| 词条 | Election boycott | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
An election boycott is the boycotting of an election by a group of voters, each of whom abstains from voting. Boycotting may be used as a form of political protest where voters feel that electoral fraud is likely, or that the electoral system is biased against its candidates, that the polity organizing the election lacks legitimacy, or that the candidates running are very unpopular. In jurisdictions with compulsory voting, a boycott may amount to an act of civil disobedience; alternatively, supporters of the boycott may be able to cast blank votes or vote for "none of the above". Boycotting voters may belong to a particular regional or ethnic group. A particular political party or candidate may refuse to run in the election and urges its supporters to boycott the vote. In the case of a referendum, a boycott may be used as a voting tactic by opponents of the proposition. If the referendum requires a minimum turnout to be valid, the boycott may prevent this quorum being reached. In general elections, individuals and parties will often boycott in order to protest the ruling party's policies with the hope that when voters do not show up the elections will be deemed illegitimate by outside observers.[1] This tactic, however, can prove disastrous for the boycotting parties. Lack of participation rarely nullifies election results and the distorted voting is likely to further detach boycotting groups from the organs of power, leaving them susceptible to political irrelevance.[1] Major instances of electoral boycotts
Boycott campaignsIn South Africa, the three largest independent social movements boycott the vote under the banner of the No Land! No House! No Vote! Campaign. Other social movements in other parts of the world also have similar campaigns or non-voting preferences. These include the Naxalites in India, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Mexico and various Anarchist oriented movements. In Mexico's mid term 2009 elections there was strong support for 'Nulo'—a campaign to vote for no one.[4][5][6] In India poor people's movements in Singur, Nandigram and Lalgarh have rejected parliamentary politics (as well as the NGO and Maoist alternatives).[7] See also
References
1. ^1 Frankel, Matthew. "Election Boycotts Don't Work" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613231236/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/1103_afghanistan_frankel.aspx |date=13 June 2010 }}, Brookings Institution, 3 November 2009. 2. ^in Montenegro 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/les-bases-de-podem-catalunya-donen-suport-al-referendum-de-l1-doctubre-pero-no-el-veuen-vinculant/|title=Les bases de Podem Catalunya donen suport al referèndum de l’1 d’octubre però no el veuen vinculant|website=VilaWeb.cat|language=ca|access-date=2017-09-25}} 4. ^{{cite news |author=Marc Lacey |date=21 June 2009 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/21/world/americas/21mexico.html |newspaper=The New York Times|title=Disgruntled Mexicans Plan an Election Message to Politicians: We Prefer Nobody |page=A8}} 5. ^Vota en Blanco 6. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.narconews.com/Issue57/article3561.html |title=Representative Democracy versus Participatory Democracy |author=Nancy Davies |publisher=The Narco News Bulletin |date=21 June 2009}} 7. ^{{cite news |author=Avijit Ghosh |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-21/special-report/28181141_1_lalgarh-battle-police-maoists-breed |title=No revolution for old radicals |newspaper=The Times of India |date=21 June 2009}}
2 : Boycotts|Elections |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。