| 词条 | Hughes Airwest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| airline = Hughes Airwest | image = Hughes Airwest logo.svg | image_size = 250 | IATA = RW | ICAO = - | callsign = HUGHES-AIR | founded = {{Start date|1968}} (as AirWest) | commenced = 1970 (Hughes Airwest) | ceased = October 1, 1980[1] (acquired by Republic) | bases = | hubs = | secondary_hubs = | focus_cities = | frequent_flyer = | lounge = | alliance = | subsidiaries = | fleet_size = 48 | destinations = 56 | parent = | company_slogan = Top Banana in the West | headquarters = San Francisco Int'l Airport San Mateo County, California, U.S. | key_people =Howard Hughes (Owner) Russell V. Stephenson (President) | website = }}Hughes Airwest {{Airline codes|RW|-|Hughes-Air}} was an airline in the western United States, backed by the Summa Corporation of Howard Hughes. The original name for the airline was Air West. Hughes Airwest flew routes in the western U.S. and to several destinations in Mexico and Canada; it was purchased by Republic Airlines on October 1, 1980.[1] Its headquarters were on the grounds of San Francisco International Airport in unincorporated San Mateo County, California.[2] HistoryOn April 17, 1968, three "local service" airlines in the western U.S. merged to form Air West:[3][4]
The initial Air West fleet included Boeing 727-100s, Douglas DC-9s, Fairchild F-27s, and Piper Navajos. The first new addition to the Air West fleet was a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 which had been ordered by Bonanza Air Lines. Hungry for another adventure in the airline industry, TWA's former owner Howard Hughes sought the airline in 1968,[5][6] and the deal was finalized in 1970.[7] The airline was renamed Hughes Air West and its call sign became "Hughes Air." It expanded to several cities in the western United States, Canada and Mexico. With the new yellow paint scheme, unveiled 28 September 1971, the airline began calling itself Hughes Airwest, two words instead of the initial three word name. The airline participated in some movies in the 1970s, notably The Gauntlet with Clint Eastwood and Sondra Locke in 1977. Eastwood's character arrives in Las Vegas from Phoenix on the airline and when he phones the airport for flight departure times, Locke's character sarcastically called the airline, "Air Worst." Also in 1977, the airline was operating service from both Burbank (BUR) and Orange County (SNA) to Denver (DEN) via an interchange flight agreement with the original Frontier Airlines (1950-1986).[8] Hughes Airwest would then subsequently introduce its own jet service to Denver from a number of cities in the western U.S. Like other local service airlines in the 1970s, Hughes Airwest eliminated many stops and opened longer routes. Service expanded to resorts in Mexico; domestic routes didn't reach east of Utah and Arizona until Denver, Des Moines, Milwaukee, and Houston Hobby Airport were added in 1978. Hughes Airwest became an all-jet airline with Boeing 727-200s, Douglas DC-9-10s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s when it ended Fairchild F-27 turboprop flights in 1979. In September 1979 the airline was grounded for two months by a walkout by their ticket agents, reservations handlers, and office employees, who had been without a contract for over a year.[9][10][11] During 1979 several airlines showed interest in buying Hughes Airwest, including Alaska and Allegheny, with the latter soon becoming USAir.[12] The strike was resolved in late October and flights resumed in November. Four months later they were the target of a buyout by Republic Airlines (1979–1986),[13] which was finalized on October 1, 1980, for $38.5 million.[1][14] Republic had been formed in July 1979 via the merger of North Central Airlines and Southern Airways, the first under airline deregulation.[15] Republic was acquired by Northwest Airlines in 1986,[16][17] which in turn was merged into Delta Air Lines in 2010.
Corporate affairsThe original headquarters were in two buildings in downtown San Mateo, California, on the San Francisco peninsula. Its new headquarters were located in San Mateo.[18] The airline scheduled the move to a new headquarters from Thursday August 25, 1973, to August 28, 1973. The complex was on a hill overlooking San Mateo and San Francisco Bay. The airline relocated two departments from the offices at San Francisco International Airport: flight control and reservations.[19] LiveryHughes Airwest's planes were recognizable by their banana-yellow fuselage and tail colors.[20] Their airplanes were often dubbed "flying bananas" and the airline launched an advertising campaign with the catchphrase "Top Banana in the West."[21][22] [23] Most nicknames given to Hughes Airwest airplanes in aviation books and magazines have to do with bananas. Apart from their all-yellow scheme, the airplanes also featured a blue logo on the vertical stabilizer (tail) that resembled three diamonds connected (possibly a reference to the initials of Howard Hughes). The name Hughes Airwest, in stylized lettering, was featured unconventionally below the front passenger windows. This livery was devised by the southern California design firm of Mario Armond Zamparelli,[24][25] following the crash of Flight 706 in June 1971, caused by a mid-air collision with a U.S. Marine Corps F-4B jet fighter near Duarte, California.[26][27] In late 1971, the company launched a new marketing campaign which included new colors and repainted planes.[28][29][30] The cabin windows also had a metallized PET film coating originally,[31] but this proved too costly to maintain. Zamparelli also designed the uniforms of the flight attendants in the new colors, primarily in Sundance Yellow trimmed with Universe Blue.[32] After the sale in October 1980 the all-yellow paint scheme was gradually replaced by Republic's white with blue and green trim, and the mallard "Herman the Duck."[14] Fleet
Accidents and incidentsHughes Airwest Flight 706{{Main|Hughes Airwest Flight 706}}On the evening of Sunday, June 6, 1971, Hughes Airwest Flight 706, a Douglas DC-9-31, departed Los Angeles, California, for Seattle, Washington, with five intermediate stops. The DC-9 collided in mid-air with a U.S. Marine Corps F-4B fighter over southern California near Duarte, killing all except the radar intercept officer of the F-4. 1972 hijackingTwo months after the celebrated hijacking by D. B. Cooper of Northwest Orient flight 305, Hughes Airwest was the target of a copycat hijacker in early 1972.[33][34][35] After boarding Flight 800 at McCarran airport in Las Vegas in late morning on Thursday, January 20, 23-year-old Richard Charles LaPoint claimed he had a bomb while the plane was on the taxiway and demanded $50,000 cash, two parachutes, and a helmet.[36] When these demands were met, 51 Reno-bound passengers and two flight attendants were released; the DC-9 departed eastward toward Denver, followed by two F-111 aircraft of the U.S. Air Force from nearby Nellis AFB.[37] The parachutes were high-visibility and equipped with emergency locater devices. Without a coat and in cowboy boots, the hijacker bailed out from the lower aft door over the treeless plains of northeastern Colorado in mid-afternoon. He was apprehended a few hours later,[35][38] with minor injuries and very cold.[36][39][40] The plane, with two pilots and a flight attendant on board, landed safely at Denver's Stapleton airport at 2:55 p.m. MST.[34] Facing potential death penalty charges for air piracy,[41] the Vietnam veteran, a former U.S. Army paratrooper,[42] was sentenced to forty years, but served less than eight and was released from a halfway house in 1979.[36] He died at age sixty in New Hampshire in 2008.[43] DestinationsAir West in July 1968This is a list of destinations taken from the Air West system timetable dated July 1, 1968 when the merger to form Air West became effective.[44] Cities served with jets are noted in bold. Air West was operating Boeing 727-100, Douglas DC-9-10 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 jets as well as Fairchild F-27 turboprops and small Piper Navajo twin props at this time. The majority of the destinations on this list that did not have jet service were served with F-27 twin turboprops. ARIZONA:
CALIFORNIA: IDAHO:
MONTANA:
NEVADA:
OREGON: UTAH:
WASHINGTON: CANADA:
MEXICO:
Hughes Airwest in September 1980In 1980 Hughes Airwest was an all-jet airline. The timetable for September 1, 1980 lists service to:[45] ARIZONA:
CALIFORNIA: COLORADO:
IDAHO:
IOWA:
MONTANA:
NEVADA:
OREGON:
TEXAS:
UTAH:
WASHINGTON:
WISCONSIN:
CANADA:
MEXICO:
References{{Portal|San Francisco Bay Area|Companies|Aviation}}{{commons category}}1. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ESFTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MoMDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4348,933691|newspaper=Deseret News|agency=UPI |title=Republic Airlines takes over Hughest Airwest on Oct. 1|date=September 18, 1980 |page=10B}} 2. ^"World Airline Directory." Flight International. April 28, 1979. 1379. 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8mQhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JIcFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4770,3404180 |newspaper=Tri-City Herald|agency=Associated Press|title=Air West merger legally complete|date=April 18, 1968|page=3}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8KVfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WDIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5036,5115162 |newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|last=Campbell |first=Thomas W. |title=Another merger: now it’s Air West |date=April 28, 1968|page=21}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AclOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YkkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6917,2603821 |newspaper=Deseret News|title=Hughes may buy Air West|agency=UPI|date=August 12, 1967|page=6C}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=avFIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=p4IMAAAAIBAJ&pg=5028,5643083 |newspaper=Youngstown Vindicator|last=Arnold|first=Patrick|agency=Associated Press|title=Hughes charged with stock fraud|page=1|date=July 31, 1974}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=c2NOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MkwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4762,111916|newspaper=Ellensburg Daily Record|agency=UPI|title=Air West purchase almost completed|date=April 2, 1970|page=8}} 8. ^http://www.departedflights.com, 1977 Frontier Airlines Annual Report, route map 9. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=I1tOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=J_kDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3870,2548519|newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle|title=Airwest strike effect minimal|date=September 11, 1979|page=5}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pKtfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rzIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6097,5417915|newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|agency=Associated Press|title=No talks in Airwest strike|date=September 29, 1979|page=2A}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_2VJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nAoNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2737,2413684|newspaper=News and Courier|location=Charleston, SC|agency=Associated Press|title=Hughes Airwest flights resume after strike|date=November 11, 1979|page=2A}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UspeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YjIMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2244,42763|newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|agency=Associated Press|title=Airwest entertains offers to sell|date=October 1, 1979 |page=1B}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ImcaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4ioEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6372,680158|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal|agency=(Los Angeles Times)|title=Republic looking at Airwest|date=March 12, 1980|page=17}} 14. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=nU9OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=We4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4904,125218 |newspaper=Spokesman-Review|title=Hughes name changes|agency=Associated Press|date=October 1, 1980|page=A23}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZHlQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8REEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3952,818124|newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel|agency=UPI |title=North Central, Southern Airlines merger gets final OK from Carter|date=June 5, 1979|page=5-part 2}} 16. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U_4lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=W_MFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4195%2C133082|newspaper=Miami News|agency=Associated Press|title=Northwest-Republic merger creates third-largest carrier|date=August 1, 1986|page=9A}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=x3ozAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5454,87554|newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard|title=Two airlines get approval for merger|date=August 1, 1986|page=1C }} 18. ^Standard & Poor's Register of Corporations, Directors and Executives, Volume 3. Standard & Poor's, 1976. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=zucVAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Hughes+Airwest%22+%22Clearview+Way%22&dq=%22Hughes+Airwest%22+%22Clearview+Way%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZtHlUregKYagkQekxoHIBQ&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBw 638]. "Hughes Air Corp d/b/a Hughes Airwest Airlines, 3125 Clearview Way, San Mateo, Cal." 19. ^"'Big Move' under way to new international headquarters in San Mateo." ([https://www.webcitation.org/6MvgIGMVU?url=http://www.hughesairwest.com/PDF/73-newsletter-aug.pdf Archive]) Hughes Airwest newsletter. August 1973. Vol. 5, No. 8. p. 1. 20. ^Hughes promoted their new colors as "Sundance Yellow" and "Universe Blue." The blue has sometimes been described as purple, but this is an optical illusion when viewed on the yellow expanse of aircraft hull. Since these were not standards-compliant color names, the exact color values are uncertain, and can only be approximated by examining color photographs of Hughes Airwest aircraft. 21. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wCJZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NH8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3502,6737762 |newspaper=Deseret News|title=Now, "Top Banana" service|agency=advertisement|date=June 29, 1976|page=16A}} 22. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uyJZAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NH8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6184%2C5208764|newspaper=Deseret News|title=Top Banana in the West|agency=advertisement|date=June 22, 1976}} 23. ^{{cite journal|magazine=AOPA Pilot|date=July 2011}} 24. ^http://www.marioarmondzamparelli.com/html/awards.html 25. ^http://www.marioarmondzamparelli.com/html/P2-1.html 26. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L_9JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Fh4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=3342,1566932|newspaper=Modesto Bee|agency=Associated Press|title=L.A. jetliner, fighter crash in air; 50 die|date=June 7, 1971|page=A-1 }} 27. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZYBfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WTAMAAAAIBAJ&pg=6306%2C1562101|newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|agency=Associated Press|title='Airliner hit us,' survivor says after mid-air collision|date=June 8, 1971|page=6}} 28. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=dMkdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=31gEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5314%2C6199169|newspaper=Deseret News|title=Airwest makes colorful changes|date=Oct 27, 1971|page=B-5}} 29. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19711122&id=CLwzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pPgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6914,2071410|newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle|title=Profit seen by Airwest|date=November 22, 1971|page=5}} 30. ^{{cite news|url=http://newspaper.twinfallspubliclibrary.org/files/Times-News_TF284/PDF/1971_11_26.pdf|newspaper=(Twin Falls, ID) Times-News|title=Airwest unveils bright new look|date=November 26, 1971|page=7}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hughesairwest.com/PDF/71-newsletter-oct.pdf|publisher=Hughes Air Corp. (co. newsletter)|title=New look is first step in '72 marketing program|date=October 1971|page=1}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museumofflight.org/pre-flight-primp|publisher=Museum of Flight|title=Pre-flight Primp: Hughes Airwest Flight Attendant Uniforms|accessdate=January 11, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140615070203/http://www.museumofflight.org/pre-flight-primp|archivedate=June 15, 2014|df=}} 33. ^{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1972/01/21/page/1/article/nab-skyjacker-after-leap |work=Chicago Tribune |agency=Associated Press |title=Nab skyjacker after leap |date=January 21, 1972 |page=1, sec. 1}} 34. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=M5UgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=H2gFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1442%2C2185479|newspaper=Lewiston Daily Sun|location=(Maine)|agency=Associated Press|title=Hijacker caught after parachuting over Colorado with $50,000 in cash|date=January 21, 1972|page=1}} 35. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mdZjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=e38DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6620%2C4063000 |work=Deseret News |location=(Salt Lake City, Utah) |agency=UPI |title=This hijacker fails |date=January 21, 1972 |page=A1}} 36. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://extras.denverpost.com/news/news0121g.htm|newspaper=Denver Post|title=Skyjacker a Colorado oddity?|first=Kit|last=Miniclier|date=January 21, 2001|accessdate=February 16, 2013}} 37. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wthVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QeEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6730%2C4283362|newspaper=Eugene Register-Guard|location=(Oregon)|last=Taylor|first=Daniel L.|agency=UPI|title=Parachutist hijacker captured|date=January 21, 1972|page=3A}} 38. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=je9LAAAAIBAJ&sjid=TO0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6586%2C1917285|newspaper=Spokesman-Review|location=(Spokane, Washington)|agency=Associated Press|title=Chuting hijacker caught by police|date=January 21, 1972|page=1}} 39. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=P_IdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=lygEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2850%2C8504|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal|title=Hijacker with $50,000 loot captured after bailing out|date=January 21, 1972|page=1}} 40. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CLVYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YvgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5884%2C1649602|newspaper=Spokane Daily Chronicle|location=(Washington)|agency=Associated Press |title=Hijacker foiled; tracked by jets|date=January 21, 1972|page=19}} 41. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_bdeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hzAMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4216,4324876|newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|location=(Idaho)|agency=Associated Press|title=Hijack figure held without bail|date=January 22, 1972|page=1}} 42. ^{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1972/01/22/page/21/article/ex-paratrooper-is-charged-with-piracy-in-hijack-bid |work=Chicago Tribune |agency=Associated Press |title=Ex-paratrooper is charged with piracy in hijack bid |date=January 22, 1972 |page=5, sec. 1}} 43. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=54679948 |work=Find a Grave |title=Pvt Richard Charles LaPoint |accessdate=July 3, 2017}} 44. ^http://www.timetableimages.com, July 1, 1986 Air West system timetable 45. ^http://www.departedflights.com, Sept. 1, 1980 Hughes Airwest system timetable External links
8 : Hughes Airwest|Airlines established in 1968|Airlines disestablished in 1980|Defunct airlines of the United States|Howard Hughes|Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area|1980 disestablishments in California|1968 establishments in California |
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