| 词条 | Ilmari Juutilainen | ||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name=Ilmari Juutilainen |birth_date={{birth date|df=y|1914|2|21}} |death_date={{death date and age|df=y|1999|2|21|1914|2|21}} |birth_place=Lieksa |death_place=Tuusula |image=Eino Ilmari Juutilainen.jpg |image_size=150 |caption= |nickname=Illu |allegiance=Finland |branch=Finnish Air Force |serviceyears=1932–1947 |rank=Lentomestari (equivalent to modern Sotilasmestari(Sergeant Major)) |commands= |unit=LeLv 24, LeLv 34 |battles={{plainlist|
}} | awards ={{plainlist|
}} |laterwork=Professional pilot |relations = Aarne Juutilainen (brother) }}Eino Ilmari "Illu" Juutilainen (21 February 1914 – 21 February 1999) was a fighter pilot of the Ilmavoimat (Finnish Air Force), and the top scoring non-German fighter pilot of all time. This makes him the top flying ace of the Finnish Air Force, leading all Finnish pilots in score against Soviet aircraft in World War II (1939–40 and 1941–44), with 94 confirmed aerial combat victories in 437 sorties.[1] He himself claimed 126 victories. He achieved 34 of his victories while flying the Brewster Buffalo fighter.[2] Juutilainen was born in Lieksa, and died in Tuusula. His brother was the Finnish Army Captain Aarne Juutilainen. SummaryJuutilainen was the top scoring Finnish fighter pilot. He flew Fokker D.XXI, Brewster Buffalo, and Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighters. He was one of only four people to twice receive the highest Finnish military decoration, the Mannerheim Cross, and is considered the highest scoring non-German ace of all time. Juutilainen finished the war without a single hit to his plane from enemy fighter airplanes (once he was forced to land after a friendly anti-aircraft gun fired at his Bf 109). Like Japanese fighter ace Saburō Sakai, Juutilainen never lost a wingman in combat. He also scored the first radar-assisted victory in the Finnish Air Force on 24 March 1943, when he was guided to a Soviet Pe-2 by a German radar operator, who was testing out the freshly-delivered radar sets, that officially became operational 3 days later. LifeJuutilainen entered the Finnish military on 9 September 1932 for his compulsory military service, serving as a pilot in the Finnish Air Force starting in 1935. On 1 May 1935, Juutilainen was promoted to sergeant. He was transferred to LeLv 24, operating from Utti, on March 3, 1939. In October 1939, with the situation worsening, the squadron moved to Immola, closer to the Finnish-Soviet frontier. During the Winter War (which broke on 30 November 1939) Juutilainen flew the Fokker D.XXI. He scored his first victory on 19 December 1939, shooting down an Ilyushin DB-3 bomber and damaging two more.[3] At the end of the Winter War, Juutilainen had achieved one shared and two individual victories.[4] During the Continuation War, Juutilainen served in 3/LeLv 24, flying a Brewster B-239 "Buffalo". On 21 July 1941, Juutilainen and five other Buffaloes scrambled to intercept Soviet fighters from 65th ShAP that were strafing Finnish troops near Käkisalmi. During that sortie, he destroyed a Polikarpov I-153 'Chaika', making him an "ace" in the Brewster Buffalo.[5] A few days later, on 1 August, seven fighters under the command of First Lieutenant Karhunen destroyed six I-16s near Rautjarvi, and Juutilainen (having been promoted to Warrant Officer in the meantime) claimed two of them.[6] On the morning of 6 February 1942, while reconnoitering the Petrovkiy-Jam region with other LLv 24 pilots, Juutilainen intercepted seven Tupolev SB bombers escorted by 12 MiG-3s. Juutilainen claimed two SBs. Juutilainen later recalled: {{Cquote|I noticed the bombers at 3,000 metres, and radioed the boys about them. As we intercepted the Soviet aircraft, I spotted a formation of three SBs heading for a nearby railway line and dived after them. Targeting the aircraft to the left of the formation, my fire set its port wing aflame. The SB crashed next to the railway line. Just as I started after the lead bomber, I observed a MiG fighter closing in on me. In spite of the threat posed by the latter, I managed to hit the bomber in the starboard engine, which poured out smoke and oil. Moments later the aeroplane rolled over to the right and plunged into the forest close to the railway line.Turning my attention to the MiG, which was above me, I managed to shoot at it as we raced towards each other. My aim was good and the fighter started to trail black smoke from the engine. He banked away to the east, losing altitude as it went.[7]}} On 27–28 March 1942, 3/LLv 24 moved to Immola in preparation for a Finnish Army offensive on Suursaari, in the Gulf of Finland. Although grossly outnumbered over the Gulf of Finland, LeLv 24 pilots were more experienced than their Soviet opponents from Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Even when they had the advantage of surprise and height, Soviet pilots did not succeed in shooting down Finnish pilots.[8] On 28 March, WO Juutilainen, in patrol with Sgt Huotari, attacked some "Chaikas" of 11 IAP over the Suurkyla shoreline, at Gogland, and shot down two of them. These air victories took Juutilainen's tally to 22. A month later, on 26 April, he became his unit's first recipient of the Mannerheim Cross.[9] On 20 September, he took off with Capt Jorma Karhunen and 3/LeLv 24 pilots for a patrol of the Kronstadt{Interlanguage link multi|Tolbukhin Lighthouse|ru|3=Маяк Толбухин|lt=Tolbukhin}Seiskari region. Near the Estonian coast, they were bounced by ten Soviet fighters. But the Finnish quickly reacted and managed to down three of their opponents. WO Juutilainen was credited with two kills.[8] All in all, Juutilainen scored 34 victories in Brewster B-239, 28 of them (including three triple kills) between 9 July 1941 and 22 November 1942, in his BW-364 "Orange 4".[4] In 1943, Juutilainen was transferred to LeLv 34, which used new Messerschmitt Bf 109G-2s.[10] With the Bf 109, he shot down a further 58 enemy planes. He shot down six Soviet airplanes on 30 June 1944 (all confirmed on Soviet loss records), becoming an ace in a day and parallelling Jorma Sarvanto's score on 6 January 1940 in the Winter War. Juutilainen refused an officer commission, fearing it would keep him from flying. His 94th and last victory was a Li-2, the Russian version of the Douglas C-47, shot down on 3 September 1944 over the Karelian Isthmus.[11] After the wars, Juutilainen served in the air force until 1947. He worked as a professional pilot until 1956, flying people in his De Havilland Moth. His last flight was in 1997 at age 83, in a double-seated F-18 Hornet of the Finnish Air Force. Juutilainen died at home in Tuusula (Tusby) on his 85th birthday on 21 February 1999. Victories
Popular cultureThe character Eila Ilmatar Juutilainen from the anime Strike Witches is based on him. ReferencesNotes1. ^Keskinen 1978, p. 4–7. 2. ^Stenman and Thomas 2010, p. 85. 3. ^Jackson 2003, p. 47. 4. ^1 Stenman and Thomas 2010, p. 94. 5. ^Stenman and Thomas 2010, p. 14. 6. ^Stenman and Thomas 2010, p. 15. 7. ^Stenman and Thomas 2010, pp. 22-23. 8. ^1 Stenman and Thomas 2010, p. 30. 9. ^Stenman and Thomas 2010, p. 24. 10. ^Jackson 2003, p. 47. 11. ^Jackson 2003, p. 47. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
9 : 1914 births|1999 deaths|Finnish Air Force personnel|Finnish World War II flying aces|Winter War pilots|Knights of the Mannerheim Cross|Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 3rd Class|People from Lieksa|People from Kuopio Province (Grand Duchy of Finland) |
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