| 词条 | Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = His Grace | name = The Duke of Gordon | honorific-suffix = KG PC | image =4thDukeOfGordonOl.png | imagesize = 200px |caption = The 4th Duke of Gordon |birth_name = |birth_date= {{Birth date|df=y|1743|06|18}} |death_date= {{Death date and age|df=y|1827|06|17|1743|06|18}} |birth_place = Gordon Castle, Fochabers, Kingdom of Great Britain |death_place = Berkeley Square, London, England of Great Britain and Ireland]] |death_cause = |body_discovered = |resting_place = |resting_place_coordinates = |title = |tenure = |other_titles = |residence = |nationality = Scottish |locality = |other_names = |wars_and_battles = |offices = Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland (1794 to 1806, 1807 to 1827) |networth = |known_for = Nobleman |years_active = |predecessor = Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon |heir = |successor = George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon |spouse = Jane Maxwell |issue = George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon |parents = Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon Lady Catherine Gordon |occupation = |signature = |footnotes = |misc = }} Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon, KT (18 June 1743 – 17 June 1827), styled Marquess of Huntly until 1752, was a Scottish nobleman, described by Kaimes as the "greatest subject in Britain", and was also known as the Cock o' the North, the traditional epithet attached to the chief of the Gordon clan. Early lifeAlexander Gordon was born at Gordon Castle, Fochabers, on 18 June 1743, the eldest son of Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon, and his wife, Lady Catherine Gordon, daughter of the 2nd Earl of Aberdeen. He was educated at Eton and also possibly at Harrow. He succeeded as 4th Duke of Gordon in 1752. His younger brother was Lord George Gordon who led the Gordon riots. He was elected as a Scottish representative peer in 1767. He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1775 and was created a Peer of Great Britain as Baron Gordon of Huntley, of Huntley in the County of Gloucester, and Earl of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, in 1784. His new titles were not universally popular. He was thought to have taken designations to which he had no right. The Scots Peerage described the Gordon of Huntley peerage as "an absurd specimen of Peerage topography. The village of Huntley, four miles from Newent in Gloucestershire, had apparently no connection with the Gordon family or with the town of Huntly in North Britain."[1] George Edward Cokayne in The Complete Peerage says the following with regard to the Duke's choice of Norwich for his Earldom: "His great-grandmother was the daughter of the 5th Duke of Norfolk and 1st Earl of Norwich, but though that title had become extinct in 1777, the representation thereof did not vest in the issue of that lady."[2] He was Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland from 1794 to 1806 and from 1807 to 1827. Between 1793 and 1827, he was Chancellor of King's College, Aberdeen. In addition, he was Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire until 1808. He received the Order of the Thistle from King George III on 11 January 1775. The Dictionary of National Biography described him thus: "At the time of his marriage the Duke was reputed one of the handsomest men of his day." He raised the 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot in 1794 for the French Revolutionary Wars. He was responsible for establishing the new village of Fochabers as well as those of Tomintoul and Portgordon in Banffshire. He is also credited as the founder of the Gordon Setter breed of dog, having popularised a 200-year-old breed during the 18th century and then formalised its breed standard in 1820. He was an enthusiastic supporter and patron of the music of William Marshall (1748–1833), a Scottish fiddler and composer, and famous for his many strathspeys, who acted as steward of the Gordon household.[3] Marriage and familyGordon married firstly on 23 October 1767 at Ayton, Scottish Borders and again at Mr. Fordyce's house in Argyll Street, Edinburgh, Jane, the daughter of Sir William Maxwell, 3rd Baronet of Monreith, by his wife, Magdalen, daughter of William Blair, of Blair, Ayrshire. Jane was described by the diarist Sir Nathaniel Wraxall as a celebrated beauty. From 1787 she was part of the social centre of the Tory party and was described in the Female Jockey Club of 1794 as possessing "an open ruddy countenance, quick in repartée, and no one excelling her in performing the honours of the table, her society is generally courted". It went on to say that
She resided for some years in Edinburgh, but eventually refused to renew her residence at George Square, Edinburgh, because it was "a vile dull place". The Hon. Henry Erskine is said to have written the following lines to her:[4]
The Duke and Duchess's marriage was tempestuous from the start and neither made any particular effort to be faithful to the other. For some years before her death she was bitterly estranged from the Duke. While the Duchess circulated at the centre of society, the Duke lived in retirement at Gordon Castle. Elizabeth Grant mentions "The great width of the Spey, the bridge at Fochabers, and the peep of the towers of Gordon Castle from amongst the cluster of trees that concealed the rest of the building....the Duke lived very disreputably in this solitude, for he was very little noticed, and, I believe, preferred seclusion."[5] The Duchess is best remembered for placing the King's shilling between her teeth to help recruitment to the Gordon Highlanders which were founded by her husband. However, she also possessed a capacity for match-making which was unrivalled. Of her five daughters, three were married to Dukes, (Richmond, Manchester and Bedford) and one to a Marquess (Cornwallis). The Duchess of Gordon died at Pulteney's Hotel, Piccadilly, Middlesex, on 14 April 1812 and was buried at her beloved Kinrara near Aviemore. After her death Alexander married at the Kirk of Fochabers (probably Bellie) in July 1820, Jane [or Jean] Christie, who was a native of Fochabers and was then aged about 40. Alexander had previously had four children by her. After their marriage she lived in great style, not at the castle, but at a town house in Fochabers. She claimed that by residing at the Castle, which the Duke had rebuilt and enlarged considerably, none of his friends would visit him. One of the Duke's illegitimate sons, Colonel Charles Gordon, was given the property of Glasterim near Port Gordon. Curiously, Colonel Gordon had been a great favourite with the late Duchess. Elizabeth Grant described Colonel Gordon as "much beloved by Lord Huntly, whom he exceedingly resembled, and so might have done better for himself and all belonging to him, had not the Gordon brains been of the lightest with him."[6] Jane died on 17 June 1824. The Duke himself died suddenly at Mount Street, Berkeley Square, on 17 June 1827, and was buried in Elgin Cathedral. He was succeeded by his son George Gordon, 5th Duke of Gordon. Legitimate issueThe Duke had a total of seven children by his first wife:
In popular cultureGordon has twice been depicted incorrectly as fighting at the Battle of Waterloo: in the 1970 film Waterloo, where he was played by Rupert Davies, and the Dad's Army episode A Soldier's Farewell, where he was played by John Laurie. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon |2= 2. Cosmo Gordon, 3rd Duke of Gordon |3= 3. Lady Catherine Gordon |4= 4. Alexander Gordon, 2nd Duke of Gordon |5= 5. Lady Henrietta Mordaunt |6= 6. William Gordon, 2nd Earl of Aberdeen |7= 7. Lady Susan Murray |8= 8. George Gordon, 1st Duke of Gordon |9= 9. Lady Elizabeth Howard |10= 10. Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough |11= 11. Carey Fraser |12= 12. George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen |13= 13. Anne Lockhart |14= 14. John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl |15= 15. Lady Catherine Hamilton |16= 16. Lewis Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Huntly |17= 17. Mary Grant |18= 18. Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk |19= 19. Lady Anne Somerset |20= 20. John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt |21= 21. Elizabeth Carey |22= 22. Sir Alexander Fraser, 1st Baronet |23= 23. Mary Carey |24= 24. Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet |25= 25. Mary Forbes |26= 26. George Lockhart |27= 27. Anne Lockhart |28= 28. John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl |29= 29. Lady Amelia Stanley |30= 30. William Douglas, 1st Earl of Selkirk |31= 31. Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton }} References{{Commons category|Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon}}{{Commons category|Jane, Duchess of Gordon}}1. ^Quoted in The Complete Peerage Volume VI, p.5, footnote b. 2. ^The Complete Peerage Volume VI, p.5, footnote c. 3. ^The Fiddler's Companion 4. ^{{cite book|title=The Poetical Epitome; Or, Elegant Extracts [in Poetry] Abridged from the Larger Volume [of V. Knox], Etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bKlXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA312|year=1807|pages=312–}} 5. ^Grant, Elizabeth. Memoirs of a Highland Lady. Edinburgh: Canongate, 1992. Volume I, p 125. 6. ^Grant, Elizabeth. Memoirs of a Highland Lady. Edinburgh: Canongate Books, 1992. Volume I, p 112. 7. ^Elizabeth Longford (Hastings, Max. The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes, Oxford University Press US, 1986, {{ISBN|0-19-520528-6}}, {{ISBN|978-0-19-520528-2}} page 194). 8. ^The Complete Peerage Volume VI, p.6 footnote a. External links
(descended by acceleration) | years=1784–1807}}{{s-reg|en}}{{succession box | title=Baron Mordaunt | before= Mary Mordaunt | after= George Gordon | years= 1819–1827 }}{{S-end}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Gordon, Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of}} 14 : 1743 births|1827 deaths|Burials at Elgin Cathedral|Dukes of Gordon|Earls of Norwich|Peers of Great Britain created by George III|Keepers of the Great Seal of Scotland|Knights of the Thistle|Lord-Lieutenants of Aberdeenshire|People from Moray|Scottish representative peers|Fellows of the Royal Society|Gordon Highlanders officers|People educated at Eton College |
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