| 词条 | Holbeach |
| 释义 |
|static_image_name = UK Holbeach.jpg |static_image_caption = Mosaic in Holbeach |country = England |coordinates = {{coord|52.8037|0.0154|display=inline,title}} |official_name = Holbeach |population = 10,458 |population_ref = (2011)[1] |shire_district = South Holland |shire_county = Lincolnshire |region = East Midlands |constituency_westminster = South Holland and The Deepings |post_town = SPALDING |postcode_district = PE12 |postcode_area = PE |dial_code = 01406 |os_grid_reference = TF358248 |london_distance_mi= 85 |london_direction= S }} Holbeach is a fenland market town in the South Holland district of southern Lincolnshire, England. The town lies {{convert|8|mi|km}} from Spalding; {{convert|17|mi|km}} from Boston; {{convert|20|mi|km}} from King's Lynn; {{convert|23|mi|km}} from Peterborough; and {{convert|43|mi|km}} by road from the county town of Lincoln. It is on the junction of the A151 and A17. The main High Street is the B1515. The Prime Meridian of the world passes through the west of Holbeach and is marked with a millstone at Wignals Gate.[2] HistoryA number of Roman and Romano-British pottery finds have been made in and about the town.[3] The town's market charter was awarded in 1252 to Thomas de Moulton, a local baron. All Saints' Church was built in the 14th century and the porch, which was built around 1700, possibly incorporated parts of de Moulton's ruined castle.[4] The associated All Saints' Hospital, for a warden and fifteen poor persons, was founded by Sir John of Kirton, in 1351. It had ceased to exist before the suppression of chantries and hospitals. The antiquarian William Stukeley reported that his father removed the ruins from the site which is now occupied by the Chequers Inn.[5] Until the beginning of the 17th century, the sea came to within {{convert|2|mi|km}} of the town and there were severe floods recorded in the 13th and 16th centuries. The land drainage programmes that followed moved the coastline of the Wash to {{convert|9|mi|km}} away, leaving Holbeach surrounded by more than {{convert|23,000|acre|km2}} of reclaimed fertile agricultural land.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} In 1615, nominees of the Earl of Argyll were entitled to the land which was reclaimed from the sea in Wigtoft, Moulton, Whaplode, Holbeach and Tydd St Mary. The Earl paid for the work, but differences of opinion stalled the project after 1634.{{sfn |Darby |1956 |p=44}} Further enclosure of marshes were recorded in 1660, in Gedney, Whaplode, Holbeach and Moulton.{{sfn |Darby |1956 |p=82}} The work included the building of an embankment, and resulted in {{convert|9798|acre|km2}} being added to Holbeach parish. A second embankment was built under the provisions of the South Holland Embankment Act (1793) and added another {{convert|2059|acre|km2}}. Following unsuccessful attempts in the 1830s, the rest of Holbeach Marsh was enclosed in 1840. The project was directed by Mr. Millington, and the total area added to the parish by all these enclosures was {{convert|12390|acre|km2}}.{{sfn |Wheeler |1896 |pp=123–124}} The Spalding and Norwich Railway, (later incorporated in the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway), opened Holbeach railway station in 1862. Like the rest of the M&GN route, it closed to passengers in 1959 (before the Beeching Axe) and the line closed entirely in 1965.[6] The 19th century also saw the building of several small churches, including a Wesleyan chapel, built on Chapel Street in 1808,[7] and a Baptist chapel, which was built on Albert Street in 1845 using red brick and colourwashed render.[8] The Second World War defences constructed at nearby Lawyers Creek comprise a number of pillboxes including the rare Ruck machine gun post.{{sfn|Foot|2006|pp=150–155}} GeographyThe name "Holbeach" also applies to the civil parish of Holbeach. The parish is one of the largest by area in England, and extends from Cambridgeshire to the Wash, measuring {{convert|16|mi|km}} north to south, and about {{convert|4|mi|km}} east to west. The total population of the parish is almost 24,000 with approximately 5,000 in Holbeach town. The town has the most inhabitants and services compared to the villages surrounding it which incorporate its name. Along with the town of Holbeach proper, the name is found in a number of villages in the Lincolnshire Fens: Holbeach Bank, Holbeach Clough, Holbeach Drove, Holbeach Fen, Holbeach Hurn, Holbeach St Johns, Holbeach St Marks and Holbeach St Matthew. This repetition of a name for a collection of close-lying villages is not unknown in the Fens: Gedney, Tydd, and Walpole are other examples. The drainage of land around Holbeach is now the responsibility of the South Holland Internal Drainage Board,[9] part of the Water Management Alliance, formerly known as the King’s Lynn Consortium of Internal Drainage Boards. EconomyMuch of the economy has been based on food processing and bulb growing. The United Kingdom's largest supplier of tulip and daffodil bulbs is situated to the north of the town and flour milling continues at Barrington Mill.[10] CommunityLocal public houses are the Horse & Groom, the Mansion House on High Street, the Crown Hotel on West Street and the String of Horses on Boston Road South. The Station Inn, Red Lion, Chequers Hotel the Exchange and the Black Bull on Fleet Street have closed. The Royal Air Force maintains a bombing range, known officially as RAF Holbeach, on salt marshland at the coast of Holbeach parish, near the village of Gedney Drove End.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} The RAF station is situated approximately {{convert|11|mi|km}} north-west of Holbeach town centre. The town is served by the local South Holland radio station Tulip Radio from nearby Spalding.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} EducationThere are two primary schools in Holbeach – Holbeach Primary School and William Stukeley Church of England Primary School. The local secondary school on Park Road was called the George Farmer Technology & Language College but, in September 2011, it became the University Academy Holbeach. Holbeach is the base for a campus of the University of Lincoln, redeveloped in 2004 on the Park Road site of the former Holbeach Agricultural Centre and now known as Holbeach Technology Park. The campus specialises in food manufacturing technology.[11] Sport
The local football club is Holbeach United, founded in 1929.[12] The team plays in the United Counties League, part of the English football league system, and are known as the Tigers in reference to 'Fen Tigers', 18th-century local people who fought against the destruction of their way of life through the draining of the Fens.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} Speedway racing took place at nearby Bell End at Whaplode St Catherine.[13] Details of the events are sketchy and some reports suggest the venue had grass-surfaced straights and dirt-surfaced bends. The venue is known to have operated in the immediate post-war era but closed in 1948. Notable people
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=11124668&c=Holbeach&d=16&e=62&g=6446995&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1440414374342&enc=1|title=Parish population 2011|accessdate=24 August 2015|publisher=Office for National Statistics|work=Neighbourhood Statistics}} 2. ^Greenwich Meridian 3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/arch-1045-1/dissemination/pdf/ArchaeologicalImplications_HolbeachCA.pdf |title=Archaeological Implications of the Reappraisal of Holbeach Conservation Area |publisher=South Holland District Council |page=1 |accessdate=31 May 2013}} 4. ^{{NHLE |num=1064486 |desc=Church of All Saints|accessdate=31 May 2013}} 5. ^{{PastScape|mnumber=353762|mname=Medieval hospital|accessdate=11 October 2009}} 6. ^{{PastScape|mnumber=507021|mname=Railway station|accessdate=11 October 2009}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://holbeachplan.org/files/2012/02/Holbeach-Parish-Plan.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305072233/http://holbeachplan.org/files/2012/02/Holbeach-Parish-Plan.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=5 March 2016 |title=Holbeach Parish Plan |year=2008 |page=27 |accessdate=31 May 2013 }} 8. ^{{NHLE |num=1308789 |desc=Baptist Chapel, Albert Street|accessdate=31 May 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wlma.org.uk/index.pl?id=23|title=South Holland IDB web presence}} 10. ^Smiths Flour Mills website 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/holbeach/ |title=College web site}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Holbeach United FC|url=http://www.pitchero.com/clubs/holbeachunitedfc|website=Pitchero|accessdate=17 May 2017}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=Holbeach Speedway|url=http://www.defunctspeedway.co.uk/Holbeach%20Speedway.htm|website=Defunct Speedway Tracks|accessdate=17 May 2017}} 14. ^"Sporting glory days remembered", This is Lincolnshire. Retrieved 24 October 2011 15. ^Holbeach Parish Plan 2088. Communitylincs.com. Retrieved 24 October 2011 Further reading
|last=Darby |first=H C |title=The Draining of the Fens |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1956 |edition=2nd |isbn=978-0-521-07430-8 |ref=harv}}
| last = Foot | first = William | title = Beaches, fields, streets, and hills ... the anti-invasion landscapes of England, 1940 | publisher = Council for British Archaeology | year = 2006 | isbn = 978-1-902771-53-3 |ref=harv}}
|last=Wheeler |first=William Henry |title=A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire |publisher=J M Newcombe |year=1896 |edition=2nd |work=British Museum Historical Reprint |isbn=978-1-241-32839-9 |ref=harv}} External links
4 : Market towns in Lincolnshire|Civil parishes in Lincolnshire|Towns in Lincolnshire|South Holland, Lincolnshire |
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