词条 | Historical Chinese anthems | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Historical Chinese anthems comprise a number of Chinese official and unofficial national anthems composed during the early 20th century. "Chinese national anthem" may refer to:
Tune of Li Zhongtang{{Main|Tune of Li Zhongtang}}Quasi-officialIn 1896, for purposes of diplomatic missions to Western Europe and Russia, Li Hongzhang (Zhongtang being a term of respect for a vizier or prime minister) employed in political lyrics combined with classical Chinese music to create a song later known as "The Tune of Li Zhongtang" (李中堂樂). Praise the Dragon Flag{{Main|Praise the Dragon Flag}}Quasi-officialAfter the Department of the Army was established in 1906, Praise the Dragon Flag became the army song, and has been played at formal occasions overseas. ¹ 兆usually means one trillion (1012), but it could mean one million (106), and should have that value here in the song for factual accuracy. See Chinese numerals for details. Cup of Solid Gold (1911–1912){{Main|Cup of Solid Gold}}OfficialThe Cup of Solid Gold became the official national anthem of the Qing Empire in less than a week when the Wuchang Uprising occurred in 1911. It lasted for about one year until the end of the establishment of the republic. It is in classical Chinese. Song of Five Races Under One Union{{Main|Song of Five Races Under One Union}}ProvisionalAfter the establishment of the provisional government in Nanjing, the Ministry of Education under Cai Yuanpei asked the public for possible anthems (as well as coats of arms), and "Song of Five Races under One Union" (五旗共和歌), with lyrics by Shen Enfu (沈恩孚) and music by Shen Pengnian (沈彭年), was released as a draft in the newspaper. How Great is Our China!UnofficialAlso called "Patriotic Song" (愛國歌), "How Great is Our China!" (泱泱哉,我中華!) has lyrics written by Liang Qichao and music by overseas Chinese at Datong School (大同學校), Yokohama. Released in 1912, it became quite popular, especially among students.[1]
Song to the Auspicious Cloud (1913–1928){{Main|Song to the Auspicious Cloud}}OfficialThe Song to the Auspicious Cloud has two versions, one used in 1913 and another after 1920. First versionOn April 8, 1913, this national anthem was used in the opening ceremony of the 1st Regular Council; the last line was added by Wang Baorong (汪寶榮), with other lines from Shang Shu; it was set to music by Jeans Hautstont. Second versionIn November 1919, Duan Qirui established the National Anthem Research Committee (國歌研究會), which adopted:
The anthem was released in July 1921 by the Department of National Affairs (國務院). ¹糺 (jiū "collaborate") is sometimes written as 糾 (jiū "investigate") or 織 (zhī "to web") China Heroically Stands in the Universe (1915–1921){{Main|China Heroically Stands in the Universe}}OfficialAfter general Yuan Shikai became head of state, the Ritual Regulations Office (禮制館) issued the new official anthem, China Heroically Stands in the Universe (中國雄立宇宙間) in June 1915. Its lyrics were written by Yin Chang (廕昌) and music by Wang Lu (王露).[2] Song of National RevolutionProvisionalWritten by officers of the Whampoa Military Academy, the "Revolution of the Citizens" song (國民革命歌Guomin Geming Ge), sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques (commonly known as "Two Tigers" in China)," was released on July 1, 1926. The Internationale{{Main|The Internationale}}When the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in 1931, the Internationale in Chinese was decided to be its national anthem, since it followed the ideals of Communism, especially the Soviet Union. [4] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|title=藝文誌|publisher=藝文誌文化事業有限公司|location=Taiwan|pages=10|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=y4zSAAAAMAAJ&q=%E6%B3%B1%E6%B3%B1%E5%93%89%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%EF%BC%81&dq=%E6%B3%B1%E6%B3%B1%E5%93%89%EF%BC%8C%E6%88%91%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%EF%BC%81&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwix072UhofPAhXJJ5QKHZ1gAXUQ6AEIITAB|language=zh-TW}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=上海文史|date=1989|publisher=上海文史编委员|location=Shanghai|page=279|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=WQg3AQAAIAAJ&q=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%84%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%96%93%EF%B9%90&dq=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%84%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E9%96%93%EF%B9%90&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiU6b3lhofPAhWNQpQKHeqoDC8Q6AEIIzAB|accessdate=11 September 2016|language=zh}} 3. ^{{zh icon}} Xinhua Net: Collections of military revolutionary songs 4. ^{{zh icon}} People's Daily: History of Chinese national anthems in a hundred years External links
5 : Chinese traditional music|National symbols of China|Historical national anthems|Chinese patriotic songs|Asian anthems |
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