| 词条 | HMS Orion (85) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Orion was a Leander-class light cruiser which served with distinction in the Royal Navy during World War II. She received 13 battle honours, a record only exceeded by {{HMS|Warspite|03|6}} and matched by two others. HistoryOrion was built by Devonport Dockyard (Plymouth, U.K), Vickers-Armstrong (Newcastle-on-Tyne, UK). Orion was commissioned on 18 January 1934, for service with the Home Fleet but she was transferred to the North America and West Indies Station in 1937 where she was with the 8th Cruiser Squadron. The cruiser conveyed the ashes of Lord Tweedsmuir, Governor-General of Canada, back to England in February 1940. In June 1940 she was transferred to the Mediterranean, where she was with the 7th Cruiser Squadron as John Tovey's flagship. She took part in the bombardment of Bardia, and the Battle of Calabria in July 1940. Late in that month, she sank the small Greek freighter Ermioni which was ferrying supplies to the Italian-held Dodecanese islands.[3] During the rest of 1940 she escorted Malta convoys and transported troops to Greece. In the early part of 1941 she was in the Crete and Aegean areas and was also at the Battle of Cape Matapan in March 1941. In the course of an attack on a German convoy headed for Crete on 22 May, she was damaged in a duel with its escort, the Italian torpedo boat Lupo. On 29 May 1941, during the evacuation of Crete, she was bombed and badly damaged while transporting 1900 evacuated troops.{{sfnp|Rippon, Vol. 2|1994|pages=12–15}} Around 360 lives were lost, of whom 100 were soldiers. After extensive damage control had been undertaken she limped to Alexandria at {{convert|12|kn}}, providing a spectacular sight in the harbour with the mast wedged into the ship’s funnel and significant battle damage. On 29 June Orion sailed for passage to Simonstown, South Africa via Aden for temporary repairs and then sent to the Mare Island Naval Shipyard in Vallejo, California for major repairs.[4] Orions repairs were completed in March 1942 and she returned initially to Plymouth where new radar was installed. During mid 1942, she was widely employed, in home waters and on convoy escort duties to Africa and the Indian Ocean.[4]Orion returned to the Mediterranean in October 1942. This time she was with the 15th Cruiser Squadron. She was involved in convoy escort duties and supported the army in the invasion of Sicily. She spent most of the rest of the war around the Mediterranean. James Gornall the former English first-class cricketer, promoted to Captain in 1941 was placed in command of her in 1943. She also took part in the Normandy Landings in June 1944, where she fired the first shell. Corfu Channel IncidentOrion was involved in the Corfu Channel Incident. FateOrion ended service in 1947, was sold for scrap to Arnott Young (Dalmuir, Scotland) on 19 July 1949 and was scrapped in August 1949. Battle honours
Only {{HMS|Jervis|F00|2}} and {{HMS|Nubian|F36|2}}, who served in the Mediterranean with Orion matched this record; it was exceeded by Warspite, the Mediterranean Fleet flagship, which saw service in both World Wars. Notes1. ^Lenton & Colledge 1968 p.39 2. ^Campbell 1985 p.34 3. ^Greene, J.; Massignani, A. (2002) [1998]. The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943 (pbk. ed.). Rochester: Chatham, p. 86. {{ISBN|978-1-86176-190-3}}. 4. ^1 {{cite web | last = Mason | first = Lt Cdr Geoffrey B | title = HMS Orion – Leander-class Light Cruiser | work = Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2 | publisher = | date = 2005 | url = http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-06CL-Orion.htm | doi = | accessdate = 13 July 2010 }} References{{Commons category|HMS Orion (85)}}
|title=Evolution of Engineering in the Royal Navy |volume=2: 1939–1992 |last=Rippon |first=P.M., Cdr RN |year=1994 |publisher=Institute of Marine Engineers |isbn=0-907206-47-6 |ref={{harvid|Rippon|1994, Vol. 2}} |chapter=2: Ship Construction |pages=12–15 }}{{Leander class cruiser 1931}}{{1946 shipwrecks}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Orion (85)}} 6 : Leander-class cruisers (1931) of the Royal Navy|Ships built in Plymouth, Devon|1932 ships|World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom|Maritime incidents in 1946|Corfu Channel incident |
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