| 词条 | Ingush people |
| 释义 |
|group=Ingush ГIалгIай (Ghalghaj) |image = Амерхановы.JPG |population = 700,000 [1] |region1 = {{flag|Russia}} |pop1 = 444,833 |ref1 = [2] |region2 = {{flag|Ingushetia}} |pop2 = 415,537 |ref2 = |region3 = {{flag|Chechnya}} |pop3 = 1,296 |ref3 = |region4 = {{flag|North Ossetia-Alania}} |pop4 = 8,336 |ref4 = |region5 = {{flag|Kazakhstan}} |pop5 = 16,893 |ref5 = |region6 = {{flag|Ukraine}} |pop6 = 455 |ref6 = |rels = Predominantly Sunni Islam (Shafii Madhhab) |langs = Ingush, Russian |related =Chechens, Bats, Kists and other Northeast Caucasian peoples }} The Ingush ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|ŋ|g|ʊ|ʃ}}, {{lang-inh|ГIалгIай}}, {{transl|inh|Ghalghaj}}, pronounced {{IPA-cau|ˈʁəlʁɑj|}}) are a Northeast Caucasian native ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting their native Ingushetia, a federal republic of Russian Federation. The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language, a Northeast Caucasian language that is closely related to Chechen; the two form a dialect continuum.[3] The Ingush and Chechen peoples are collectively known as the Nakh peoples, although the genetics of Ingush and the Chechen indicate a split about 13,000-17,000 Ybp.[4][5] History{{Main|Ingushetia}}Caucas is the legendary ancestor of the Vainakh (Chechen-Ingush). Their name in Georgian is Ghlivi/Ghlighvi. The ancient Greek author Strabo spoke about the Gargars, while American cartographer Joseph Hutchins Colton labeled the people as Gelians. The Ingush came under Russian rule in 1810, but under Soviet rule during World War II they were suspected of collaborating with the Nazis and thus, the entire population was deported to the Kazakh and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republics. The Ingush were rehabilitated in the 1950s, after the death of Joseph Stalin, and allowed to return home in 1957, though by that time western Ingush lands had been ceded to North Ossetia. CultureThe Ingush possess a varied culture of traditions, legends, epics, tales, songs, proverbs, and sayings. Music, songs and dance are particularly highly regarded. Popular musical instruments include the dachick-panderr (a kind of balalaika), kekhat ponder (accordion, generally played by girls), mirz ponder (a three-stringed violin), zurna (a type of oboe), tambourine, and drums. ReligionThe Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims of the Shāfi‘ī Madh'hab, although a Sufi minority exists.[6] Ingush genetics{{see|Vainakh#Genetics|Genetic history of the Caucasus}}{{Pull quote|text=The Caucasus populations exhibit, on average, less variability than other populations for the eight Alu insertion poly-morphisms analysed here. The average heterozygosity is less than that for any other region of the world, with the exception of Sahul. Within the Caucasus, Ingushians have much lower levels of variability than any of the other populations. The Ingushians also showed unusual patterns of mtDNA variation when compared with other Caucasus populations (Nasidze and Stoneking, submitted), which indicates that some feature of the Ingushian population history, or of this particular sample of Ingushians, must be responsible for their different patterns of genetic variation at both mtDNA and the Alu insertion loci.[7][8]|source=European Journal of Human Genetics, 2001}}According to one test by Nasidze in 2003 (analyzed further in 2004), the Y-chromosome structure of the Ingush greatly resembled that of neighboring Caucasian populations (especially Chechens, their linguistic and cultural brethren).[9][10] There has been only one notable study on the Ingush Y chromosome. These following statistics should not be regarded as final, as Nasidze's test had a notably low sample data for the Ingush. However, they do give an idea of the main haplogroups of the Ingush.
In the mtDNA, the Ingush formed a more clearly distinct population, with distance from other populations. The closest in an analysis by Nasidze were Chechens, Kabardins and Adyghe (Circassians), but these were all much closer to other populations than they were to the Ingush.[10] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://magas.su/tera/chislo-rodivshikhsya-ingushetii-pochti-408-prevysilo-chislo-umershikh|title=Число родившихся в Ингушетии почти на 408% превысило число умерших - magas.su|website=magas.su}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls |title=Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity |date= |accessdate=2013-04-16 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424000000/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls |archivedate=2012-04-24 |df= }} 3. ^Nichols, J. and Vagapov, A. D. (2004). Chechen-English and English-Chechen Dictionary, p. 4. RoutledgeCurzon. {{ISBN|0-415-31594-8}}. 4. ^Arutiunov, Sergei. (1996). "Ethnicity and Conflict in the Caucasus". Slavic Research Center 5. ^1 Oleg Balanovsky, Khadizhat Dibirova, Anna Dybo, Oleg Mudrak, Svetlana Frolova, Elvira Pocheshkhova, Marc Haber, Daniel Platt, Theodore Schurr, Wolfgang Haak, Marina Kuznetsova, Magomed Radzhabov, Olga Balaganskaya, Alexey Romanov, Tatiana Zakharova, David F. Soria Hernanz, Pierre Zalloua, Sergey Koshel, Merritt Ruhlen, Colin Renfrew, R. Spencer Wells, Chris Tyler-Smith, Elena Balanovska, and The Genographic Consortium Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region Mol. Biol. Evol. 2011 : msr126v1-msr126. 6. ^{{cite book |author1=Stefano Allievi |author2=Jørgen S. Nielsen |title=Muslim networks and transnational communities in and across Europe |volume=1 |year=2003}} 7. ^{{cite journal |author=Ivane Nasidze|year=2001 |title=Alu insertion polymorphisms and the genetic structure of human populations from the Caucasus |journal=European Journal of Human Genetics |volume=9 |pages=267–272 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200615 |pmid=11313770 |issue=4|display-authors=etal}} 8. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v9/n4/pdf/5200615a.pdf|title=Alu insertion polymorphisms and the genetic structure of human populations from the Caucasus| volume=9|issue=4|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200615|pmid=11313770|date=April 2001|journal=Eur. J. Hum. Genet.|pages=267–72 | last1 = Nasidze | first1 = I | last2 = Risch | first2 = GM | last3 = Robichaux | first3 = M | last4 = Sherry | first4 = ST | last5 = Batzer | first5 = MA | last6 = Stoneking | first6 = M}} 9. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Nasidze I, Sarkisian T, Kerimov A, Stoneking M |title=Testing hypotheses of language replacement in the Caucasus: evidence from the Y-chromosome |journal=Human Genetics |volume=112 |issue=3 |pages=255–61 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12596050 |doi=10.1007/s00439-002-0874-4 |url=http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/Nasidze_2003.pdf}} 10. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last1=Nasidze |first1=I. |last2=Ling |first2=E. Y. S. |last3=Quinque |first3=D. |display-authors=etal |year=2004 |title=Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus |url=http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Caucasus_big_paper.pdf |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |volume=68 |issue= 3|pages=205–221 |doi=10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.00092.x |pmid=15180701 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608081424/http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Caucasus_big_paper.pdf |archivedate=2011-06-08 |df= }} External links{{commons category}}
9 : Peoples of the Caucasus|Ingushetia|Nakh peoples|Ethnic groups in Russia|Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan|Ethnic groups in Turkey|Ethnic groups in Iraq|Muslim communities of Russia|Ingush people |
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