| 词条 | Huludao | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Huludao}} |official_name = |other_name = |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|葫芦岛市}}}}}} |nickname = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level city |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Huludao City.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = The new district of Huludao |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Location of Huludao Prefecture within Liaoning (China).png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Huludao City jurisdiction in Liaoning |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map = Liaoning |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Liaoning |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Liaoning |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |seat_type =Municipal seat |seat = |parts_type =Districts and Counties |parts_style =coll |parts = |p1 =Longgang District |p2 =Lianshan District |p3 =Nanpiao District |p4 =Xingcheng City |p5 =Suizhong County |p6 =Jianchang County |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = CPC Party Secretary |leader_name = Chen Xiaokun |leader_title1 = Mayor |leader_name1 = Liu Tengfei |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes =[1] |area_total_km2 = 10415 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |coor_pinpoint = |type=city(2737000) |coordinates = {{coord|40|43|N|120|50|E|region:CN-21|display=inline}} |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code =125000 |blank_name =Licence plates |blank_info ={{lang|zh-cn|辽P}} |blank1_name =Administrative division code |blank1_info =211400 |iso_code = CN-LN-14 |area_code =429 |website = {{URL|www.hld.gov.cn}} |footnotes = }} Huludao ({{zh|s=葫芦岛 |t=葫蘆島 |p=Húludǎo}}) is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, bordering Hebei to the southwest. It is one of the two principal cities, along with Jinzhou, in the Liaoxi Corridor. Known as Jinxi ({{lang|zh-hans|锦西}}) until 1994, Huludao has a total area of {{convert|10,415|km2|abbr=on}} and a population of 2.87 million, of whom some 531,000 live in the city proper.[3] Its name literally means "Gourd Island". HistoryThe area occupied by Huludao city has been settled by mankind since ancient times. Archeological evidence indicates that during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the region enjoyed advanced Bronze Age technology, while urban civilization first developed during the Warring States era. The Ming dynasty saw the construction of the Liaoning section of the Great Wall through Huludao. During this time the town of Xingcheng was fortified with a defensive wall which still stands today.[4] In 1906, the county of Jinxi was established. It became an important center for resistance during the Japanese occupation. During 1945-1948, it was a battleground between the Kuomintang and Chinese Communist forces, and over one million Japanese prisoners of war were repatriated from its port. Jinxi county was granted city status in 1982 under the jurisdiction of Jinzhou, before becoming a prefecture-level city in 1989.[5] The city was renamed Huludao, originally the name of the peninsula and port in the city area, in 1994. GeographyHuludao is a coastal city on the Bohai Sea at 120°38' east longitude and 40°56' north latitude. It lies in the southwest of Liaoning, at the border with Hebei, forming the Bohai Sea economic rim with such cities as Dalian, Yingkou, Qinhuangdao, and Qingdao. As the first city outside the Shanhai Pass, it serves as the gateway into the Northeast. ClimateHuludao is in the north temperate zone with a continental monsoon climate that brings cold dry winters and hot humid summers. Annual precipitation averages between {{convert|550|to|650|mm|in}} while the year round mean temperature is {{convert|8.5|to|9.5|°C|°F|1}}.[6] {{Weather box|width = auto |location = Huludao (Lianshan District), 1981–2010 normals |metric first = Y |single line = Y |collapsed = | Jan high C = −1.5 | Feb high C = 2.1 | Mar high C = 8.3 | Apr high C = 16.6 | May high C = 22.7 | Jun high C = 26.2 | Jul high C = 28.4 | Aug high C = 28.7 | Sep high C = 25.1 | Oct high C = 18.0 | Nov high C = 8.2 | Dec high C = 1.1 | Jan mean C = −7.7 | Feb mean C = −3.9 | Mar mean C = 2.6 | Apr mean C = 10.8 | May mean C = 17.3 | Jun mean C = 21.6 | Jul mean C = 24.5 | Aug mean C = 24.2 | Sep mean C = 19.3 | Oct mean C = 11.9 | Nov mean C = 2.3 | Dec mean C = −4.8 | Jan low C = −12.8 | Feb low C = −9.1 | Mar low C = −2.6 | Apr low C = 5.4 | May low C = 12.1 | Jun low C = 17.2 | Jul low C = 20.9 | Aug low C = 19.9 | Sep low C = 13.6 | Oct low C = 6.1 | Nov low C = −2.7 | Dec low C = −9.7 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 3.1 | Feb precipitation mm = 2.8 | Mar precipitation mm = 9.7 | Apr precipitation mm = 28.1 | May precipitation mm = 48.7 | Jun precipitation mm = 82.2 | Jul precipitation mm = 151.0 | Aug precipitation mm = 144.4 | Sep precipitation mm = 59.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 32.0 | Nov precipitation mm = 12.3 | Dec precipitation mm = 3.5 |Jan humidity = 51 |Feb humidity = 50 |Mar humidity = 48 |Apr humidity = 53 |May humidity = 58 |Jun humidity = 71 |Jul humidity = 81 |Aug humidity = 79 |Sep humidity = 69 |Oct humidity = 60 |Nov humidity = 54 |Dec humidity = 53 |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration[7] }} Administrative divisionsHuludao has six immediate sub-municipal divisions:
EconomyMore than 40 mineral resources have been discovered in the Huludao region, including gold, zinc, molybdenum, lime and manganese. West of the city center, the town of Yangjiazhangzi is an important global center for molybdenum mining.[8] Huludao boasts a long coastline of 237 km, and the surrounding waters are rich in fish, shrimp and shellfish, with plentiful reserves of natural gas and oil. With a climate suitable for the cultivation of fruit trees, Suizhong county is home to the Qiansuo orchard, Asia's largest, which grows a wide variety of fruits including apples, pears, nectarines and jujubes. Huludao's economy is dominated by some of China's most important industrial enterprises, providing employment for a large proportion of the population. These include Asia's biggest zinc manufacturing operation, the Huludao Zinc Smelter, the Jinxi oil refinery and Jinhua chemical engineering, as well as Huludao's massive shipyard, the building site of China's nuclear submarines. The oilfield off the coast of Suizhong county produces 5 million tons of crude oil annually. Electricity generation is set to increase annual capacity to 3.6 million kilowatts.[9] In the city itself are special development areas designed to attract foreign investment to the region, including the Huludao Economic Development Zone and the Huludao Hi-tech Development zone, which is the location for a Siemens turbomachinery plant. TransportHuludao is an important link in rail and road networks between Beijing and northern cities such as Shenyang and Harbin. The newly renovated North Station ({{lang|zh-hans|葫芦岛北站}}) serves high-speed passenger trains that cover the {{convert|300|km|abbr=on}}to Beijing in about three hours. Public transportation in the city is provided by over 25 bus services and innumerable taxis. Traditional cycle rickshaw and auto rickshaws were banned from the city in 2010 but can be seen in smaller cities and towns in the region. Long-distance buses and trains link the centers in the greater Huludao region. TourismHuludao is endowed with scenic areas and sites of historical interest. It attracts many domestic tourists in summer with its picturesque sandy beaches, including Longwan Beach near the city center and Xingcheng Beach, a traditional resort known as the 'second Beidaihe'.[10] The old town in Xingcheng is a beautifully preserved Ming Dynasty city, with its original walls intact and an interior studded with temples and historical architecture. The hot springs in the Xingcheng region and its uncrowded beaches have contributed to its fame as a health destination for Party cadres across the country, while the stunning Juhua island is a significant tourist attraction. The Great Wall passes through Huludao in spectacular fashion at Jiumenkou on the Hebei border, where the wall spans the Daqing river in nine gates. It is the only section of the Great Wall to be built over water and was listed as a World Heritage site in 2002.[11] Other attractions in the area include the remains of Jieshi palace, built by the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty over 2,000 years ago. EducationTertiary institutions of importance in Huludao include:
Sister cities
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1571|title=Introduction to Huludao|publisher=Huludao Government|accessdate=2009-12-30}} 2. ^ tags-->|elevation_m =|elevation_ft =|elevation_max_m =|elevation_max_ft =|elevation_min_m =|elevation_min_ft =|population_as_of = 2007|population_footnotes ={{cite web|url=http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1573|title=Huludao Population|publisher=Huludao Government|accessdate=2009-12-30}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1573 |title=Huludao Population |publisher=Huludao Municipal Government |accessdate=2009-12-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005161857/http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1573 |archivedate=2009-10-05 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hldzx.gov.cn/Article/Print.asp?ArticleID=267|title=History of Huludao|publisher=Huludao Government|accessdate=2009-12-30|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707034036/http://www.hldzx.gov.cn/Article/Print.asp?ArticleID=267|archivedate=2011-07-07|df=}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1573 |title=Introduction to Huludao |publisher=Huludao Government |accessdate=2009-12-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005161857/http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1573 |archivedate=2009-10-05 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1573 |title=Huludao Climate |publisher=Huludao Government |accessdate=2009-12-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005161857/http://www.hld.gov.cn/government/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=1573 |archivedate=2009-10-05 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html|script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data|publisher=China Meteorological Administration|accessdate=2018-11-09}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.china-liaoning.gov.cn/lnftec/portalpubsys/pubsys.jsp?subjectID=000000050000ff9a37cacc&articleID2=0000002170011e42b4e0b9|title=Investment Guide of Huludao City|publisher=Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation|accessdate=2009-12-30}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.china-liaoning.gov.cn/lnftec/portalpubsys/pubsys.jsp?subjectID=000000050000ff9a37cacc&articleID2=0000002170011e42b4e0b9|title=Investment Guide of Huludao City|publisher=Liaoning Provincial Bureau of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation|accessdate=2009-12-30}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cnnshenyang.com/near/Show.asp?nearID=171 |title=Huludao - First City out of Shanhai Pass|publisher=Shenyang Guide|accessdate=2009-12-30}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.cri.cn/4026/2007/01/03/202@181184.htm|title=Huludao - Corridor of Western Liaoning|publisher=CRIENGLISH.com|accessdate=2009-12-31}} External links
3 : Huludao|Cities in Liaoning|Prefecture-level divisions of Liaoning |
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