officer." Other states use the term "Patrolmen" in reference to members of the State Police or Highway Patrol. Many states and their Departments of Transportation have organized government-run freeway service patrols, Highway Assistance Patrols, or Highway Safety Patrols, to assist with highway emergencies as needed. While not law enforcement personnel, these persons provide free service to motorists in distress, and secure lanes of traffic, provide emergency medical assistance, request tow trucks for vehicles in inconvenient or dangerous locations, remove debris from the roadway after a crash, and resolve minor disabled vehicle problems, such as flat tires, jumpstarts, or pushing a disabled vehicle out of travel lanes. Many of these patrols work directly with the State Police and Highway Operations departments of their state, and respond to assistance when a citizen calls 911 for minor roadside assistance duties.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} {{div col|colwidth=16em}}
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Constabulary Website|url=http://www.rnc.gov.nl.ca/|accessdate=27 January 2012}} {{SPHPbystate}}{{Traffic law}}{{Types of law enforcement agencies}}Histoire de la police#Polices autoroutières2. ^{{Cite book|editor=National Police Agency Police History Compilation Committee|year=1977|title=Japan post-war police history|publisher=Japan Police Support Association|language=Japanese|id={{NCID|BN15987654}}|pages=934–1051}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nccrimecontrol.org/Index2.cfm?a=000003,000014 |title=NC Department of Crime Control and Public Safety |publisher=Nccrimecontrol.org |date= |accessdate=2009-06-11}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.dps.texas.gov/orgchart/OrgChart.pdf|title=Texas DPS Organization Chart|last=|first=|date=27 Dec 2017|website=www.dps.texas.gov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626045036/http://www.dps.texas.gov/orgchart/OrgChart.pdf|archive-date=25 Jun 2018|dead-url=|access-date=}} 5. ^{{cite web|author=Terrance D. Martin |url=http://www.statetroopersdirectory.com/ |title=Official Directory of State Patrol and State Police |publisher=Statetroopersdirectory.com |accessdate=2009-06-11}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dps.state.ia.us/ISP/information/emergency_numbers.shtml |title=Iowa State Patrol Division - Emergency Contacts While Traveling in Iowa |publisher=Dps.state.ia.us |date=2009-05-19 |accessdate=2009-06-11}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.honolulupd.org/department/index.php?page=history|title=About HPD|publisher=}} 5 : Highways|Law enforcement units|State agencies of the United States|Transportation government agencies of the United States|Law enforcement |
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