| 词条 | Ice Harbor Dam |
| 释义 |
|name =Ice Harbor Dam |image =IcHrbrDam-1.jpg |image_size =250 |image_caption =Ice Harbor Dam from the west, north side of the Snake River. |name_official = |dam_crosses =Snake River |res_name = Lake Sacajawea |country =United States |location = Franklin / Walla Walla counties, Washington |dam_type =Concrete gravity, run-of-the-river |res_elevation ={{convert|443|ft}} AMSL |purpose = |owner =U.S. Army Corps of Engineers |dam_length ={{convert|2822|ft}} |dam_height ={{convert|100|ft|0}} |dam_width_base = |construction_began =June 1955 |opening =1962[1] |cost = |res_capacity_total ={{convert|249000|acre feet|km3|abbr=on}}[2] |res_catchment = |res_surface ={{convert|8375|acre|km2}} |plant_turbines = 3 x 90 MW units; 3 x 111 MW units[3] |plant_capacity =603 MW 693 MW (max) |plant_annual_gen = |spillway_type =Service, gate-controlled | coordinates = {{coord|46.2495803|-118.8797221|region:US_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |extra = }}Ice Harbor Lock and Dam is a hydroelectric, concrete gravity run-of-the-river dam on the Snake River in Walla Walla and Franklin counties in the U.S. state of Washington.[4] The dam is located {{convert|8|mi}} northeast of the town of Burbank and {{convert|12|mi}} east of Pasco, river mile 9.7. Its name comes from a tiny bay in the river where boats once tied up to wait for upstream ice-jams to break up.[5] Construction began in June 1955. The main structure and three generators were completed in 1961,[6] with an additional three generators finished in 1976. Generating capacity is 603 megawatts, with an overload capacity of 693 MW. The spillway has ten gates and is {{convert|590|ft|0}} long. Dam systemIce Harbor Dam is part of the Columbia River Basin system of dams. Visitor centerInside the Dam on the South side of the river is a large visitor center that has been recently updated to include a new film "The Snake - River of Life" and a new modern interactive touch screen kiosk with information on the dam and recreational opportunities in the area. The visitor center also has a fish ladder viewing room which offers an excellent view of migrating Salmon, Steelhead and Shad. Due to security, visitors must pass through the security gate to gain access. Surrounding water bodiesLake Sacajawea, named for Sacajawea, is formed behind the dam. The lake stretches to the base of Lower Monumental Dam, {{convert|32|mi}} upstream. The Wallula Channel, formed from the backup of Snake River entering the Columbia River just southeast of Pasco, runs {{convert|10|mi|0}} downstream from the base of the dam.
ClimateThe highest temperature ever measured in Washington state, at {{convert|118|°F|°C|1}}, was recorded at Ice Harbor Dam on August 5, 1961.[7] {{Weather box|Apr record high F=94|Apr high F=65.1|Apr low F=40.5|Apr record low F=22|Apr precipitation inch=0.80|Apr snow inch=0|Aug record high F=118|Aug high F=88.4|Aug low F=59.2|Aug record low F=38|Aug precipitation inch=0.41|Aug snow inch=0|Dec record high F=68|Dec high F=41.7|Dec low F=28.5|Dec record low F=-14|Dec precipitation inch=1.42|Dec snow inch=1.6|Feb record high F=74|Feb high F=48.4|Feb low F=30.2|Feb record low F=-14|Feb precipitation inch=0.92|Feb snow inch=0.9|Jan record high F=67|Jan high F=41.2|Jan low F=27.4|Jan record low F=-14|Jan precipitation inch=1.26|Jan snow inch=2.5|Jun record high F=110|Jun high F=81.0|Jun low F=54.2|Jun record low F=38|Jun precipitation inch=0.79|Jun snow inch=0|Jul record high F=112|Jul high F=89.2|Jul low F=59.9|Jul record low F=44|Jul precipitation inch=0.24|Jul snow inch=0|Mar record high F=81|Mar high F=57.5|Mar low F=34.8|Mar record low F=13|Mar precipitation inch=0.98|Mar snow inch=0.1|May record high F=100|May high F=73.3|May low F=47.5|May record low F=28|May precipitation inch=0.95|May snow inch=0|Nov record high F=78|Nov high F=51.3|Nov low F=34.4|Nov record low F=6|Nov precipitation inch=1.33|Nov snow inch=0.2|Oct record high F=89|Oct high F=66.3|Oct low F=41.3|Oct record low F=17|Oct precipitation inch=0.82|Oct snow inch=0|Sep record high F=100|Sep high F=79.8|Sep low F=50.8|Sep record low F=27|Sep precipitation inch=0.45|Sep snow inch=0|single line=Y|precipitation colour=green|location=Ice Harbor Dam, WA|source 1=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wa3883}}See also{{stack|{{Portal|Washington|Water|Renewable energy}}}}
References1. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=UswoAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4AUGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1008,4493998 |newspaper=Tri-City Herald|title=Ice Harbor Dam brought big boats back to Snake River|date=June 17, 1975|page=26 }} 2. ^{{cite web|title=The Four Lower Snake River Dams|url=http://www.bluefish.org/fourdams.htm|publisher=Bluefish.org|accessdate=17 July 2010}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Ice Harbor Dam|url=http://www.cbr.washington.edu/crisp/hydro/ihr.html|publisher=Washington.edu|accessdate=17 July 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=The Columbia River System Inside Story|url=http://www.bpa.gov/power/pg/columbia_river_inside_story.pdf|publisher=BPA.gov|accessdate=17 July 2010|pages=14–15}} 5. ^{{cite web |title=Ice Harbor Dam |work=Washington Place Names database |publisher=Tacoma Public Library |url=http://search.tpl.lib.wa.us/wanames/ |accessdate=2009-03-06 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309023858/http://search.tpl.lib.wa.us/wanames/ |archivedate=2009-03-09 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ybdeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gDAMAAAAIBAJ&pg=4369%2C2348960|newspaper=Lewiston Morning Tribune|title=Ice Harbor is first step in taming of lower Snake|date=July 16, 1961|page=13}} 7. ^{{cite web | title=United States Extreme Record Temperatures & Differences|url=http://ggweather.com/climate/extremes_us.htm| accessdate=2008-11-22}} External links{{Commons category|Ice Harbor Lock and Dam}}
9 : Dams in Washington (state)|Buildings and structures in Franklin County, Washington|Hydroelectric power plants in Washington (state)|Buildings and structures in Walla Walla County, Washington|United States Army Corps of Engineers dams|Dams completed in 1962|Energy infrastructure completed in 1962|Dams on the Snake River|Gravity dams |
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