| 词条 | Conscience of Fatherland |
| 释义 |
Conscience of the Fatherland ({{lang-es|Conciencia de Patria}}, abbreviated CONDEPA) was a populist political party in Bolivia in the late 20th century. The party was led by Carlos Palenque. GoalsCONDEPA was founded in Tiwanaku on September 21, 1988.[1][2] The party was primarily based in the La Paz Department.[2] CONDEPA was the first major party in Bolivia that appealed to the cultural identity of the Aymaras, the indigenous majority of the country.[3] It borrowed katarista symbols and used the wiphala flag.[4] Palenque often used references to Aymara culture in his campaigns.[1] Election historyThe party won strong support amongst urban poor, amongst Aymaras that had migrated to the urban centres.[3] CONDEPA lost the mayoral post of La Paz in 1995.[1] At the time of the 1999 elections the CONDEPA was a party in crisis.[5] It was discredited by having entered into Hugo Banzer's government.[3] The party had suffered the death of its leader Carlos Palenque, and divisions had erupted amongst his successors. Moreover, the influence of the mass media connected to the party had decreased significantly.[5] As the party lost the municipal contest in El Alto in these elections, it lost its last remaining political stronghold in the country.[6] Ahead of the 2002 general election, CONDEPA launched Nicolás Valdivia as its presidential candidate and Esperanza Huanca as vice-presidential candidate.[7] CONDEPA lost all of its 22 seats in the Congress of Bolivia in the elections. The implosion of CONDEPA enabled the nascent Movement for Socialism to gain a wide following amongst indigenous urban poor.[3] CONDEPA-Patriotic Movement lost its registration at the National Electoral Court shortly after the 2002 election.[8] References1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.lostiempos.com/diario/actualidad/nacional/20060213/fiscalia-investigara-a-vocales-de-la-cne-por-caso_3152_3152.html |title=Fiscalía investigará a vocales de la CNE por caso Condepa |date=2006-02-13 |publisher=lostiempos.com}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=633107 |title=El legado de Condepa y del "compadre" Carlos Palenque |date=2008-07-16 |publisher=caracol.com}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |jstor=3875831 |title=From Exclusion to Inclusion: Bolivia's 2002 Elections |last=Van Cott |first=Donna Lee |date=November 2003 |publisher=Journal of Latin American Studies|volume=35 |pages=751–775}} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Van Cott |first=Donna Lee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6n40IdN85oC&pg=PA84 |title=From Movements to Parties in Latin America: The Evolution of Ethnic Politics |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2007}} p. 84 5. ^1 {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=riQIjWfheGkC&pg=PA406 |title=Rostros de la democracia: una mirada mestiza |last=Toranzo Roca |first=Carlos |publisher=Plural Ed. [u.a.] |year=2006}} p. 406 6. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9vZjlLTcrBYC&pg=PA93l |title=Alto, Rebel City: Self and Citizenship in Andean Bolivia |last=Lazar |first=Sian |publisher=Duke University Press |year=2008}} p. 93 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bolivia.com/especiales2002/elecciones/partidos_candidatos/CONDEPA/index.asp |title=Elecciones Generales Bolivia 2002 |year=2002 |publisher=bolivia.com}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.eldiario.net/noticias/2005/2005_12/nt051229/ |title=Cuatro partidos políticos pierden personería jurídica |year=2005 |publisher=eldiario.net}} 5 : Defunct political parties in Bolivia|Political parties established in 1988|1988 establishments in Bolivia|Political parties disestablished in 2002|2002 disestablishments in Bolivia |
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