| 词条 | Horace Harmon Lurton |
| 释义 |
|image = HoraceHarmonLurton.jpg |office = Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States |nominator = William Taft |term_start = December 20, 1909 |term_end = July 12, 1914[1] |predecessor = Rufus Peckham |successor = James McReynolds |office1 = Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit |nominator1 = Grover Cleveland |term_start1 = March 27, 1893 |term_end1 = December 20, 1909 |predecessor1 = Howell Jackson |successor1 = Loyal Knappen |birth_date = {{birth date|1844|2|26}} |birth_place = Newport, Kentucky, U.S. |death_date = {{death date and age|1914|7|12|1844|2|26}} |death_place = Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S. |party = Democratic |education = Douglas University {{small|(BA)}} Cumberland University {{small|(LLB)}} |allegiance = {{flag|Confederate States}} |branch = {{army|CSA}} |serviceyears = 1861–1864 |rank = First Lieutenant |unit = {{flagicon|Tennessee}} 5th Tennessee Infantry {{flagicon|Kentucky}} 2nd Kentucky Cavalry {{flagicon|Kentucky}} 3rd Kentucky Cavalry[2] |battles = American Civil War }} Horace Harmon Lurton (February 26, 1844 – July 12, 1914) was an American jurist who served for four years as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Appointed at the age of 65, Lurton was the oldest justice to be appointed to the Court for the first time.{{efn|Charles Evans Hughes was two years older when appointed as Chief Justice by Herbert Hoover, but had served five years on the Court between the ages of forty-eight and fifty-three}} LifeLurton was born in Newport, Kentucky, the son of a physician turned clergyman. He was a Sergeant Major in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, serving in the 5th Tennessee Infantry, 2nd Kentucky Infantry, and 3rd Kentucky Cavalry. He was twice captured by Union forces, the second time sent as a prisoner of war to Johnson's Island Prison Camp in Sandusky Bay, Ohio. He claimed he was later paroled by President Lincoln because of pleas for mercy from his mother but this was merely an anecdote he often repeated to dinner guests, according to historian Roger Long. Mr. Long explains in detail what the evidence shows in an article he wrote in the December 1994 edition of Civil War Times. According to Mr. Long, apparently he was paroled from Johnson's Island only when he signed the oath of allegiance, not because of any act of the president. Mr Long's article includes interesting details about Lurton's service as well as possible reasons for the anecdote he was so fond of repeating. Lurton was a family friend of noted historian and jurist Samuel Cole Williams. Education and early practiceBefore the war, Lurton attended Douglas University and earned an LL.B. in 1867 at Cumberland School of Law, then part of Cumberland University but now part of Samford University. At Cumberland he was a member of Beta Theta Pi. Lurton then practiced law in Clarksville, Tennessee. Career as a judgeIn 1875, Lurton left private practice after being chosen as a judge of the Tennessee Chancery Court for the Sixth Chancery Division. After three years, Lurton then returned to his practice until 1886, when he was appointed to the Tennessee Supreme Court. In 1893, Lurton was appointed by President Grover Cleveland to a federal appellate judgeship on the US Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. While still on that court, Lurton first taught at and later served as dean of the Vanderbilt University School of Law from 1905 to 1909. Supreme Court serviceIn 1909, Lurton's friend, President William Howard Taft, named him to a seat on the Supreme Court that had been vacated by the death of Justice Rufus Wheeler Peckham. It was the first of Taft's five Supreme Court appointments, six if one counts the elevation of Edward White to Chief Justice, and surprised some observers because unlike Taft, Lurton was a Democrat. Taft's attorney general George W. Wickersham said that at 66, Lurton was too old to become a Supreme Court justice, but Taft had always admired him. According to the Complete Book of U.S. Presidents (2001 edition), Taft later said that "the chief pleasure of my administration" was the appointment of Lurton. Lurton sided most frequently on the court with Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.,[2] a progressive Supreme Court justice. The most notable opinion he authored was probably the opinion of the Court in Coyle v. Smith, 221 U.S. 559 (1911), which held that the federal government could not tell a state where to locate its capital, as that all states must be on "equal footing." Lurton took his seat on the Court at the beginning of 1910. His tenure on the Court was brief, as he served only four years before dying in Atlantic City, New Jersey of a sudden heart attack, in 1914. According to his obituary in The New York Times (July 13, 1914, p. 1), he had been in poor health since the previous December, suffering from asthma and then pneumonia. Legacy and honorsDuring World War II the Liberty ship {{SS|Horace H. Lurton }} was built in Brunswick, Georgia, and named in his honor.[3] Notes{{notelist}}References1. ^{{cite news|title=Federal Judicial Center: Horace Harmon Lurton |date=2009-12-12 |url=http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=1441 |accessdate=2009-12-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090513215849/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/tGetInfo?jid=1441 |archivedate=2009-05-13 |df= }} -->[4]2. ^http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=814 3. ^{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Greg H. |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=A5oWBAAAQBAJ |title= The Liberty Ships of World War II: A Record of the 2,710 Vessels and Their Builders, Operators and Namesakes, with a History of the Jeremiah O’Brien |date= 25 July 2014 |publisher= McFarland |isbn= 1476617546 |accessdate= 9 December 2017 }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Compiled service records of Confederate Soldiers who served in organizations from the State of Kentucky|url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/31657363|publisher=National Archives|accessdate=25 February 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Compiled service records of Confederate Soldiers who served in organizations from the State of Tennessee|url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/29642729|publisher=National Archives|accessdate=25 February 2018}} }} External links
|-{{s-bef|before=Rufus Peckham}}{{s-ttl|title=Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|years=1909–1914}}{{s-aft|after=James McReynolds}}{{s-end}}{{SCOTUS Justices}}{{start U.S. Supreme Court composition| CJ=Fuller}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition court lifespan| cj=Melville Weston Fuller| years=1888–1910}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition January–March 1910}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition March–July 1910}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition CJ| CJ=White}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition court lifespan| cj=Edward Douglass White| years=1910–1921}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition 1910}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition 1911}}{{U.S. Supreme Court composition 1912–1914}}{{end U.S. Supreme Court composition}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lurton, Horace Harmon}} 17 : 1844 births|1914 deaths|19th-century American judges|20th-century American judges|American Civil War prisoners of war|American Episcopalians|Confederate States Army soldiers|Cumberland School of Law alumni|Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|Law school deans|People from Newport, Kentucky|Tennessee Democrats|Tennessee lawyers|Tennessee Supreme Court justices|United States federal judges appointed by Grover Cleveland|United States federal judges appointed by William Howard Taft|Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States |
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