| 词条 | HMS Kent (D12) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Kent was a batch-1 {{sclass2-|County|destroyer|0}} destroyer of the Royal Navy. She and her sisters were equipped with the Sea Slug Mk-1 medium-range surface-to-air missile SAM system, along with the short-range Sea Cat SAM, two twin 4.5-inch gun turrets, two single 20mm cannon, ASW torpedo tubes, and a platform and hangar that allowed her to operate one Wessex helicopter. The County class were large ships, with good seakeeping abilities and long range, and were ideal blue-water ships for their time. Construction and designKent was one of two County-class destroyers ordered under the British Admiralty's 1956–57 shipbuilding programme.[1] She was laid down at Harland & Wolff's Belfast shipyard on 1 March 1960[2] and launched by Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent on 27 September 1961.[3] The ship was completed on 15 August 1963.[2]Kent was {{convert|521|ft|6|in|m}} long overall and {{convert|505|ft|m|2}} between perpendiculars, with a beam of {{convert|54|ft|m|2}} and a draught of {{convert|20|ft|6|in|m}}. Displacement was {{convert|6200|LT|t}} normal and {{convert|6900|LT|t}} deep load.[2] The ship was propelled by a combination of steam turbines and gas turbines in a Combined steam and gas (COSAG) arrangement, driving two propeller shafts. Each shaft could by driven by a single {{convert|15000|shp|kW}} steam turbine (fed with steam at {{convert|700|psi|kPa}} and {{convert|950|F|C K}}) from Babcock & Wilcox boilers[4]) and two Metrovick G6 gas turbines (each rated at {{convert|7500|shp|kW}}), with the gas turbines being used for high speeds and to allow a quick departure from ports without waiting for steam to be raised.[5] Maximum speed was {{convert|30|kn|mph km/h}} and the ship had a range of {{convert|3500|nmi|mi km}} at {{convert|28|kn|mph km/h}}.[6][2]A twin launcher for the Seaslug anti-aircraft missile was fitted aft.[6] The Seaslug GWS1 was a beam riding missile which had an effective range of about {{convert|34000|yd|mi km|disp=out}}.[7] Up to 39 Seaslugs could be carried horizontally in a magazine that ran much of the length of the ship.[8][9] Close-in anti-aircraft protection was provided by a pair of Seacat (missile) launchers, while two twin QF 4.5 inch Mark V gun mounts were fitted forward. A helicopter deck and hangar allowed a single Westland Wessex helicopter to be operated.[2] A Type 965 long-range air-search radar and a Type 278 height-finding radar was fitted on the ship's mainmast, with a Type 992Q navigation radar and an array of ESM aerials were mounted on the ship's foremast. Type 901 fire control radar for the Seaslug missile was mounted aft.[10] Type 184 sonar was fitted.[7] Operational serviceAfter her commissioning and work-up, Kent spent the balance of her career as an escort to the Royal Navy's aircraft carrier fleet. She deployed at various times with {{HMS|Victorious|R38|2}}, {{HMS|Eagle|R05|2}}, and {{HMS|Hermes|R12|2}} in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. She was hard worked throughout the 1960s, along with her batch-1 County sister ships, as they were the only guided missile-armed destroyers in the fleet until the later half of the 1960s. One role was as host ship for the Withdrawal from Empire negotiations in Gibraltar. She suffered a fire during refitting in 1976 but was soon repaired and was present for the Silver Jubilee fleet review of 1977. In the late 1960s all four of the batch-1 County-class vessels were planned to be upgraded with the superior Sea Slug Mk-2 system, but the upgrades were cancelled in 1967–68 because the amount of time the ships would be out of the operational fleet while being refitted. [11] {{HMS|Hampshire|D06|2}} and {{HMS|Devonshire|D02|2}} paid off early in 1976 and 1978 respectively. Some of the improvements in the second group of County destroyers, were fitted; Kent and {{HMS|London|D16|2}} had their Seacat directors updated from GWS21 to GWS22, and the later model of 992 radar target indicator was on Devonshire, Kent and London by May 1974. Decommissioning and harbour serviceKent was decommissioned in the summer of 1980, after only 17 years of active service and became the replacement for HMS Fife and Fleet Training Ship (FTS), moored to the lower end of Whale Island outboard of the defunct support ship {{HMS|Rame Head}} opposite Fountain Lake, Portsmouth Naval Base. At the beginning of the Falklands War, she was surveyed for possible recommissioning (her large size, helicopter deck and four 4.5-inch guns would have made her a good command and shore bombardment ship), but her two years of unmaintained status meant a substantial amount of refit would be required to make her seaworthy, and no work was begun. She spent 1982 through to 1984 as a live asset for artificer and mechanic training supporting HMS Collingwood and HMS Sultan, her machinery largely in serviceable condition. In 1984 she also became a harbour training ship for the Sea Cadet Corps. She was paid off from this in 1987 and became a training hulk at Portsmouth until stricken in 1993, though she lingered on, tied up to the same pier at Portsmouth Naval Base until 1996. Kent was sold for scrap, and in 1998 she was towed to India to be broken up.HMS Kent (D12) Association is a thriving group for former members of the ships company of Kent, annual reunions are held and any former shipmates can join the association by searching for the page on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/groups/hmskentd12/1230144330414210/?comment_id=1230290317066278¬if_t=group_comment_reply¬if_id=1488921878589228[12]Commanding officers
See also{{Commonscat-inline|HMS Kent (D12)}}
References1. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|pp=192, 330}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chumbley|1995|p=508}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=A Third Guided Missile Ship Launched: Kent named|newspaper=Navy News |date=October 1961 |page=1|url=https://issuu.com/navynews/docs/196110 |accessdate=29 August 2018}} 4. ^{{Harvnb|Blackman|1971|p=346}} 5. ^{{Harvnb|Marriott|1989|pp=102, 110}} 6. ^1 {{Harvnb|Marriott|1989|p=110}} 7. ^1 {{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|p=192}} 8. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|p=188}} 9. ^{{Harvnb|Marriott| 1989|p=102}} 10. ^{{Harvnb|Marriott|1989|p=105}} 11. ^{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|pp=192–193}} 12. ^History : HMS Kent : Type 23 Frigates : Surface Fleet : Operations and Support : Royal Navy {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510050857/http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.1523 |date=10 May 2008 }} Publications
4 : County-class destroyers of the Royal Navy|1961 ships|Cold War destroyers of the United Kingdom|Ships built in Belfast |
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