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词条 Ian Wilmut
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career and research

  3. Awards and honours

  4. References

{{Infobox scientist
|image =
|image_size =
|name = Sir Ian Wilmut
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1944|07|07|df=y}}[1][2]
|birth_place = Hampton Lucy, England
|death_date =
|death_place =
|residence = Edinburgh, Scotland
|citizenship = British
|nationality = English
|ethnicity =
|field = Embryologist
|work_institutions = The Roslin Institute
University of Edinburgh
|alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
  • University of Nottingham (BSc)
  • University of Cambridge (PhD)}}

|doctoral_advisor = Christopher Polge
| thesis_title = The preservation of boar semen
| thesis_url = http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=15365
| thesis_year = 1971
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = Dolly the sheep
|influences =
|influenced =
|prizes = {{Plainlist|
  • OBE (1999)
  • FMedSci (1999)[3]
  • FRS (2002)[4]
  • EMBO Member (2003)[5]
  • FRSE{{when|date=August 2016}}
  • Knight Bachelor (2008)}}

| website ={{URL|crm.ed.ac.uk/research/group/redirecting-cell-fate}}
}}Sir Ian Wilmut, OBE FRS[4] FMedSci[3] FRSE[5] (born 7 July 1944)[1] is an English embryologist and Chair of the Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine[6] at the University of Edinburgh.[7] He is best known as the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly.[8][9][10][11] He was appointed OBE in 1999 for services to embryo development[12] and knighted in the 2008 New Year Honours.[13]

Early life and education

Wilmut was born in Hampton Lucy, Warwickshire, England.[14] Wilmut's father, Leonard Wilmut, was a mathematics teacher who suffered from diabetes for fifty years, which eventually caused him to become blind.[15] He was a student of the former Boys' High School, in Scarborough, where his father taught.[16] Wilmut's early desire was to embark on a naval career, but he was unable to do so due to his colour blindness.[17] As a school boy, Wilmut worked as a farm hand on weekends, which inspired him to study Agriculture at the University of Nottingham.[16][18]

In 1966, Wilmut spent 8 weeks working in the laboratory of Christopher Polge, who is credited with developing the technique of cryopreservation in 1949.[19] The following year Wilmut joined Polge's laboratory to undertake a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Cambridge from which he graduated in 1971 with a thesis on the semen cryopreservation.[20] During this time he was a postgraduate student at Darwin College, Cambridge.[1]

Career and research

Since his PhD, he has been involved in research focusing on gametes and embryogenesis, including working at the Roslin Institute.[16]

Wilmut was the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal, a lamb named Dolly.[10][11] Dolly died of a respiratory disease in 2003. However, in 2008 Wilmut announced that he would abandon the technique of somatic cell nuclear transfer[21] by which Dolly was created in favour of an alternative technique developed by Shinya Yamanaka. This method has been used in mice to derive pluripotent stem cells from differentiated adult skin cells, thus circumventing the need to generate embryonic stem cells. Wilmut believes that this method holds greater potential for the treatment of degenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and to treat stroke and heart attack patients.[22]

{{Quote box|quote="Dolly was a bonus, sometimes when scientists work hard, they also get lucky, and that's what happened."[32]|source=Ian Wilmut, quoted in Time|width=20%|align=right}}

Wilmut led the team that created Dolly, but in 2006 admitted his colleague Keith Campbell[23] deserved "66 per cent" of the invention that made Dolly's birth possible, and that the statement "I did not create Dolly" was accurate.[24] His supervisory role is consistent with the post of principal investigator held by Wilmut at the time of Dolly's creation.

Wilmut is an Emeritus Professor at the Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine [25] at the University of Edinburgh and in 2008 was knighted in the New Year Honours for services to science.[17]

In 2006 his book After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning was published,[26] co-authored with Roger Highfield.

Awards and honours

In 1998 he received the Lord Lloyd of Kilgerran Award.[27] Wilmut was appointed Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1999[1] and a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2002.[4] He is also an elected Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1999[3] and Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.{{when|date=August 2016}} He was elected an EMBO Member in 2003.[28]

In 1997 Wilmut was Time magazine man of the year runner up.[29] He was knighted in the 2008 New Year Honours.[1]

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Who's Who | surname = WILMUT | othernames = Sir Ian | id = U40170 | volume = 1999 | edition = online Oxford University Press|location=Oxford}} {{subscription required}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/bic1/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?displayGroupName=Reference&disableHighlighting=false&prodId=BIC1&action=e&windowstate=normal&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CK2433100254&mode=view&userGroupName=fpl&jsid=d42e231d58ca8137073e5e9e261885d7|title=Ian Wilmut: World of Genetics|publisher=Gale|year=2006|author=Anon}} Gale Document Number: GALE|K2433100254. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
3. ^1 2 {{cite web|author=Anon|year=1999|url=http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/fellows/fellows-directory/ordinary-fellows/sir-ian-wilmut/|website=acdmedsci.ac.uk|title=Ian Wilmut FMedSci|location=London|publisher=Academy of Medical Sciences}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Sir Ian Wilmut OBE FMedSci FRS |publisher=Royal Society |location=London |website=royalsociety.org |author=Anon |year=2002 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117113806/https://royalsociety.org/people/ian-wilmut-12541/ |archivedate=2015-11-17 |url=https://royalsociety.org/people/ian-wilmut-12541/ }} One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: {{quote|“All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.” --{{cite web|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |title=Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies |accessdate=2016-03-09 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925220834/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/ |archivedate=25 September 2015 |df=dmy }}}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://royalsociety.org/further/authors/ian-wilmut/ |title=Professor Sir Ian Wilmut FRS FMedSci FRSE | Royal Society |format= |work= |accessdate=26 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820053205/http://royalsociety.org/further/authors/ian-wilmut/ |archivedate=20 August 2011 |df=dmy }}
6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.crm.ed.ac.uk/about/scrm-building | title=Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.crm.ed.ac.uk/research/group/redirecting-cell-fate |title=Redirecting Cell Fate, Group leader: Ian Wilmut FRS, FRSE |format= |work= |accessdate=26 July 2011}}
8. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Campbell | first1 = K. H. S. | authorlink1 = Keith Campbell (biologist)| last2 = McWhir | first2 = J. | last3 = Ritchie | first3 = W. A. | last4 = Wilmut | first4 = I. | authorlink4 = Ian Wilmut| title = Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line | doi = 10.1038/380064a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 380 | issue = 6569 | pages = 64–66 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8598906| pmc = }}
9. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Schnieke | first1 = A. E. | last2 = Kind | first2 = A. J. | last3 = Ritchie | first3 = W. A. | last4 = Mycock | first4 = K. | last5 = Scott | first5 = A. R. | last6 = Ritchie | first6 = M. | last7 = Wilmut | first7 = I. | authorlink7 = Ian Wilmut| last8 = Colman | first8 = A. | last9 = Campbell | first9 = K. H. | authorlink9 = Keith Campbell (biologist)| title = Human Factor IX Transgenic Sheep Produced by Transfer of Nuclei from Transfected Fetal Fibroblasts | doi = 10.1126/science.278.5346.2130 | journal = Science | volume = 278 | issue = 5346 | pages = 2130–2133 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9405350| pmc = }}
10. ^1 {{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=The Third Culture: Ian Wilmut |url=http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/bios/wilmut.html |work= Edge.org|publisher= |date= |accessdate=16 April 2009 }}
11. ^1 {{Cite journal | last1 = Giles | first1 = J. | last2 = Knight | first2 = J. | doi = 10.1038/421776a | title = Dolly's death leaves researchers woolly on clone ageing issue | journal = Nature | volume = 421 | issue = 6925 | pages = 776 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12594470| pmc = }}
12. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Times Higher Education: Queen's Birthday Honours |url= http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=146682§ioncode=26 |work= Times Higher Education|publisher= |date=18 June 1999 |accessdate=16 April 2009 }}
13. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Dolly creator heads Scots honours |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7163209.stm|work= BBC News|publisher= BBC |author=Anon|date= 29 December 2007 |accessdate=16 April 2009 }}
14. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | vauthors = | title = Biographical Notes | work = The Shaw Prize | publisher = | date =9 September 2008 | url =http://www.shawprize.org/en/laureates/2008/life/Wilmut_Campbell_Yamanaka/biographical.html | doi = | accessdate =16 April 2009 }}
15. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Berry | first1 = S. | title = Profile – Ian Wilmut | doi = 10.1016/S0167-7799(01)01842-X | journal = Trends in Biotechnology | volume = 19 | issue = 12 | pages = 525–526 | year = 2001 | pmid = | pmc = }}
16. ^1 2 {{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | vauthors = | title = Autobiography of Sir Ian Wilmut | work = The Shaw Prize | publisher = | year = 2008| url =http://www.shawprize.org/en/laureates/2008/life/Wilmut_Campbell_Yamanaka/autobiography/Wilmut.html | doi = | accessdate =16 April 2009 }}
17. ^1 {{cite news | title = Dolly the sheep creator knighted | publisher = BBC | date = 29 December 2007 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7163587.stm | accessdate =30 December 2007}}
18. ^{{cite web| last =| first =| authorlink =| vauthors =| title =Ian Wilmut Interview: Pioneer of Cloning| work =Academy of Achievement| publisher =| date =23 May 1998| url =http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wil0int-1| format =| doi =| accessdate =16 April 2009| deadurl =yes| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20090323173656/http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/wil0int-1| archivedate =23 March 2009| df =dmy-all}}
19. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Rall | first1 = W. | title = Ernest John Christopher Polge FRS (1926–2006) | doi = 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2007.04.001 | journal = Cryobiology | volume = 54 | issue = 3 | pages = 241–242 | year = 2007 | pmid = | pmc = }}
20. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Ian|last=Wilmut |title=The preservation of boar semen|authorlink=Ian Wilmut |publisher=University of Cambridge |date=1971 |url=http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=15365|oclc=500590369}}
21. ^{{Cite journal| last1 = Wilmut | first1 = I.| authorlink1 = Ian Wilmut| last2 = Beaujean | first2 = N.| last3 = De Sousa | first3 = P. A.| last4 = Dinnyes | first4 = A.| last5 = King | first5 = T. J.| last6 = Paterson | first6 = L. A.| last7 = Wells | first7 = D. N.| last8 = Young | first8 = L. E.| doi = 10.1038/nature01079| title = Somatic cell nuclear transfer| journal = Nature| volume = 419| issue = 6709| pages = 583–586| year = 2002| pmid = 12374931| pmc =}}
22. ^{{cite news|first=Roger |last=Highfield |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=Dolly creator Prof Ian Wilmut shuns cloning |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/11/16/scidolly116.xml |work=The Sunday Times |publisher= |date=16 November 2007 |accessdate=11 December 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202064534/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fearth%2F2007%2F11%2F16%2Fscidolly116.xml |archivedate=2 December 2007 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
23. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilmut | first1 = I. | authorlink = Ian Wilmut| title = Keith Campbell (1954-2012) | doi = 10.1126/science.1233495 | journal = Science | volume = 338 | issue = 6114 | pages = 1553–1553 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23258883 | pmc = }}
24. ^{{cite news |first=Auslan |last=Cramb |authorlink= |coauthors= |title=I didn't clone Dolly the sheep says prof |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1512377/I-didnt-clone-Dolly-the-sheep-says-prof.html|work=The Telegraph |publisher= |date= 8 March 2006|accessdate=16 April 2009 }}
25. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.crm.ed.ac.uk | title=MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine}}
26. ^After Dolly: The Uses and Misuses of Human Cloning {{ISBN missing}}
27. ^{{cite journal|title=Foundation News|journal=Technology Innovation and Society|date=1998|issue=Winter 1998|page=14|url=http://www.foundation.org.uk/journal/pdf/archive/1998_14_04.pdf}}
28. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://people.embo.org/profile/ian-wilmut|website=people.embo.org|publisher=European Molecular Biology Organization|location=Heidelberg|title=EMBO Profile: Ian Wilmut|author=Anon|year=2003}}
29. ^1 {{cite news |first= Madeleine|last= Nash |authorlink= |coauthors= |title= Dr Ian Wilmut...and Dolly|url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,987594,00.html|work= Time|publisher= |date= 29 December 1997|accessdate=16 April 2009}}
{{wikiquote}}{{Shaw Prize}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}}{{Authority control}}{{FRS 2002}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilmut, Ian}}

18 : 1944 births|Living people|People from Warwickshire|Alumni of the University of Nottingham|Cloning|Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization|English atheists|English inventors|English geneticists|Academics of the University of Edinburgh|Alumni of Darwin College, Cambridge|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Knights Bachelor|Officers of the Order of the British Empire|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Embryologists
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