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词条 Economy of Andhra Pradesh
释义

  1. GSDP

      Per capita income  

  2. Agriculture and Livestock

      Aquaculture  

  3. Industries

      Industrial estates  

  4. Infrastructure

      Transportation    Communication  

  5. Exports

  6. Resources

      Power  

  7. Tourism

  8. Economic timeline

     Economic changes during 1954–1983  Economic changes during the 1980s 

  9. References

{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2013}}{{Infobox economy
| country = Andhra Pradesh
| image =
| gdp = {{INRConvert|9.33|lc}} (2018-19 est.)[1]
| gdp rank = 7th
| image_size =
| caption =
| currency =
| fixed exchange =
| year =
| organs =
| growth = 11.2% (2018-19)[1]
| per capita = {{INRConvert|165000}} (2018-19)[1]
| per capita rank = 16th
| sectors = Agriculture 34%
Industry 22%
Services 44% (2017-18)[1]
| components =
| inflation =
| bankrate =
| poverty =
| gini =
| hdi =
| labor =
| occupations = Agriculture 55%
Industry 10%
Services 35% (2015)[1]
| unemployment =
| average gross salary =
| gross median =
| average net salary =
| net median =
| industries =
| edbr =
| exports =
| export-goods =
| export-partners =
| imports =
| import-goods =
| import-partners =
| FDI =
| current account =
| gross external debt =
| NIIP =
| debt = 28.7% of GSDP (2018-19 est.)[1]
| revenue = {{INRConvert|1.58|lc|nolink=yes}} (2018-19 est.)[1]
| expenses = {{INRConvert|1.91|lc|nolink=yes}} (2018-19 est.)[2]
| aid =
| credit =
| spelling = Oxford
| presentUS$asdefault = no
}}

The economy of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest growing economies in India, with growth outstripping that of the wider Indian economy in the past few years. The GSDP at constant (2011-12) Prices for the year 2018-19 (Advance Estimates) is estimated at {{INR}}850,000 crores as against {{INR}}490,134 crores for 2015-16 (First Revised Estimates) indicating a growth of 11.61%. Per Capita Income at current prices increased to {{INR}}122,376 from {{INR}}108,163 in 2015-16 registering a growth of 13.14%.[3]

The economy is primarily dependent on agriculture, which directly and indirectly employs 62% of the population[3]. The state has been ranked the best state in ease of doing business in the country by the World Bank.[4]

GSDP

In 2014–15, the state ranked eighth in GSDP at current prices, which stood at {{INRConvert|5200.3|b|abbr=on}}. It recorded 12.03% growth compared to previous fiscal which was {{INRConvert|4641.84|b|abbr=on}}. While, at constant prices, the GSDP of the state for 2014–15 was {{INRConvert|2645.21|b|abbr=on}}, compare to {{INRConvert|2467.24|b|abbr=on}} of 2013–14.[5]

In 2012-13, the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Andhra Pradesh at constant prices stood at {{INRConvert|2359.3|b|abbr=on}} and the Gross State Domestic Product

at current prices for the same fiscal year stood at {{INRConvert|4193.91|b|abbr=on}}. The per capita income of the state increased by 6.26% from {{INRConvert|25.959|k|abbr=on}} (2004–05) to {{INRConvert|42.186|k|abbr=on}} (2012-13).[6]

This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Andhra Pradesh at market prices by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in billions of Indian rupees.

1999-00 to 2006–07
Year GSDP (current prices)
(in billions)
 Growth Rates
1999–001294.0312.12%
2000–011450.910.82%
2001–021571.58.31%
2002–031681.437.00%
2003–041908.813.52%
2004–052104.4910.25%
2005–062360.3412.16%
2006–072691.7314.04%
Recent years
Year GSDP (current prices)
(in billions)
 Growth Rates
2013–149,013,30012.12%
2014–1516,866,95010.82%
Source: GSDP (current prices)[7]

Per capita income

The per capita income figure gives a better idea of the standard of living of the people. In 2014–15, the state is ranked eighteenth with 90517 in terms of GDP per capita at current prices. It recorded a growth of 11.20% compared to previous fiscal which was 81,397.[8]

Agriculture and Livestock

Agriculture has been the chief source of income and main occupation for the state with 60% of population engaged in agriculture and related activities. Rice is the major food crop and staple food of the state. Other important crops are sugarcane, cotton, mango, tobacco, Maize, pulses etc. Four important rivers of India, the Godavari, Krishna, Penna, and Tungabhadra flow through the state, providing irrigation. Recently, crops used for vegetable oil production such as sunflower and peanuts have gained favour. There are many multi-state irrigation projects in development, including Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects and Nagarjuna Sagar Dam.

Andhra Pradesh was among the very few states in the country which went in for the Green Revolution in rice cultivation in the 1970s. Agricultural income in the state was {{INRConvert|54.599|b|abbr=on}} at constant prices (2012–13).[6]

Given below is a table of 2015 national output share of select agricultural crops and allied segments in Andhra Pradesh based on 2011 prices[9]

Segment National Share %
Cocoa 70.7
Tobacco leaf & steam 47.6
Marine fish 40.9
Rajma 35.9
Ajwain 34.6
Chilli 34.6
Cow pea 27.7
Muskmelon 22.2
Urd 20.7
Banana 20.0
Lemon 18.5
Sericulture and Apiculture 18.0
Inland fish 15.4
Egg 15.0
Groundnut 13.0
Sapota 12.2
Cashew nut 12.1
Bitter gourd 11.9
Water melon 11.0
Parmal 10.6
Narcotics 10.2
Orange 9.6
Tomato 9.3
Mango 9.2
Meat 9.2
Condiments and spices 8.5
Sunflower 8.3
Moong 8.1
Pomegranate 7.9
Turmeric 7.9
Horsegram 7.7
Pulse 7.7
Cucumber 7.2
Paddy 7.2
Papaya 7.0
Carrot 6.8
Milk 6.7
Jowar 6.6
Mesta 6.4
Maize 6.3
Betel 6.1
Fruit and vegetable 6.1
Oilseed 6.1
Coconut 6.0
Bean 5.5
Kapas 5.2
Tamarind 5.2
Ber 5.1
Floriculture 5.0

Aquaculture

Aquaculture such as cultivating fish, crustaceans, molluscs, Shrimp production etc., are the major occupations of coastal areas. Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of shrimp in the country, with 70% of the production from the state itself.[10] The geographical location of the state allows marine fishing as well as inland fish production. Cyclones may do less damage to aquaculture than to crop production. Hence, farmers are getting attracted towards this industry. It grew from {{INRConvert|3.46|b|abbr=on}} to {{INRConvert|5.61|b|abbr=on}}.[11] The Waterbase Limited is an aquaculture unit located at Nellore, it encourages scientific shrimp farming.[12] Most exported marine exports include Vannamei shrimp.[13]

Industries

{{See also|Software industry in Andhra Pradesh}}

The domestic product of Industrial sector accounts for {{INRConvert|507.45|b|abbr=on}}.[6] The state has also started to focus on the fields of information technology and biotechnology. Several major heavy industries are in operation in Visakhapatnam. The state still has to make its mark in Hi-tech engineering. Automobiles and Auto components Industry, spices, mines and minerals, Textiles and apparels, IT industry, Bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals, horticulture, poultry farming are the main industries in Andhra Pradesh.

Industrial estates

As of June 2013, the state had 39 operational special economic zones (SEZs). There are 272 Industrial estates and industrial development areas in the State, covering an area of 14700 hectares. The State Government is in the process of developing Industrial Parks at different places, for specific groups of industries like Visakhapatnam Export Processing Zone.

Food parks, one each in the 2 regions of Coastal Andhra (value added rice products, dairy, horticultural, marine etc.); and in Rayalseema region (processing of vegetables, edible oils and export oriented industry). Agri Export Zones for the following produce are proposed at the places mentioned against them:

  • Red Chilli – Guntur district,
  • Mangoes – Krishna district,
  • Mango pulp and fresh vegetables – Chittoor

Infrastructure

Transportation

Road transport remains the primary mode of transport in the state. The state is criss-crossed by 5,293.43 km of National Highways and 15,406 km of State Highways. The National Highway 16, which is a part of the Golden Quadrilateral passes through the state from north to south and is at the centre of the road network. The National Highways are developed and maintained by NHAI while the state highways and other roads are maintained by the Andhra Pradesh Road Development Corporation. The state has a road density of 32.82 km/sq.km, higher than the national average of 30.45 km/sq. km. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation operates buses that form the primary mode of transport across the state. As of March 2017, there are 11,962 buses in operation.

Andhra Pradesh has a total broad gauge railway route of 3703.25 km and has no metre gauge railway.[14] The rail density of the state is 16.59 per {{Convert|1000|km|abbr=on}}, compared to an all India average of 20.[15] The Howrah–Chennai main line which runs through the state is proposed to be upgraded into a high-speed rail corridor through the Diamond Quadrilateral project of the Indian Railways. [16][17]

There are three A1 and twenty three A-category railway stations in the state.[18] Visakhapatnam railway station has been declared the cleanest railway station in the country.[19] The railway station of Shimiliguda was the first highest broad gauge railway station in the country.[20]

Three iconic bridges that span the river Godavari - the decommissioned Old Godavari Bridge, the Godavari bridge and the new Godavari Arch bridge are widely regarded as architectural and engineering marvels of the state.

There are two international airports in the state at Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada. There are domestic airports at Kadapa, Tirupati, Rajamuhndry and Puttaparti. The government is planning to develop a new international airport at Bhogapuram and two new domestic airports at Dagadarthi and Orvakallu to serve the growing needs of the state.

Andhra Pradesh has the second longest coastline in the country and the longest coastline on the eastern coast. Vishakapatnam Port, a major port operated by the central government is the fifth busiest port in the country. Keeping in mind shift of trade towards India's eastern coast, the government is developing 14 non-major ports in the state, out of which five are operational. There is a huge scope for inland water transportation in the state through the network of river interlinking canals that are being developed. However, the current status of it is minimal.

Communication

The latest available statistics (as in 2001) show that there were 3003 Telephone exchanges, 3140948 telephone connections, 118 telegraph offices (excluding extension counters, telecom centres, and combined offices) and 78218 public telephones. As at December 2003, it is estimated that there are 1550,000 cell phone subscribers in the State. The State has a share of 7% in All India cell phone subscribers.

Exports

Tentative estimates reveal that the total exports from AP during the year 2003–04 were to the tune of {{INR}}15,306 crore. The share of software was 30%, and that of food products was 20%. The value of exports during 2002–03 was {{INR}}13,614 crore and that during 2001–02 was {{INR}}12,400 crore.

Resources

Gross state domestic product (GSDP) of industries was estimated at US$137.3 billion for 2012–13. Andhra Pradesh is one of the store houses of mineral resources with large deposits of Chrysotile, mica Asbestos, barytes and limestone India. It accounts for about 93% of total production of Barytes in India.

Andhra Pradesh has varied geological formations with a rich variety of industrial minerals and building stones.[21] Other important minerals in the state are copper ore, manganese, mica, coal and limestone. Minerals like coal, oil and Natural gas, barytes, Limestone, diamond, gold beach sand bauxite, ball clay fire clay, dolomite, dimensional stones etc. are still under tapped or untapped. The wide variety of minerals from the State is being traded or consumed in Power, Metals, Alloys, Cement, Chemicals, Paint, Cosmetic, Glass, Ceramics, Refractory, Refinery and manufacture of various down stream industries.

Minerals found in the state include limestone, reserves of Oil and Natural Gas, Manganese, Asbestos, Iron Ore, Ball Clay, Fire Clay, Gold Diamonds, Graphite, Dolomite, Quartz, Tungsten, Steatitic, Feldspar, Silica Sand etc. It has about one third of India's limestone reserves and is known for large exclusive deposits of Barytes and Galaxy granite in the international market.[21]

Mining

Mining is identified as one of the growth engines for the overall development of industry and infrastructure. The Tummalapalle Uranium mine in Andhra has confirmed 49,000 tonnes of ore and there are indications that it could hold reserves totaling three times its current size. 700 million tonnes of metal grade Bauxite deposits in close proximity to Visakhapatnam Port.

The Government of Andhra Pradesh is keen to utilize large deposits of KG Basin (Krishna Godavari Basin gas for power production to overcome the energy shortage, create employment opportunities and contribute to economic value and exports.[22]

Power

{{Main|Power sector of Andhra Pradesh}}

The state is a pioneer nationwide in hydro electricity generation, encouraging privates sector in power generation and efficient use of its coal based thermal power stations. The state has become power surplus with excess power generation being exported to other states.

Thermal (natural gas and coal based) and renewable power plants totalling to 21,000 MW are installed in the state by the year 2015. Thermal power plants with total capacity of 9,155 MW are situated in the state which includes Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant (2000 MW) of NTPC, Rayalaseema Thermal Power Station (1050 MW), Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power Station (1600 MW), Vijayawada Thermal Power Plant (1760 MW), etc. Hydel power plants are having a capacity of 1798 MW.[23]

Tourism

The state provides a budget for tourism, financially supporting various projects.[24] The state has helped develop religious tourism via the State Tourism Department (APTDC).[24] Some of the famous destinations are Tirumala, Srisailam, Sri Kalahasti, etc. Tirupathi is one of the major source of income in the tourism segment because of the abode of Sri Venkateswara (Lord Balaji). The temple is one of the richest in the world in terms of donations received. Other important sources of income come from the developing tourism centres at Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada.

Economic timeline

Economic changes during 1954–1983

This can be called the 29-year era of 12 centrally nominated chief ministers List of Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh. Excluding Kasu Brahmananda Reddy term (7 years), average tenure of a chief minister was less than two years. The cumulative growth during this 30-year period for Indian economy is 311%, and for Andhra Pradesh it was 138%.

Economic changes during the 1980s

An academic study of Andhra's economic activity using official data collected by the state government of Andhra Pradesh, Govt of India and World Bank reveal the following highlights.

  1. A Domestic Demand – Supply based economic policy instead of exports oriented policies during this pre-liberalization period resulted in Constant Currency (inflation adjusted) cumulative growth rates of 151% in seven years, one and half times higher than the cumulative growth rate of the 30 years earlier, and 25% higher than the cumulative growth rates of 20 years that followed.&91;25&93;
  2. Education reforms, local government empowerment, irrigation and electricity improvements, corruption controls of this period resulted in cumulative per capita income growth rates (corrected to inflation and population growth) ten times the growth rates for the first 30 years and three times the rates of the 20 years that followed. On average a typical Andhra resident was 3000% more productive in improving his/her economic condition than in the 30 years earlier and 450% more productive than the 20 years that followed.
  3. Distributional and social indicators (rural education 51%, child labor (−60%), malnutrition (−81%), infant mortality (−37%), female education (77%)) improved at rates that are yet to be repeated.&91;26&93;
  4. Fiscal Management Indices (deficit,foreign debt, debt servicing levels etc.) were at their best levels compared to the era the followed when central government allowed higher deficit targets and allowed foreign borrowing directly from world bank as a part of the liberalisation regime.

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Andhra Pradesh Budget Analysis 2016-17|url=https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/budget_files/Andhra%20Pradesh%20Budget%20Analysis%202016-17_0.pdf|website=PRS Legislative Research|accessdate=19 November 2016}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Andhra Pradesh Budget Analysis 2018-19|url=https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/budget_files/Andhra%20Pradesh%20Budget%20Analysis%202018-19.pdf|website=PRS Legislative Research|accessdate=17 March 2018}}
3. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/SOCIO-ECONOMIC-SURVEY-2016-17.pdf|title=Socio-economic Survey of Andhra Pradesh|last=|first=|date=|website=|access-date=}}
4. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/A.P.-Telangana-top-in-ease-of-doing-business/article16086728.ece|title=A.P., Telangana top in ease of doing business|last=S|first=Arun|date=2016-10-31|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-04|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Indian states by GDP|url=http://statisticstimes.com/economy/gdp-of-indian-states.php|website=Statistics Times|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
6. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Economy|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/4_AP_Economy.pdf|publisher=AP state portal|accessdate=21 June 2014|format=PDF|pages=64–65, 92}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=Statement : Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices|url=http://mospi.nic.in/6_gsdp_cur_9394ser.htm|website=Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation|publisher=National Informatics Centre|accessdate=21 February 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231836/http://mospi.nic.in/6_gsdp_cur_9394ser.htm|archivedate=3 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=Indian states by GDP per capita|url=http://statisticstimes.com/economy/gdp-capita-of-indian-states.php|accessdate=21 February 2016}}
9. ^2015 agricultural output of Andhra Pradesh based on 2011 prices
10. ^AP top producer of shrimp: MPEDA - The Hindu
11. ^{{cite web|author1=M.A.Mannan|title=Fishing for a fortune|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/farmers-turn-away-from-agriculture-to-fish-farming-in-andhra-pradesh/1/307343.html|publisher=The India Today Group|accessdate=16 July 2014|location=Krishna, West Godavari and Nellore|date=3 January 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Waterbase India| url=http://www.waterbaseindia.com/|publisher=waterbaseindia| accessdate=18 July 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Vannamei Hatcheries |url=http://www.caa.gov.in/ |publisher=Coastal Aquaculture Authority |accessdate=16 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140603143059/http://www.caa.gov.in/ |archivedate=3 June 2014 |df=dmy }}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155019|title=Statewise Length of Railway Lines and Survey For New Railway Lines|website=pib.nic.in|access-date=2018-01-04}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://apedb.gov.in/infrastrctr.html|title=Rail-Key Highlights}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/need-for-speed-rly-board-looks-at-2-more-bullet-train-corridors/articleshow/59746546.cms|title=Bullet Train Corridors|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=148794|title=Diamond Quadrilateral|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=Statement showing category-wise No.of stations|url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf|website=South Central Railway|accessdate=23 April 2017|format=PDF}}
19. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/vizag-billed-the-cleanest-rail-station/article18478254.ece|title=Vizag billed the cleanest rail station|date=2017-05-18|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-01-04|others=Special Correspondent|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
20. ^{{cite news|last1=BHATTACHARJEE|first1=SUMIT|title=Hidden 100 - 58 tunnels. 84 bridges. Welcome to Araku Valley|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/hidden-100-58-tunnels-84-bridges-welcome-to-araku-valley/article2594651.ece|accessdate=23 April 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}
21. ^1 {{cite web|title=Industrial & Fertilizer minerals|url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/gsiDoc/pub/peer_reviewed_base_document_com_iv.pdf|website=Geological Survey of India portal|publisher=CGPB Committee-IV|pages=17–44|format=PDF|accessdate=2014-06-09}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Krishna Godavari Basin: Oil & Gas Resource|url=http://www.kgbasin.in/|publisher=kgbasin.in|accessdate=7 June 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619002749/http://www.kgbasin.in/|archivedate=19 June 2014|df=dmy-all}}
23. ^{{cite web|title=APGENCO projects|url=http://www.apgenco.gov.in/administrator/uploadedfiles/528.pdf|publisher=Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation|accessdate=3 June 2014}}
24. ^1 {{cite web|title=Industry, Infrastructure and Employment (White Paper), July 2014 - Tourism Sector|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/White%20Paper%20Industries%20final%20released.pdf|publisher=AP State Portal|accessdate=14 July 2014|pages=13–14|format=PDF|date=July 2014}}
25. ^1. Mahendra S & Ravi, C, "Macroeconomic Scene: performance & Policies,Economic & Political Weekly, 22–29 March 2003, Pp. 1143–1157.
26. ^Since 2003, Children's Care International operates the Rainbow Centre in Andhra Pradesh for rehabiliting child slaves, and has also turned attention to increasing fairtrade markets.
{{Andhra Pradesh}}{{Economy of India topics}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Economy Of Andhra Pradesh}}

1 : Economy of Andhra Pradesh
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