| 词条 | Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act |
| 释义 |
| shorttitle = Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 | longtitle = An Act to reform the intelligence community and the intelligence and intelligence-related activities of the United States Government, and for other purposes. | acronym = IRTPA | nickname = | enacted by = 108th | effective date = December 17, 2004 | public law url = http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-118/pdf/STATUTE-118-Pg3638.pdf | cite public law = 108-458 | cite statutes at large = {{usstat|118|3638}} | acts amended = | acts repealed = | title amended = 50 U.S.C.: War and National Defense | sections created = | sections amended = {{Usc-title-chap|50|15}} § 401 et seq. | leghisturl = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d108:SN02845:@@@X | introducedin = Senate | introducedbill = {{USBill|108|S.|2845}} | introducedby = Susan M. Collins (R–ME) | introduceddate = September 23, 2004 | committees = Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Committee on Armed Services, Committee on Financial Services, Committee on Government Reform, Committee on the Judiciary | passedbody1 = Senate | passeddate1 = October 6, 2004 | passedvote1 = 96–2 {{US Senate Vote|108|2|199}} | passedbody2 = House | passedas2 = | passeddate2 = October 16, 2004 | passedvote2 = passed/agreed | conferencedate = December 7, 2004 | passedbody3 = | passeddate3 = | passedvote3 = | agreedbody3 = House | agreeddate3 = December 7, 2004 | agreedvote3 = 336–75 {{US House Vote|2004|544}} | agreedbody4 = Senate | agreeddate4 = December 8, 2004 | agreedvote4 = 89–2 {{US Senate Vote|108|2|216}} | passedbody4 = | passeddate4 = | passedvote4 = | signedpresident = George W. Bush | signeddate = December 17, 2004 | unsignedpresident = | unsigneddate = | vetoedpresident = | vetoeddate = | overriddenbody1 = | overriddendate1 = | overriddenvote1 = | overriddenbody2 = | overriddendate2 = | overriddenvote2 = | amendments = | SCOTUS cases = }} The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (IRTPA) is a 235-page Act of Congress, signed by President George W. Bush, that broadly affects United States federal terrorism laws. The act comprises several separate titles with varying subject issues. It was enacted in response to the terror attacks of September 11, 2001. History{{USBill|108|s|2845}} was introduced by U.S. Senator Susan M. Collins of Maine. The Senate approved the bill, 96–2, the House approved the bill, 336–75, and President George W. Bush signed the Act on December 17, 2004, making it law.[1] The Electronic Frontier Foundation objected to Act's potential effects on civil liberties.[2]OverviewThis act established both the position of Director of National Intelligence (DNI), the National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. The IRTPA requires the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to take over the conducting of pre-flight comparisons of airline passenger information to Federal Government watch lists for international and domestic flights. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) developed the Secure Flight program and issued rulemaking to implement this congressional mandate. Airline personnel will have the right to demand government-issued ID be shown if ordered by the TSA to do so, but those orders are to remain confidential, so there is no oversight as to when the airline has been ordered to request ID and when they are requesting it on their own imperative.[3] OrganizationThe act is formally divided into eight titles:
Title I: National Security Intelligence Reform Act of 2004The first title, titled "Reform of the intelligence community" and given the short title of the National Security Intelligence Reform Act of 2004, is formally divided into 9 subtitles:
Title II: Federal Bureau of InvestigationThe second title, simply titled "Federal Bureau of Investigation", concerns intelligence within the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Title III: Security clearancesThe third title, simply titled "Security clearances", deals with security clearances. Title IV: Transportation securityThe fourth title, simply titled "Transportation security", is formally divided into 5 subtitles:
Title V: Border protection, immigration, and visa mattersThe fifth title, simply titled "Border protection, immigration, and visa matters", is formally divided into 5 subtitles:
Title VI: Terrorism preventionThe sixth title, simply titled "Terrorism prevention", is formally divided into 11 subtitles:
Title VII: 9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004The seventh title, titled "Implementation of 9/11 Commission recommendations" and given the short title of the 9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004, is formally divided into 8 subtitles:
The Act is notable{{Whom?|date=October 2010}} for §7213 which directs the Commissioner of Social Security to "restrict the issuance of multiple replacement social security cards to any individual to 3 per year and 10 for the life of the individual, except that the Commissioner may allow for reasonable exceptions from the limits under this paragraph on a case-by-case basis in compelling circumstances" because the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 added the {{USC|8|1324a(b)}} requirement for a social security account number card for employment.[4] Title VIII: Other mattersThe eighth title, simply titled "Other matters", is formally divided into 4 subtitles:
See also{{Portal|Terrorism}}
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=63745 |title=George W. Bush: "Statement on Signing the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2005," December 17, 2005 |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |publisher=University of California - Santa Barbara |work=The American Presidency Project}} 2. ^[https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2004/12/9-11-legislation-launches-misguided-data-mining-and-domestic-surveillance-schemes 9/11 Legislation Launches Misguided Data-Mining and Domestic Surveillance Schemes | Electronic Frontier Foundation]. Eff.org (2004-12-20). Retrieved on 2013-08-12. 3. ^http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/p102/484384.pdf{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 4. ^{{USC|8|1324a}}. "It is unlawful for a person or other entity ... to hire for employment in the United States an individual without ... an individual’s social security account number card ... or other documentation evidencing authorization of employment in the United States which the Attorney General finds, by regulation, to be acceptable ..." External links
3 : United States federal defense and national security legislation|108th United States Congress|2004 in law |
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