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词条 Extreme weather events in Melbourne
释义

  1. List of weather events

  2. Highest and lowest temperatures

  3. References

Extreme weather events in Melbourne, Australia have occurred on multiple occasions. The city has experienced a number of highly unusual weather events and extremes of weather. An increase in heat waves and record breaking temperatures in the 21st century has led to much discussion over the effects of climate change in the country.[1][2]

List of weather events

  • 31 August 1849 – A snowstorm blankets Melbourne for the first and last time in history (with accumulation on the streets).[3]
  • 1863 – A major flood puts Port Melbourne underwater leaving thousands homeless across the city and drowning one man at Princes Bridge.[4]
  • 26 July 1882 – Snow falls for half an hour in Melbourne.[5]
  • 1882 – Elizabeth Street in Melbourne is flooded.
  • 1880 – The great flood causes the Yarra River to swell to {{convert|305|m|ft|0}} in width.[6] The most significant flood in Melbourne's recorded history, it forces thousands to vacate their homes and causes at least one death.
  • 1908 – A heatwave strikes Melbourne.[7][8]
  • 2 February 1918 – The Brighton tornado, an F3 class and the most intense tornado to hit a major Australian city, strikes the bayside suburb of Brighton.
  • 29 November to 1 December 1934 – Torrential rainfall of up to 350 mm causes the Yarra River to become a raging torrent. Extensive damage with 35 dead, 250 injured, and 3,000 homeless.[9][10][11][12]
  • 13 January 1939 – Melbourne experiences its second-hottest temperature on record, {{convert|45.6|°C|°F}}, during a four-day nationwide heat wave in which the Black Friday bushfires destroy townships that are now Melbourne suburbs.[13]
  • 1951 – A moderate cover of snow blankets the central business district (CBD) and suburbs.[14][15]
  • 3 December 1954 – Record rainfall causes flooding in Elwood and Flemington with homes evacuated. Train lines are closed by landslides, basement level shops are flooded, and events are cancelled.[16]
  • February 1972 – Elizabeth Street is flooded after a massive downpour of rain, with dramatic pictures of cars floating and underwater in the central city.[17][18]
  • 7 April 1977 – Laverton smashed by 12 hour thunderstorm and breaks several Victorian rainfall records including most rainfall; in 2 hours (105mm), in 3 hours (137mm) and in 4 hours (153mm).[19][20]
  • 8 February 1983 – The city is enveloped by a massive dust storm that "turned day into night".
  • 16 February 1983 – Melbourne is encircled by an arc of fire as the Ash Wednesday fires encroach on the city.
  • 18 September 1984 – Storm causes flooding of 100 homes in the eastern suburbs.[21]
  • December 1990 – Heatwave causes 4 deaths.[22]
  • 26 December 1999 – Flash flooding damages 300 homes with the worst effect on Broadmeadows.
  • December 2003 – Freak storms
  • February 2005 – Freak storms[23][24][25]
  • January 2009 – A heatwave results in a record three successive days over {{convert|43|°C|°F}}.[26] This is closely followed by Melbourne's hottest day on record on 7 February, when the temperature reaches {{convert|46.4|°C|°F}} in the CBD. This same heatwave triggers the Black Saturday bushfires, the worst in Australian history.[27]
  • 6 March 2010 – Storms pass directly over Melbourne bringing large hail, flash flooding and high winds, causing widespread damage across western and central Victoria, stopping all modes of transportation in Melbourne. CBD streets of Flinders, Spencer and Elizabeth are spectacularly flash flooded.
  • 4 February 2011 – Severe rainstorm causes flash flooding in parts of Melbourne.[28]
  • 10 November 2011 – Severe storm causes flash flooding in Croydon and Frankston.[29]
  • 25 December 2011 – Severe thunderstorms, large hailstones, flash flooding, and reports of tornadoes cause major damage to houses and vehicles in the worst-hit areas of Fiskville, Melton, Taylors Lakes, and Keilor Downs.[30]
  • 4–12 March 2013 – Melbourne faces a 10-day heatwave.[31]
  • 31 May 2013 – Melbourne faces heavy rain and thunderstorms; Melbourne Airport records 10mm of rain in 10 minutes just after 9 p.m.
  • 18 July 2013 – Melbourne records the highest July temperature ever, reaching {{Convert|23.3|°C|°F}}.
  • 14–17 January 2014 – Melbourne records four consecutive days of temperatures exceeding {{Convert|41|°C|°F}}, two of which exceed {{Convert|43|°C|°F}}.[32][33]
  • 21 November 2016 – Thunderstorm asthma kills 9 and hospitalises hundreds, high heat and humidity cause thunderstorms to form northwest of the city, due to excessive grass growth in the north and west of Melbourne these storms send pollen into Melbourne and its suburbs raising pollen counts and triggering thousands of severe asthma attacks. The massive number of attacks overloaded emergency services and contributed to the fatalities.[34][35][36]

Highest and lowest temperatures

Many of the hottest days recorded in Melbourne occurred during major heatwaves which precipitated large firestorms:

  • {{convert|47.2|C|abbr=on}} (Anecdotal) – 6 February 1851 (Black Thursday)[37]
  • {{convert|46.4|C|abbr=on}} – 7 February 2009 (Black Saturday)
  • {{convert|45.6|C|abbr=on}} – 13 January 1939 (Black Friday)

Melbourne's coldest temperature ever was {{convert|−2.8|C|abbr=on}} on 21 July 1869.[38]

{{clear}}

References

1. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/01/1062383507154.html|title=Melbourne: City of woes|date=2 September 2003|publisher=The Age|accessdate=2009-03-19}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Australia's 2014 summer breaks 156 heat records with climate change|url=http://indymedia.org.au/2014/03/10/australias-2014-summer-breaks-156-heat-records-with-climate-change|work=IndyMedia|accessdate=31 March 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM00360b.htm|title=Climate – Entry – eMelbourne – The Encyclopedia of Melbourne Online|work=emelbourne.net.au}}
4. ^The Argus. 28 December 1863
5. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11547887 |title=The Weather. Snow Storms. |newspaper=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1956) |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=27 July 1882 |accessdate=13 January 2016 |page=9 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/01/1062383507154.html?from=storyrhs|title=Melbourne: City of woes|work=theage.com.au}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/melbourne-faces-worst-hot-spell-in-100-years-20090126-7q0c.html|title=Melbourne faces worst hot spell in 100 years|work=The Age}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=u2YRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=H8QDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4920,5017147&dq=1908+heatwave+melbourne|title=The Age – Google News Archive Search|work=google.com}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/flood4.html|archive-url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/flood4.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2009-03-17|title=BOM – Australian Climate Extremes-Flood|author=National Climate Centre|work=nla.gov.au}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/66475a04402e478bca256d3300057e6d?OpenDocument |title=Southern Vic: Floods (incl Yarra River) |publisher=Ema.gov.au |date=25 July 2003 |accessdate=5 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527184516/http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/c85916e930b93d50ca256d050020cb1f/66475a04402e478bca256d3300057e6d?OpenDocument |archivedate=27 May 2012 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/is-this-our-gift-to-future-generations/2006/05/27/1148524934204.html|title=Is this our gift to future generations?|work=theage.com.au}}
12. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uIsTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oJUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7008,3019476&dq=1934+storms+melbourne On the edge of a cyclone]
13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/01/24/1042911549401.html|title=Record heat and stupidity as Melbourne swelters|date=25 January 2003|publisher=The Age|accessdate=2009-03-19}}
14. ^{{Citation| url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/environ/snow.shtml | title=Low-level Snow | publisher=Bureau of Meteorology | accessdate=2010-11-28|archiveurl=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/96122/20090317-1643/www.bom.gov.au/lam/climate/levelthree/c20thc/temp4.html|archivedate=17 March 2009}}
15. ^{{Citation| url=http://www.burwoodbulletin.org/archives/articles82.html | title=The day it snowed in Burwood | publisher=Burwood Bulletin | accessdate=2010-11-28}}
16. ^{{cite news |url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article205732412|title = Heaviest Deluge in City's History|newspaper = The Age (Melbourne, Vic. : 1854 – 1954)|location = Melbourne, Vic.|date = 4 December 1954|accessdate = 30 October 2015|page = 1|publisher = National Library of Australia}}
17. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/01/1062383507154.html | location=Melbourne | work=The Age | title=Melbourne: City of woes | date=2 September 2003}}
18. ^{{Citation| url=http://www.tramway.org.au/reflections.php?p=melbourne_awash | work=TMSV Running Journal | title=Melbourne Awash!! | accessdate=2010-11-28}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/water/designRainfalls/rainfallEvents/ausRecordRainfall.shtml|title=BOM – Australia's Record Rainfall}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/water/designRainfalls/pmp/document/GSDM.pdf|title=BOM – The Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation in Australia}}
21. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=cnopAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NOcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5544,1314961&dq=melbourne+flood&hl=en Melbourne floods hit 100 homes], The Sydney Morning Herald – Sep 19, 1984
22. ^"Melbourne, Vic: Heatwave" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205044740/http://www.ema.gov.au/ema/emadisasters.nsf/6a1bf6b4b60f6f05ca256d1200179a5b/50fbfd3b5f29bc35ca256d3300057bf7?OpenDocument |date=February 5, 2012 }}. Ema.gov.au. 25 July 2003. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Wild-weather-hits/2005/02/03/1107228799061.html|title=Wild weather hits|work=theage.com.au}}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Melbourne-has-never-seen-anything-like-it/2005/02/03/1107409986007.html|title=Melbourne has never seen anything like it|work=theage.com.au}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Storm-damage-bill-could-be-100m/2005/02/04/1107472869921.html|title=Storm damage bill could be $100m|work=theage.com.au}}
26. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/dec/17/melbourne-braces-for-heatwave-as-temperatures-set-to-hit-40c-on-saturday|title=Melbourne braces for heatwave|publisher=The Guardian|date=17 December 2015|accessdate=2016-01-13}}
27. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/national/city-swelters-records-tumble-in-heat-20090207-80ai.html|title=City Swelters, records tumble in heat|author=Hamish Townsend|publisher=The Age|date=7 February 2009|accessdate=2009-03-19 | location=Melbourne}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.emknowledge.gov.au/resource/?id=505|title=Severe Storm – Melbourne, Victoria Feb 2011|publisher=Australian Emergency Management Knowledge Hub}}
29. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/nation/emergency-services-clean-up-after-victoria-south-australia-lashed-by-storms/story-e6frg6nf-1226190952328 | title=Emergency services clean up after storms lash Victoria, South Australia | date=10 November 2011 | agency=AAP}}
30. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.theage.com.au/environment/weather/tornado-hail-as-storms-lash-melbourne-20111225-1p9au.html | location=Melbourne | work=The Age | title=Tornado, hail as storms lash Melbourne | date=25 December 2011}}
31. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.theage.com.au/environment/weather/melbourne-faces-10day-heatwave-20130306-2fl8a.html | location=Melbourne | work=The Age | title= Melbourne faces 10-day heatwave| date=March 6, 2013}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2013/s3927578.htm|title=Melbourne records heatwave not seen for 100 years|publisher=ABC|accessdate=19 January 2014}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/201401/html/IDCJDW3050.201401.shtml|title=Melbourne, Victoria January 2014 Daily Weather Observations|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106072030/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/dwo/201401/html/IDCJDW3050.201401.shtml|archivedate=2014-01-06|df=}}
34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/thunderstorm-asthma-the-night-a-deadly-storm-took-melbournes-breath-away-20170308-gut8ur.html|title=Thunderstorm asthma: the night a deadly storm took Melbourne's breath away|last=Wood|first=Stephanie|date=2017-03-10|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2017-03-19|language=en-US}}
35. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-01/thunderstorm-asthma-in-melbourne-not-understood-review-finds/8230834|title=Emergency chiefs did not understand Melbourne's asthma storm, review finds|date=2017-02-01|work=ABC News|access-date=2017-03-19|language=en-AU}}
36. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2016/11/22/explainer-what-thunderstorm-asthma|title=Explainer: What is thunderstorm asthma?|work=News|access-date=2017-03-19|language=en}}
37. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article7143278 |title=Black Thursday. |newspaper=The Argus (Melbourne, Vic. : 1848 – 1957) |location=Melbourne, Vic. |date=17 January 1857 |accessdate=13 January 2016 |page=4 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086071_All.shtml |title=Climate statistics for Australian locations — Melbourne |accessdate=13 January 2016 |publisher=Bureau of Meteorology}}

2 : History of Melbourne|Weather events in Australia
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