| 词条 | House dust mite |
| 释义 |
The main species are identified as:
BiologyTaxonomyThe dust mites are cosmopolitan members of the mite family Pyroglyphidae. CharacteristicsHouse dust mites, due to their very small size and translucent bodies, are barely visible to the unaided eye.[2] A typical house dust mite measures {{convert|0.2|-|0.3|mm|3|abbr=on}} in length.[3] For accurate identification, one needs at least 10× magnification.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The body of the house dust mite has a striated cuticle. DietThey feed on skin flakes from animals, including humans, and on some mold. Dermatophagoides farinae fungal food choices in 16 tested species commonly found in homes was observed in vitro to be Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Wallemia sebi, and they disliked Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Stachybotrys chartarum.[4] PredatorsThe predators of dust mites are other allergenic mites (Cheyletiella), silverfish and pseudoscorpions.[5] ReproductionThe average life cycle for a house dust mite is 65–100 days.[6] A mated female house dust mite can last up to 70 days, laying 60 to 100 eggs in the last five weeks of her life. In a 10-week life span, a house dust mite will produce approximately 2,000 fecal particles and an even larger number of partially digested enzyme-covered dust particles. Health issuesAllergies{{See also|List of mites associated with cutaneous reactions|List of allergens}}House dust mite allergyThe mite's gut contains potent digestive enzymes (notably Peptidase 1) that persist in their feces and are major inducers of allergic reactions such as wheezing. The mite's exoskeleton can also contribute to allergic reactions. Unlike scabies mites or skin follicle mites, house dust mites do not burrow under the skin and are not parasitic.[7] Severe dust mite infestation in the home has been linked to atopic dermatitis and epidermal barrier damage has been documented.[8] House dust mites are associated with allergic rhinitis and asthma,[9] as well as allergic conjunctivitis.[10] Efforts to remove these mites from the environment have not been found to be effective.[9] Immunotherapy may be useful in those affected.[9] Subcutaneous injections have better evidence than under the tongue dosing.[11] Topical steroids as nasal spray or inhalation may be used.[12] Oral mite anaphylaxisDermatophagoides spp. can cause oral mite anaphylaxis (AKA pancake syndrome) when found in flour.[13][14]Dust mite control techniques{{:dust|transcludesection=House_dust_mite}}FurnitureFurniture with wooden or leather surfaces reduce the dust mite population.[17] Bed linenHot tumble drying a bed linen for 1 hour will kill 99% of mites therein.[16] Weekly changing the bed linen reduces the risk of exposure to dust mites.[12] Cotton covers not covered with complete mattress covers are very likely to become colonised by bacteria and molds; they must be cleaned periodically (at least every second to third month).[17] Dust mite eggs are freeze tolerant (−70 °C for 30 minutes); hatching can normally be prevented by exposure of fabrics to:[18]
Dust mite-proof bedclothes may reduce the exposure to 20%.[19] Good properties of anti-mite fabrics have been identified as being:[20]
Indoor climateAllergy patients are advised to keep the relative humidity below 50%. Very few mites can survive if the humidity is less than 45% (at {{conv|22|°C}}). However, they can survive if the humidity is high just for an hour and a half per day, for example due to cooking.[21] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |last1=Denmark |first1=H. A. |last2=Cromroy |first2=H. L. |origyear=October 1998 |date=April 2017 |title=House dust mites—Dermatophagoides spp. |url=http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/house_dust_mite.htm |work=Featured Creatures |id=EENY-59 |publisher=Department of Entomology & Nemotology, University of Florida, and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry |postscript=. Originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 314.}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Why study the major cause of allergy, the house dust mite? |url=http://housedustmite.com/why-study-the-mite/ |publisher=HouseDustMite.com |access-date=24 January 2019}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=The House Dust Mite: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus |url=http://www.microbiologybytes.com/video/mite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516093842/http://www.microbiologybytes.com/video/mite.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |dead-url=yes |publisher=MicrobiologyBytes |date=2007 |access-date=24 January 2019}}. Note that the video is gone. 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Naegele|first1=Alexandre|last2=Reboux|first2=Gabriel|last3=Scherer|first3=Emeline|last4=Roussel|first4=Sandrine|last5=Millon|first5=Laurence|title=Fungal food choices of Dermatophagoides farinae affect indoor fungi selection and dispersal|journal=International Journal of Environmental Health Research|date=1 April 2013|volume=23|issue=2|pages=91–95|doi=10.1080/09603123.2012.699029|pmid=22774849|issn=0960-3123}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=House dust mites: Agents of allergy |url=http://www.acari.be/uk/pest_a.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229074807/http://www.acari.be/uk/pest_a.php |archive-date=22 January 2010 |dead-url=yes |publisher=acari.be |access-date=24 January 2019}} 6. ^{{cite journal |last=Miller |first=J. D. |date=23 June 2018 |title=The Role of Dust Mites in Allergy |journal=Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol |pages=1–18 |doi=10.1007/s12016-018-8693-0 |issn=1559-0267 |pmid=29936683 }} 7. ^{{cite web |last=Ogg |first=Barb |title=Managing House Dust Mites |url=https://lancaster.unl.edu/pest/resources/311dusmi.pdf |publisher=Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln |access-date=24 January 2019}} 8. ^{{cite journal|title=New perspectives on epidermal barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis: Gene–environment interactions|journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=118|issue=1|pages=3–21; quiz 22–3|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091674906009353 | doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2006.04.042|pmid=16815133|year=2006|last1=Cork|first1=Michael J|last2=Robinson|first2=Darren A|last3=Vasilopoulos|first3=Yiannis|last4=Ferguson|first4=Adam|last5=Moustafa|first5=Manar|last6=MacGowan|first6=Alice|last7=Duff|first7=Gordon W|last8=Ward|first8=Simon J|last9=Tazi-Ahnini|first9=Rachid}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Biagtan|first1=M|last2=Viswanathan|first2=R|last3=Bush|first3=RK|title=Immunotherapy for house dust mite sensitivity: where are the knowledge gaps?|journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports|date=December 2014|volume=14|issue=12|pages=482|pmid=25354663|doi=10.1007/s11882-014-0482-0|pmc=5034865}} 10. ^{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Young Ji|last2=Han|first2=Soo Jung|last3=Lee|first3=Hun|last4=Kim|first4=Jin Sun|last5=Seo|first5=Kyoung Yul|title=Development of Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by House Dust Mite Extract FromDermatophagoides pteronyssinus|journal=Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science|volume=57|issue=4|year=2016|pages=1773–81|issn=1552-5783|doi=10.1167/iovs.15-17340|pmid=27074380}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last1=Eifan|first1=AO|last2=Calderon|first2=MA|last3=Durham|first3=SR|title=Allergen immunotherapy for house dust mite: clinical efficacy and immunological mechanisms in allergic rhinitis and asthma|journal=Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy|date=November 2013|volume=13|issue=11|pages=1543–56|pmid=24099116|doi=10.1517/14712598.2013.844226}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Carrard|first1=A|last2=Pichler|first2=C|title=[House dust mite allergy]|journal=Therapeutische Umschau|date=April 2012|volume=69|issue=4|pages=249–52|pmid=22477664|doi=10.1024/0040-5930/a000281}} 13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Barrera|first1=OM|last2=Murgas|first2=IL|last3=Bermúdez|first3=S|last4=Miranda|first4=RJ|title=[Oral anaphylaxis by ingestion of mite contaminated food in Panama City, 2011-2014]|journal=Revista Alergia Mexico |date=June 2015|volume=62|issue=2|pages=112–7|pmid=25958374}} 14. ^{{cite journal|last1=Sánchez-Borges|first1=Mario|last2=Suárez-Chacon|first2=Raúl|last3=Capriles-Hulett|first3=Arnaldo|last4=Caballero-Fonseca|first4=Fernan|last5=Iraola|first5=Victor|last6=Fernández-Caldas|first6=Enrique|title=Pancake Syndrome (Oral Mite Anaphylaxis)|journal=World Allergy Organization Journal|date=1 January 2009|volume=2|issue=5|pages=158|doi=10.1186/1939-4551-2-5-91|issn=1939-4551}} 15. ^1 {{cite web | title=Dust mite-proof pillow cover: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image | website=MedlinePlus | date=2019-03-07 | url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19337.htm | access-date=2019-03-14}} 16. ^{{Cite journal|last=Portnoy|first=Jay|last2=Miller|first2=Jeffrey D.|last3=Williams|first3=P. Brock|last4=Chew|first4=Ginger L.|last5=Miller|first5=J. David|last6=Zaitoun|first6=Fares|last7=Phipatanakul|first7=Wanda|last8=Kennedy|first8=Kevin|last9=Barnes|first9=Charles|date=2013|title=Environmental assessment and exposure control of dust mites: a practice parameter|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1081120613007187|journal=Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology|language=en|publication-date=2013|volume=111|issue=6|pages=465–507|doi=10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.018|pmid=24267359|pmc=5156485|via=}} 17. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Pitten FA, Kalveram CM, Krüger U, Müller G, Kramer A |title=Reduktion der Besiedlung neuwertiger Matratzen mit Bakterien, Schimmelpilzen und Hausstaubmilben durch Matratzenganzbezüge |trans-title=Reduction of colonization of new mattresses with bacteria, moulds and house dust mites by complete mattress covers |journal=Der Hautarzt |date=September 2000 |volume=51 |issue=9 |pages=655–60 |pmid=11057391 |doi=10.1007/s001050051|doi-broken-date=2019-03-14 }} 18. ^{{cite journal|last1=Mahakittikun|first1=V|last2=Boitano|first2=JJ|last3=Ninsanit|first3=P|last4=Wangapai|first4=T|last5=Ralukruedej|first5=K|title=Effects of high and low temperatures on development time and mortality of house dust mite eggs|journal=Experimental & Applied Acarology|date=December 2011|volume=55|issue=4|pages=339–47|pmid=21751035|doi=10.1007/s10493-011-9480-2}} 19. ^{{cite news |first=Fiona |last=Macra |date=2 March 2014 |title=Expensive Anti-Dust Mite Bed Covers 'Are a Waste of Money' |url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2571736/Expensive-anti-dust-mite-bed-covers-waste-money-Products-no-benefit-asthma-allergy-sufferers.html |location=London |website=Daily Mail |access-date=24 January 2019}} 20. ^{{cite web |title=Best Fabrics to Exclude Dust Mites |url=http://housedustmite.com/best-fabrics-to-exclude-dust-mites |publisher=HouseDustMite.com |access-date=24 January 2019}} 21. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Portnoy|first1=Jay|last2=Miller|first2=Jeffrey D.|last3=Williams|first3=P. Brock|last4=Chew|first4=Ginger L.|last5=Miller|first5=J. David|last6=Zaitoun|first6=Fares|last7=Phipatanakul|first7=Wanda|last8=Kennedy|first8=Kevin|last9=Barnes|first9=Charles|last10=Grimes|first10=Carl|last11=Larenas-Linnemann|first11=Désirée|last12=Sublett|first12=James|last13=Bernstein|first13=David|last14=Blessing-Moore|first14=Joann|last15=Khan|first15=David|last16=Lang|first16=David|last17=Nicklas|first17=Richard|last18=Oppenheimer|first18=John|last19=Randolph|first19=Christopher|last20=Schuller|first20=Diane|last21=Spector|first21=Sheldon|last22=Tilles|first22=Stephen A.|last23=Wallace|first23=Dana|title=Environmental assessment and exposure control of dust mites: a practice parameter|journal=Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology|date=9 May 2017|volume=111|issue=6|pages=465–507|doi=10.1016/j.anai.2013.09.018|issn=1081-1206|pmc=5156485|pmid=24267359}} External links{{Commons category|Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus}}
7 : Acari and humans|Acariformes|Arthropod common names|Arthropod infestations|Building biology|Cosmopolitan arthropods|Dust |
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