1. History

2. Sforza rulers of the Duchy of Milan

3. Sforza rulers of Pesaro and Gradara

4. Sforza family tree

5. Notable members

6. In popular culture

7. See also

8. References

9. External links

• Duke of Milan
• Duke of Bari
• Lord of Pesaro
• Marquess of Caravaggio
• Count of Cotignola
• Lord of Castell'Arquato

• House of Sforza-Pesaro (extinct in 1515)
• House of Sforza-Cotignola (extinct in 1624)
• House of Sforza-Cesarini

The House of Sforza ({{IPA-it|ˈsfɔrtsa|pron}}) was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. They acquired the Duchy of Milan from the previously-ruling Visconti family in the mid-15th century, and lost it to the Spanish Habsburgs about a century later.

History

His son Francesco I Sforza ruled Milan, having acquired the title of Duke of Milan (1450–1466) after marrying in 1441 the natural daughter and only heir of the last Duke of Milan, Filippo Maria Visconti, Bianca Maria (1425–1468), making the Sforzas the heirs of the house of Visconti.

The family also held the seigniory of Pesaro, starting with Muzio Attendolo's second son, Alessandro (1409–1473). The Sforza held Pesaro until 1512, after the death of Costanzo II Sforza.

Muzio's third son, Bosio (1411–1476), founded the branch of Santa Fiora, who held the title of count of Cotignola; the Sforza ruled the small county of Santa Fiora in southern Tuscany until 1624. Members of this family also held important ecclesiastical and political positions in the Papal States, and moved to Rome in 1674, taking the name of Sforza Cesarini.

The Sforza became allied with the Borgia family through the arranged marriage (1493–1497) between Lucrezia Borgia and Giovanni (the illegitimate son of Costanzo I of Pesaro).^[1] This alliance failed, as the Borgia family annulled the marriage once the Sforza family were no longer needed.

In 1499, in the course of the Italian Wars, the army of Louis XII of France took Milan from Ludovico Sforza (known as Ludovico il Moro, famous for taking Leonardo da Vinci into his service).

After Imperial German troops drove out the French, Maximilian Sforza, son of Ludovico, became Duke of Milan (1512–1515) until the French returned under Francis I of France and imprisoned him.

Sforza rulers of the Duchy of Milan

• Francesco I, 1450–1466
• Galeazzo Maria, 1466–1476
• Gian Galeazzo, 1476–1494
• Ludovico, 1494–1499
• Massimiliano, 1513–1515
• Francesco II, 1521–1535

Sforza rulers of Pesaro and Gradara

• Alessandro, 1445–1473
• Costanzo I, 1473–1483
• Giovanni, 1483–1500 and 1503–1510
• Costanzo II, 1510–1512
• {{ill|Galeazzo Sforza (Pesaro)|it|lt=Galeazzo}}, 1512

Sforza family tree

• Muzio Sforza with mistress Lucia da Torsano had 7 illegitimate sons
  • son Gabriele Sforza archbishop of Milan
  • son Francesco I Sforza married Bianca Maria Visconti
  • son Galeazzo Maria Sforza mistress Lucrezia Landriani
  • daughter Bianca Maria (1472–1510), second wife of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I
  • son Gian Galeazzo(1469–1494), married Isabella of Naples
  • son Francesco (II), nominally duke under the regency of Ludovico Maria
  • daughter Bona (1494–1557), second wife of King Sigismund I of Poland^[2]
  • daughter Ippolita Maria Sforza (1493–1501)
  • illegitimate daughter Caterina Sforza married Giovanni de' Medici il Popolano
  • illegitimate son Ottaviano Maria Sforza bishop of Lodi
  • son Ludovico il Moro (the Moor) (1451–1508)
  • son Ercole Massimiliano
  • son Francesco II (III) Maria
  • illegitimate daughter Bianca Sforza {1483–1496} married to Galeazzo Sanseverino
  • illegitimate son Giovanni Paolo I (1497–1535), marquess of Caravaggio
  • son Ascanio (1444–1505), Cardinal
  • daughter Ippolita Maria (1446–1484), married king of Alfonso II d'Aragon of Naples
  • son Alessandro, first lord of Pesaro
  • son Costanzo I
  • son Giovanni (1466–1510), first husband of Lucrezia Borgia
  • son Costanzo II (Giovanni Maria) last ruler of Pesaro
  • Bosio (count of Cotignola, lord of Castell'Arquato)

Notable members

In popular culture

• One of the cursed artifacts from The Series was the "Sforza Glove", attributed to the original family's possession.
• Thomas Harris's character Hannibal Lecter is a descendant of the House of Sforza.
• In the anime, manga and book series Trinity Blood, one of the Cardinals and Duchess of Milan is named Caterina Sforza.
• Caterina Sforza appears as a non-playable character in the video game Assassin's Creed 2 and its sequel, Brotherhood.
• The Sforza figure prominently in the Showtime series on the Borgia family.
• The house is mentioned in a song about the Borgia family in the British edutainment TV show Horrible Histories.

See also

• Gradara
• House of Visconti
• Italian Wars
• List of rulers of Milan
• Pesaro

References

External links

• {{Commons category-inline|House of Sforza}}

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