| 词条 | Dolmen de Viera |
| 释义 |
|name = Dolmen de Viera |native_name = |alternate_name = |image = Dolmen de Viera.JPG |alt = |caption = The entrance to the Dolmen de Viera. |map = |map_caption = |map_type = |map_alt = |latitude = |longitude = |map_size = |location = Spain |region = Andalusia |coordinates = |type = dolmen and tumulus |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = earth and stone |built = 4,000 years bp |abandoned = |epochs = Copper Age |cultures = |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = |archaeologists = Antonio and José Viera |condition = |ownership = Council of Culture, Andalusian Autonomous Government |management = |public_access = yes |website = |notes = | designation1 = WHS | designation1_offname = Antequera Dolmens Site | designation1_date = 2016 (40th session) | designation1_type = Cultural | designation1_criteria = i, iii, iv | designation1_number = 1501 | designation1_free1name = State Party | designation1_free1value = Spain | designation1_free2name = Region | designation1_free2value = Europe and North America }} The Dolmen de Viera or Dolmen de los Hermanos Viera is a dolmen—a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb—located in Antequera, province of Málaga, Andalusia, Spain.[1] It is located only {{convert|70|m|ft}} from the Dolmen de Menga[1] and about {{convert|4|km|mi}} of another structure known as Tholos de El Romeral. It was discovered between 1903 and 1905 by brothers Antonio and José Viera from Antequera, who also discovered El Romeral.[2] DescriptionLike the Dolmen de Menga, it is built with an orthostatic technique: large stones standing upright.[2] It consists of a long corridor[2][3] formed by twenty-seven stones, leading to a rectangular chamber.[2] This is presumed to be a burial chamber, although only silica and bone tools and ceramics were discovered there.[1] The burial chamber has different dimensions than the corridor: a little over {{convert|200|cm|in}} high[2] and {{convert|180|cm|in}} wide,[4] while the corridor is {{convert|185|cm|in}} high[4] and ranges from {{convert|130|cm|in}} wide at the entrance to {{convert|160|cm|in}} where it meets up with the chamber.[2] The corridor is a bit over {{convert|21|m|ft}} long.[2] The stones range from {{convert|20|cm|in}} to {{convert|50|cm|in}} in thickness.[4] The dolmen is covered by a mound or tumulus {{convert|50|m|ft}} in diameter.[2] Like most Iberian tombs, it is oriented slightly south of east (96°),[2] situated precisely so that at the summer solstices the sunlight at daybreak illuminates the burial chamber.[5] The left and right sides of the corridor appear to have consisted originally of sixteen slabs each; fourteen remain on the left and 15 on the right. Five larger slabs are intact in the roof, and there are fragments of two others; it would appear that three or four more have been entirely lost. The end of the corridor is a single large monolith with a square hole near its center. This and three other monoliths surround the chamber[2][6] There is a notable difference between the stones of the sides and those of the roof: the former are much more carefully worked and fit perfectly into the recesses made in the stones of the entrance and the floor.{{citation needed|date=January 2010}} HistoryThe Dolmen de Viera was built in the Copper Age, 3510-3020 BCE approx.[7] It has had the status of a National monument since 1923.[2] Current statusThe site is owned by the Council of Culture of the Andalusian Autonomous Government, who manage it as part of the Conjunto Arqueológico Dólmenes de Antequera.[2] The dolmen was restored recently,[4] and is open for visits by the public.[2] In 2016, the dolmens of Menga, Viera, and El Romeral were all inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Antequera Dolmens Site". Notes1. ^1 2 Dólmenes de Antequera, nuevaacropolismalaga.org. Accessed online 2010-01-23. {{World Heritage Sites in Spain}}{{Coord|37.024116|N|04.548374|W|display=title}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Dolmen De Viera}}2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Conjunto Arqueológico Dólmenes de Antequera {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615072920/http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/cultura/web/servlet/descarga?up=34719 |date=June 15, 2011 }}, Consejería de Cultura, Junta de Andalucía. Accessed online 2010-01-23. 3. ^José Antonio Quintana Campos, Dolmen de Viera, Patrimonio Histórico de Antequera «Dolmen de Menga». Accessed online 2010-01-23. 4. ^1 2 3 Dolmen de Viera, Antequera, Málaga, spanisharts.com. Accessed online 2010-01-23. 5. ^Geoff Garvey, Mark Ellingham, Paul Sandham, Chris Stewart, The Rough Guide to Andalucia, Fourth Edition, Rough Guides, 2003, {{ISBN|1-84353-068-6}}, p. 108. The book mentions the solstice with respect to the nearby Dolmen de Menga, which is identically aligned; in its case, there is a rock whose shadow is cast by the rising sun. 6. ^A diagram can be seen at Dolmen de Viera, Antequera, Málaga, spanisharts.com. Accessed online 2010-01-23. 7. ^{{cite | author1 = Juan Fernández Ruiz | title = Dólmenes de Antequera. Guía oficial del conjunto arqueológico|url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/cultura/museos/docs/guia_oficial_antequera.pdf | year = 2010 | work = Junta de Andalucía. Ministry of Culture | page = 62 | author2 =José Enrique Márquez Romero}} 6 : Archaeological sites in Spain|Dolmens in Spain|Province of Málaga|Buildings and structures in Andalusia|Tourist attractions in Andalusia|World Heritage Sites in Spain |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。