| 词条 | Injury |
| 释义 |
| name = Injury | synonyms = | image = Xraymachine.JPG | alt = | caption = The knee of a person is examined with the help of radiography after an injury. | pronounce = | field = | symptoms = | complications = | onset = | duration = | types = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = | deaths = }} Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external force.[1] This may be caused by accidents, falls, hits, weapons, and other causes.[1] Major trauma is injury that has the potential to cause prolonged disability or death. In 2013, 4.8 million people world-wide died from injuries, up from 4.3 million in 1990.[3] More than 30% of these deaths were transport-related injuries.[3] In 2013, 367,000 children under the age of five died from injuries, down from 766,000 in 1990.[2] Injuries are the cause of 9% of all deaths, and are the sixth-leading cause of death in the world.[3][4] ClassificationThe World Health Organization (WHO) developed the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI). Under this system, injuries are classified by:
and additional modules. These codes allow the identification of distributions of injuries in specific populations and case identification for more detailed research on causes and preventive efforts.[5][6] The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics developed the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS). Under this system injuries are classified by
The OIICS was first published in 1992 and has been updated several times since.[7] The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) is used to classify injuries to enable research into specific sports injuries.[8] By cause
By modality
By location
By activity
Injury severity scoreThe injury severity score (ISS) is a medical score to assess trauma severity.[10][11] It correlates with mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization time after trauma. It is used to define the term major trauma (polytrauma), recognized when the ISS is greater than 15.[11] The AIS Committee of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine designed and updates the scale. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/woundsandinjuries.html |title=Wounds and Injuries: MedlinePlus |publisher=Nlm.nih.gov |accessdate=2015-07-20}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|pmc=4340604|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=The top 10 causes of death|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index2.html|accessdate=24 May 2015}} 4. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=Stein DM, Santucci RA |title=An update on urotrauma|journal=Current Opinion in Urology|volume=25|issue=4|pages=323–30|date=July 2015|pmid=26049876|doi=10.1097/MOU.0000000000000184}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/adaptations/iceci/en/ |title=International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI) |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=2014-03-24}} 6. ^Robertson, LS (2015) Injury Epidemiology: Fourth Edition. Free online at www.nanlee.net 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://wwwn.cdc.gov/wisards/oiics/ |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |title=Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System |accessdate=2014-03-24}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Rae|first1=K|last2=Orchard|first2=J|title=The Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) version 10|journal=Clin J Sport Med.|date=May 2007|volume=17|issue=3|pages=201–04|pmid=17513912|doi=10.1097/jsm.0b013e318059b536|url=http://raco.cat/index.php/Apunts/article/view/119817}} 9. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=Trauma|encyclopedia=Dictionary.com|year=2010|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/trauma|accessdate=2010-10-31}} 10. ^{{cite journal |vauthors = Baker SP, O'Neill B, Haddon W, Long WB | title = The Injury Severity Score: a method for describing patients with multiple injuries and evaluating emergency care | journal = The Journal of Trauma | volume = 14 | pages = 187–96 | year = 1974 | pmid = 4814394 | issue = 3 | doi=10.1097/00005373-197403000-00001}} 11. ^1 {{cite journal | last = Copes | first = W.S. |author2=H.R. Champion |author3=W.J. Sacco |author4=M.M. Lawnick |author5=S.L. Keast |author6=L.W. Bain | title = The Injury Severity Score revisited | journal = The Journal of Trauma | volume = 28 | issue =1 | pages = 69–77 | year = 1988 | doi = 10.1097/00005373-198801000-00010 | pmid = 3123707}} External links{{Medical resources| DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = {{ICD10|S00}}{ICD10|T88}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|800}{{ICD9|999}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | MeSH =D014947 | GeneReviewsNBK = | GeneReviewsName = }}{{commons|Wounds}}{{wikiquote}}
7 : Injuries|Medical emergencies|Traumatology|Causes of death|Acute pain|Trauma types|Adverse childhood experiences |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。