| 词条 | Chełmno nad Nerem |
| 释义 |
| name = Chełmno | settlement_type = Village | total_type = | image_skyline =Kościół Narodzenia w Chełmnie.jpg | image_caption =Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Chełmno, where during World War II Jews were held overnight prior to their transfer to the old Chełmno castle, which served as extermination centre. | image_flag = | image_shield = | image_map = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag icon|Poland}} Poland | subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship | subdivision_name1 = Greater Poland | subdivision_type2 = County | subdivision_name2 = Koło | subdivision_type3 = Gmina | subdivision_name3 = Dąbie | coordinates = {{coord|52|6|49|N|18|44|55|E|region:PL|display=inline}} | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = right | elevation_m = | population_total = 350 | website = }}Chełmno, often known by its full name Chełmno nad Nerem ({{IPA-pl|ˈxɛu̯mnɔ ˌnad ˈnɛrɛm|pron}}; meaning Chełmno on the Ner river) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbie, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.[1] It lies approximately {{convert|19|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} south-east of Koło and {{convert|135|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} east of the regional capital Poznań. The village has a population of 350. It is the location of the Chełmno Extermination Camp Museum (pl) founded in 1994.[2] The Holocaust MuseumThe village, during World War II renamed as {{lang-de|Kulmhof an der Nehr}}, is the historic site of the Chełmno extermination camp, operated in 1941–45 by Nazi Germany. In 1987, the Holocaust Museum in Chełmno was established as branch of the District Museum in Konin. The site has been the subject of historical studies for decades, and a lot of preliminary work has already been done between 1961 and 1964; but also, serious mistakes were made at that time, for example, the remnants of the original gas van were not saved.[3] In the 1980s aerial photography was used to map out the precise location of the mass graves, the barracks and the field crematorium. Further archeological studies were conducted, and the foundations of various camp structures were unearthed and preserved, including the Las rzuchowski (Rzuchowski forest) cemetery. They were followed by archival research and interviews with the locals. The construction of the actual museum began in 1988. It was inaugurated on June 17, 1990 along with the newly built Wall of Remembrance {{convert|37.5|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} long. The new memorials are still being added to the site. The camp museum is visited by around 50,000 guests annually.[3] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/broker/access/prefile/listPreFiles.jspa |title=Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal) |date=2008-06-01 |language=Polish}} 2. ^Chełmno Extermination Camp Museum (Muzeum byłego niemieckiego Obozu Zagłady Kulmhof w Chełmnie nad Nerem). Homepage. 3. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.muzeum.com.pl/content/view/137/243/lang,polish/ | title=Upamiętnienie ofiar | publisher=Biuro Muzeum w Chełmnie | work=Były Obóz Zagłady w Chełmnie nad Nerem | accessdate=October 31, 2012 | author=Zbigniew Pakuła | pages=1 of 5 | language=Polish}}
2 : Villages in Koło County|Holocaust locations in Poland |
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