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词条 HMS Avenger (F185)
释义

  1. Royal Navy service

  2. Pakistan Navy service

  3. Notes

  4. Publications

{{other ships|HMS Avenger}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2011}}{{more citations needed|date=May 2008}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpgShip caption=PNS Tippu Sultan, former HMS Avenger
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country=United KingdomUnited Kingdom|naval}}Ship name=HMS AvengerShip namesake=Ship ordered=Ship awarded=Ship builder=Yarrow ShipbuildersShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down=30 October 1974Ship launched=20 November 1975Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned=15 April 1978Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=23 September 1994Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=HMNB DevonportShip registry=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Falkland Islands 1982Ship captured=Ship identification=Pennant number: F185Ship fate=Sold to Pakistan on 23 September 1994Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=PakistanPakistan|naval}}Ship name=PNS Tippu SultanShip namesake=Ship acquired=23 September 1994Ship commissioned=Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship in service=Ship out of service=Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship registry=Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship captured=Ship identification=Pennant number: D185Ship fate=Ship status={{Ship in active service}}Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Ship class=Type 21 frigateShip displacement=3,250 tons full load384|ft|m|abbr=on}}41|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship height=19|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}Ship depth=Ship decks=Ship propulsion=*COGOG:
  • 2 × Rolls-Royce Olympus gas turbines
  • 2 × Rolls-Royce Tyne RM1A gas turbines for cruising
32|kn}} official, 37 knots achievable on bursts4,000|nmi|km mi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|17|kn}}Ship endurance=Ship boats=Ship capacity=Ship complement=177Ship crew=Ship time to activate=Ship troops=Ship sensors=Ship EW=Ship armament=*Royal Navy:
  • 1 × 4.5 inch Mark 8 (113 mm)
  • 4 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
  • 4 × MM38 Exocet missiles
  • 1 × quadruple Sea Cat surface-air-missiles
  • 2 × triple ASW torpedo tubes
  • 2 × Corvus chaff launchers
  • 1 × Type 182 towed decoy
  • Pakistan Navy:
  • 1 × 4.5 inch Mark 8 (113 mm) gun
  • 2 × Oerlikon 20 mm cannon
  • 1 × Phalanx CIWS
  • 8 × Harpoon missiles
  • 2 × Mark 36 SRBOC chaff launchers
Ship armour=Ship aircraft=1 × Westland Wasp helicopter, later refitted for 1 × Alouette III and 1 × Westland LynxShip aircraft facilities=Ship notes=
}}

HMS Avenger was a Type 21 frigate of the Royal Navy. Built by Yarrow Shipbuilders Ltd, Glasgow, Scotland, she was completed with Exocet launchers in 'B' position.

Royal Navy service

With the appointment of Captain Hugo White in 1981, Avenger became leader of the 4th Frigate Squadron. Avenger was a late arrival at the Falklands War, as she didn't leave the UK until 10 May 1982, arriving on 25 May - a record for any ship involved in the operations, and a great distance ito have covered in 14 days.[1] The Rolls Royce Olympus turbines of Type 21 frigates enabled them to maintain high speeds, but at the time the Royal Navy preferred this information not to be publicised. Avenger had averaged 28 knots and the Type 21s became nicknamed the Boy Racers.[2] Captain White led Avenger in the Falklands War surviving an attack by an Exocet missile which it shot out of the sky with the 4.5 inch mark 8 gun on the focsle of the ship. Her divers salvaged a 20mm Oerlikon from the wreck of HMS Antelope which was remounted to increase her anti-aircraft capability, referred to on board as "Antelope's Avenger".[3] She also assisted with naval gunfire support during the campaign.

On 11 June she was conducting naval bombardments of Port Stanley in preparation for an amphibious assault by British troops. She directly struck a house where civilians were sheltering, killing three Falkland Islander women and wounding several others. They were the only British civilian casualties of the Falklands War.[4][5]

During the Falklands deployment, an alarming crack in the ship's hull progressively worsened with the stormy South Atlantic weather. On return to UK, she was taken in for refitting, with a steel plate being welded down each side of the ship to eliminate the problem. At the same time modifications were made to reduce hull noise.

After the war she remained leader of the 4th Frigate Squadron until 1986.

Pakistan Navy service

{{other ships|PNS Tippu Sultan}}Avenger was decommissioned and sold to Pakistan on 23 September 1994, where she was refitted[6] and renamed Tippu Sultan. She is the third ship to carry this name[7] and remains in service with the Pakistan Navy as part of the 25th Destroyer Squadron.[8]{{clear left}}

Notes

1. ^Marriott, Leo, 1983. Royal Navy Frigates 1945-1983, Ian Allan Ltd, Surrey, p104
2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/10889508/Admiral-Sir-Hugo-White-obituary.html|title=Admiral Sir Hugo White - obituary|work=Daily Telegraph|date=10 Jun 2014|accessdate=11 June 2014}}
3. ^Marriott, Leo, 1983. Royal Navy Frigates 1945-1983, Ian Allan Ltd, Surrey, p104
4. ^{{cite book |title=Ethics and War: An Introduction (Cambridge Applied Ethics) |date=February 13, 2012 |author=Steven P. Lee |page=33 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-5217-2757-X }}
5. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-18135404 |work=BBC |title=Falklands War memorial unveiled at National Arboretum |date=20 May 2012 | accessdate=19 July 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy-intro.htm|title=Pakistan|publisher=www.globalsecurity.org|accessdate=17 January 2009}}
7. ^The Pakistan Society newsletter, October 2005 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902172114/http://www.thepakistansociety.org.uk/images/newsletters/the_pakistan_society_newsletter_october_2005.pdf |date=2 September 2009 }}
8. ^Pakistan Navy: A Silent Force to Reckon with {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129164719/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/destroyer.htm |date=29 January 2009 }}

Publications

{{refbegin}}
  • {{colledge}}
  • Marriott, Leo, 1983. Royal Navy Frigates 1945-1983, Ian Allan Ltd, Surrey. {{ISBN|978-0-7110-1322-3}}
{{refend}}{{Type 21 frigate}}{{Falklands War British ships}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Avenger (F185)}}

3 : Type 21 frigates|Falklands War naval ships of the United Kingdom|1975 ships
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