| 词条 | Contract adjustment board |
| 释义 |
In government contracting, a Contract Adjustment Board is a department board at the Secretariat level which deals with disputes and requests for extraordinary relief under Public Law 85-804[1] of Aug. 28, 1958.[2] In brief:[3] Public Law No. 85-804, codified at 50 U.S.C. § 1431-35 (Supp. IV 1998), grants to the President the authority to authorize any agency which exercises functions in connection with the national defense to enter into contracts or into amendments or modifications of contracts, and to make advance payments, without regard to other applicable legal provisions whenever such action would facilitate the national defense. 50 U.S.C. § 1431. The legislative history of the statute indicates that it may also be used as the basis for making indemnity payments under certain government contracts, the so-called "residual powers. " ECR Current Materials at 1005, 1021. The legislative history explains that "[t]he need for indemnity clauses in most cases arises from the advent of nuclear power and the use of highly volatile fuels in the missile program. The magnitude of the risks involved under procurement contracts in these areas have rendered commercial insurance either unavailable or limited in coverage. HistoryDuring World War I, a "Board of Contract Adjustment" was created to determine "all claims, doubts and disputes which may arise under departmental contracts";[4] it implemented the policies for Liquidation, Cancellation, and Adjustment of contracts.[5] According to Evans Reamer Machine Company v. United States. 386 F.2d 873, "since the early days of World War II," the main defense agencies have been authorized to grant discretionary relief to contractors suffering losses on account of mistakes.[6] The underpinning for the granting of relief must be a finding that such action would facilitate the national defense or prosecution of the war.[7] Title II relief has been referred to variously as "far-reaching," "extraordinary," and "a snare and a delusion."[8] According to U.S. v. Utah Constr. & Mining Co., pursuant to a delegation by the President under Public Law 85—804,[9] government departments and agencies exercising functions in connection with the national defense may, upon a finding that such action would 'facilitate the national defense,' enter into amendments and modifications of contracts without regard to other provisions of law respecting such amendments and modifications. As implemented by the Atomic Energy Commission's procurement regulations,[10] the authority conferred encompasses amendments without consideration, correction of mutual mistakes, and formalization of informal commitments. This authority, which in many respects is analogous to power to settle claims, is delegated to Contract Adjustment Boards established within the departments and agencies concerned separate from the Boards of Contract Appeals. Because the regulations preclude resort to the powers conferred by Public Law 85—804 '(u)nless other legal authority in the Department concerned is deemed to be lacking or inadequate,'[11] the Army Contract Adjustment Board has generally required contractors to exhaust remedies before the ASBCA under the disputes clause.[12] Thus it is quite evident from the administration of Public Law 85—804 and its predecessors that the limitations on the jurisdiction of the Boards of Contract Appeals are well understood by the military procurement departments and Congress. Examples
Further reading
See also
References1. ^(72 Stat. 972; 50 U.S.C. 1431) 2. ^{{cite book|others=C. B. Cochrane, E. P. Vollmer|title=Glossary: Defense Acquisition Acronyms & Terms|publisher=Diane Publishing|year=1995|page=175|isbn=978-0-7881-2139-5 |url=http://www.dau.mil/pubs/glossary/12th_Glossary_2005.pdf}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/contracts/cld/rd/gao/2001/B-287121.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-10-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090921003716/http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/contracts/cld/rd/gao/2001/B-287121.pdf |archivedate=2009-09-21 |df= }} United States General Accounting Office, Decision 4. ^{{cite book|title=Government War Contracts|author=Crowell, J.F.|date=1920|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgcZAAAAYAAJ|page=314|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 5. ^{{cite book|title=Government War Contracts|author=Crowell, J.F.|date=1920|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CgcZAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=2014-12-27}} 6. ^Title II, Section 201, First War Powers Act, 55 Stat. 838 (1941); Executive Order No. 9001, 6 F.R. 6787 (1941); Act of Jan. 12, 1951, 64 Stat. 1257; 50 U.S.C. App. Sec. 611 (1952 ed.); P.L. 85-804, 72 Stat. 972, 50 U.S.C. Secs. 1431–1435 (1958). 7. ^See Kramer, Extraordinary Relief for War Contractors, 93 U. of Pa.L. Rev. 357, 360 (1945); Correction of Mistakes in Contracts Under Public Law 85-804, Government Contracts Monograph No. 1, p. 4 (The Geo. Wash. Univ.) (1961) 8. ^See Fain and Watt, War Procurement — A New Pattern in Contracts, 44 Col. L. Rev. 127, 199 (1944) and McClelland, Title II — One Year Later: A Legislative Midsummer Night's Dream, 62 Dick. L. Rev. 327 (1958) 9. ^Public Law 85—804, 72 Stat. 972, 50 U.S.C. § 1431 (1964 ed.) 10. ^see ASPR, 32 CFR § 17.000 et seq.; AECPR, 41 CFR § 9—17.000 et seq., 11. ^ASPR, 32 CFR § 17.205—1(b)(2) 12. ^Blaw-Knox Co., ACAB Dkt. No. 1019, Nov. 2, 1960 13. ^Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Conforming Changes--Standards of Conduct and Extraordinary Contractual Actions (DFARS Case 2008-D004) Defense Department Documents and Publications August 12, 2008 14. ^established pursuant to the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (92 Stat.2383; 41 U.S.C. 601) 15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nCFYdB2H05UC|title=Air Transportation|author=Kane, R.M.|date=2003|publisher=Kendall/Hunt Pub.|isbn=9780787288815|page=155|accessdate=2014-12-27}} External links
4 : United States contract law|Government procurement in the United States|United States administrative law|Nuclear liability |
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