| 词条 | Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park |
| 释义 |
| type = protected | name = Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park | state = sa | iucn_category = II | iucn_ref = [1] | image = Flinders Ranges NP SA.jpg | caption = Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park | image_alt = | coordinates = {{coord|31|25|20|S|138|42|18|E|scale:1000000|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = bottom | map_alt = | nearest_town_or_city = Hawker | area = 933.97 | area_footnotes = [1] | established = {{start date|1945|01|01|df=y}} | established_footnotes = [1] | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_footnotes = | managing_authorities = Department for Environment and Water | url = http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/parks/Find_a_Park/Browse_by_region/Flinders_Ranges_and_Outback/Flinders_Ranges_National_Park }} The Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park[2] is situated approximately 400 km north of Adelaide in the northern central part of South Australia's largest mountain range, the Flinders Ranges. The park covers an area of 912 km², northeast of the small town of Hawker. The Heysen Trail and Mawson Trails pass through the park. The park's most characteristic landmark is Wilpena Pound, a large, sickle-shaped, natural amphitheatre covering nearly 80 km², containing the range's highest peak, St Mary Peak (1,170 metres).[3] On 12 February 2016 the park was renamed to include the Adnyamathanha word, Ikara, "meeting place", referring to the traditional name for Wilpena Pound.[2] The park centre at Wilpena Pound is accessible by sealed road from Hawker. Other areas in the park can be reached by un-sealed roads, which are mostly accessible by two-wheel drive vehicles except in bad weather or after heavy rain. There are many lookouts, scenic vistas, small canyons and unusual rock formations located in the park. These include Wilpena Pound, Wilkawillina Gorge, Hucks Lookout, Brachina Gorge, Bunyeroo Gorge and Arkaroo Rock. The park has some stone ruins from early European settlement and Aboriginal rock art sites. A rock formation called the Great Wall of China is located just outside the park. Camping is permitted at many locations in the park.[3] GeologyThe Flinders Ranges are largely composed of folded and faulted sediments of the Adelaide Geosyncline. This very thick sequence of sediments were deposited in a large basin during the Neoproterozoic on the passive margin of the ancient continent of Rodinia. During the Cambrian, approximately 540 million years ago, the area underwent the Delamerian orogeny where the geosynclinal sequence was folded and faulted into a large mountain range. Since this time the area has undergone erosion resulting in the relatively low ranges today. Most of the high ground and ridgetops in the Flinders are sequences of quartzites that outcrop along strike. The high walls of Wilpena Pound are formed by the outcropping beds of the eponymous Pound Quartzite in a synclinal structure. The same formation forms many of the other high parts of the Flinders, including the high plateau of the Gammon Ranges and the Heysen Range. Cuesta forms are also very common in the Flinders. Flora and faunaThe flora of the Flinders Ranges is composed largely of species adapted to a semi-arid environment such as cypress-pine, mallee, and black oak. Moister areas near Wilpena Pound support grevilleas, Guinea flowers, lilies and ferns. Reeds and sedges grow near permanent water sources such as springs and waterholes. Since the eradication of dingos and the establishment of permanent waterholes for stock, the numbers of red kangaroos, western grey kangaroos and euros in the Flinders Ranges have increased. The yellow-footed rock-wallaby, which neared extinction after the arrival of Europeans due to hunting and predation by foxes, has now stabilized. Other endemic marsupials include dunnarts, planigales. Echidnas are the sole monotreme species in the park. Insectivorous bats make up significant proportion of mammals in the area. Reptiles include goannas, snakes, dragon lizards, skinks and geckos. The streambank froglet is an endemic amphibian.[3] BirdsThere are a large number of bird species including various parrots, emus, the wedge-tailed eagles and small numbers of waterbirds. The land within the national park has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area (IBA) because it contains an apparently sustainable population of the range-restricted short-tailed grasswren.[4] Heritage listingsThere are a number of heritage-listed sites within the national park:
See also
References1. ^1 2 {{cite web|title= Terrestrial Protected Areas of South Australia (refer 'DETAIL' tab ) |url= http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/761994ab-42cc-4f24-952c-c21221861884/files/capad2016sa.xlsx |work=CAPAD 2016|publisher=Australian Government, Department of the Environment (DoE) |accessdate=21 February 2018 |date=2016}} 2. ^1 Flinders Ranges to be renamed in recognition of traditional Aboriginal owners ABC News, 12 February 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2016. 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|title=Reader's Digest Illustrated Guide to Australian Places|year=1993|publisher=Reader's Digest|location=Sydney, NSW|isbn=0-86438-399-1|pages=526}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.birdata.com.au/iba.vm |title=IBA: Flinders Ranges |accessdate=2011-06-22 |work=Birdata |first= |last= |publisher=Birds Australia |date= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706102341/http://www.birdata.com.au/iba.vm |archivedate=6 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=43 | title=Eddie Pumpa Outstation including Outbuilding, Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215225818/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=43 | archivedate=15 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=45 | title=Hayward Homestead (Ruin), Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216004850/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=45 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=76 | title=Impact Ejecta Horizon Late Precambrian Shales Geological Site, Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216002001/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=76 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=47 | title=Mail Station & Rubbish Dump, Enorama Site (Ruin), Aroona Station, Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216014347/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=47 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=81 | title=Oraparinna Diapir Locality (designated place of geological significance), Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215224103/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=81 | archivedate=15 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=62 | title=apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=62 | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216020127/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=62 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 11. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=72 | title=Wilpena Pound Geological Landform, Flinders Ranges National Park (designated place of geological significance) | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216012639/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=72 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 12. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=73 | title=Stromatolites in the Precambrian Trezona Formation, Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216020424/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=73 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=44 | title=Wills Homestead Complex (Ruins), Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215232014/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=44 | archivedate=15 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 14. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=52 | title=Appealinna Mine Ruins & Miner's Hut, Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215230350/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=52 | archivedate=15 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 15. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=74 | title=Wilkawillina Archaeocyathae Geological Site, partly located within Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216015252/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=74 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=46 | title=Dingley Dell Homestead (Ruin) (including Stable/Pen, Retaining Wall, Lime Kilns, Meat and Smoke House), Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216005759/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=46 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 17. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=42 | title=The South Australia Heritage Places database | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215234712/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=42 | archivedate=15 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 18. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=86 | title=Enorama Diapir Locality - Diapir Reef Complex (designated place of geological significance) Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215233243/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=86 | archivedate=15 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} 19. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=48 | title=Former Blacksmith's Shop, Oraparinna Station, Flinders Ranges National Park | publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources | work=South Australian Heritage Register | accessdate=12 February 2016 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216021138/http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=48 | archivedate=16 February 2016 | df=dmy-all }} External links{{Commons category|Ikara-Flinders Ranges National Park}}
5 : National parks of South Australia|Flinders Ranges|Protected areas established in 1945|1945 establishments in Australia|Far North (South Australia) |
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