| 词条 | Elworthy Barrows |
| 释义 |
| name =Elworthy Barrows | native_name = | native_language = | image =Elworthy Barrows Somerset Map.jpg | caption =Plan of Elworthy Barrows | locmapin =Somerset | coordinates = {{coord|51|05|44|N|3|19|43|W|display=inline,title}} | location =Brompton Ralph, Somerset, England. | area = | built =Iron Age | architect = | architecture = | governing_body = | designation1 =Scheduled Ancient Monument | designation1_offname = | designation1_date = | designation1_number =188401[1] | designation2 = | designation2_offname = | designation2_date = | designation2_number = }}Elworthy Barrows is an unfinished Iron Age hill fort, rather than Bronze Age barrows,[1] which is designated a scheduled ancient monument (No:188401).[2][3] It is located in the civil parish of Brompton Ralph near Wiveliscombe, Somerset, England. It covers an area of {{convert|3.5|ha}} and is surrounded by a bank and ditch.[4] Background{{further information|Hill fort}}Hill forts developed in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age, roughly the start of the first millennium BC.[5] The reason for their emergence in Britain, and their purpose, has been a subject of debate. It has been argued that they could have been military sites constructed in response to invasion from continental Europe, sites built by invaders, or a military reaction to social tensions caused by an increasing population and consequent pressure on agriculture. The dominant view since the 1960s has been that the increasing use of iron led to social changes in Britain. Deposits of iron ore were located in different places to the tin and copper ore necessary to make bronze, and as a result trading patterns shifted and the old elites lost their economic and social status. Power passed into the hands of a new group of people.[6] Archaeologist Barry Cunliffe believes that population increase still played a role and has stated "[the forts] provided defensive possibilities for the community at those times when the stress [of an increasing population] burst out into open warfare. But I wouldn't see them as having been built because there was a state of war. They would be functional as defensive strongholds when there were tensions and undoubtedly some of them were attacked and destroyed, but this was not the only, or even the most significant, factor in their construction".[7] ConstructionThe hill fort is oval and 2.9 hectares in area.[8] It was enclosed in the 1830s and laid to pasture and last ploughed around 1943.[9] A polished stone axe was found at the site.[10] World War IIDuring World War II searchlights were installed at the site,[11][12] and in 1996 it was evaluated before the construction of a new communications mast.[13] See also
References1. ^Barrow, "Hllforts and hilltops 1000BC - 1000AD" in Aston and Burrow, The Archaeology of Somerset (1982) 2. ^1 {{PastScape|mname=Elworthy Barrows Hillfort |mnumber=188401 |accessdate=23 March 2011 }} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/33351|title=Elworthy Barrows hillfort, Brompton Ralph|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=9 March 2010}} 4. ^{{NHLE|desc=Elworthy Barrows hillfort|num=1020724|accessdate=28 February 2015}} 5. ^{{citation |first1=Andrew |last1=Payne |first2=Mark |last2=Corney |first3=Barry |last3=Cunliffe |title=The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive Survey of Hillfort Interiors in Central Southern England |publisher=English Heritage |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-873592-85-4 |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.10744 | page=1}} 6. ^{{citation |last=Sharples |first=Niall M |title=English Heritage Book of Maiden Castle |publisher=B. T. Batsford |year=1991 |location=London |isbn=0-7134-6083-0 | pages=71–72}} 7. ^{{citation |url=http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/timeteam/2008/swords/swords-found.html |title=Time Team: Swords, skulls and strongholds |publisher=Channel 4 |date=2008-05-19 |accessdate=16 September 2009}} 8. ^Adkins, A Field Guide to Somerset Archaeology, 1992 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://digitaldigging.co.uk/maps/hillforts/somerset/hill-forts-somerset-elworthy-barrows-hillfort.html|title=Elworthy Barrows Hillfort|publisher=Digital Digging|accessdate=17 October 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003082458/http://digitaldigging.co.uk/maps/hillforts/somerset/hill-forts-somerset-elworthy-barrows-hillfort.html|archivedate=3 October 2010|df=}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/22548|title=Neolithic axe find, Elworthy Barrows, Brompton Ralph|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=9 March 2010}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/21829|title=Searchlight site (Elworthy Barrows), E of Holcombe Water Cottage, Brompton Ralph|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=9 March 2010}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/21830|title=Searchlight site (Elworthy Barrows), S of Old Holcombe Water Farm, Brompton Ralph|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=9 March 2010}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetheritage.org.uk/record/15609|title=Evaluation (1996), Elworthy Barrows hillfort, Brompton Ralph|work=Somerset Historic Environment Record|publisher=Somerset County Council|accessdate=9 March 2010}} 3 : Hill forts in Somerset|Iron Age sites in Somerset|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in West Somerset |
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