| 词条 | Iriomote Island | |||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Iriomote Island | native_name = 西表島 | image_name = Map-Iriomote.png | image_size = | image_caption = Map of Iriomote Island | image_alt = | map_image = Yaeyama map.png | map_caption = Iriomote Island in relation to the other Yaeyama Islands | location = Bordering the Pacific Ocean and East China Sea, southwest of mainland Japan and east of Taiwan | coordinates = {{coord|24|17|33|N|123|51|43|E|region:ID_type:isle}} | archipelago = Yaeyama Islands | total_islands = | major_islands = | area_km2 = 289.27 | area_footnotes = [1] | rank = | length_km = | length_footnotes = | width_km = | width_footnotes = | coastline_km = 130.0 | coastline_footnotes = [1] | elevation_m = 469.5 | elevation_footnotes = | highest_mount = {{nihongo|Mt. Komi|古見岳|Komi-dake}} | country = Japan | country_admin_divisions_title = Prefecture | country_admin_divisions = Okinawa Prefecture | country_admin_divisions_title_1 = Town | country_admin_divisions_1 =Taketomi, Okinawa | population = 2347 | population_as_of = 2005 | density_km2 = | density_footnotes = | ethnic_groups = | website = | additional_info = }}{{nihongo|Iriomote Island|西表島|Iriomote-jima|Yaeyama: Irïmutii; Iriomote dialect: Irimutii; Okinawan: Iriumuti}} is the largest of the Yaeyama Islands and the second largest in Okinawa Prefecture after Okinawa Island itself. The island has an area of 289.27 km² and a 2005 population of 2347. The island does not have an airstrip, and most visitors—over 390,000 in 2006—arrive from Ishigaki by ferry, a 31.4 km ride to {{nihongo4|Uwahara Port|上原港}} on Iriomote's northeast coast or {{nihongo4|Ōhara Port|大原港}} on the southeast coast. Administratively the island belongs to Taketomi Town, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.[1] Infrastructure is limited to a single coastal road connecting the hamlets on the northern and eastern shores. WildlifeThe island is famed for the Iriomote cat, a Critically Endangered wild cat found only on Iriomote.[2] {{As of|2007}} the population size is estimated to be 100–109 individuals.[3] The island has a venomous snake—Trimeresurus elegans, known locally as the habu, is a species of pitviper whose bite has a fatality rate of 3% and a permanent disability rate of 6–8%.[4] CultureThe Iriomote dialect of the Yaeyama language is spoken by some people on the island. HistoryThe island had few settlements of fishermen and rice growers on the coastal areas, but it never had a large population until the Iriomote Coal Mine operated between 1889 and 1959. During World War II some residents of Ishigaki were forcibly made to take refuge in Iriomote, many of whom contracted malaria. After the war, the US Forces in Japan eradicated malaria from the island, and the island has been malaria-free since then. The island, together with the rest of Okinawa Prefecture, remained a US-controlled territory until 1972. Iriomote was returned to Japan on 17 June 1972. EconomyApart from tourism, the island economy is sustained by agricultural production, primarily of pineapple, sugarcane, mango, culture pearl growing [5] and fishing. Geography and climate90% of the island is covered by dense jungle and mangrove swamps. 80% of the island is protected state land, and 34.3% of the island forms the Iriomote National Park. The highest point on the island is Mt. Komi (古見岳 Komidake) at {{convert|469.5|m|ft}}. Around {{convert|21|km|mi}} northwest ({{coord|24.558|N|124.00|E|type:mountain|name=Iriomotejima}}) of Iriomote is an active undersea volcano which last erupted in 1924; the summit is {{convert|200|m|ft}} below sea level. The island's Urauchi River is the largest river in Okinawa Prefecture, and the smaller Nakama and Nakara rivers also flow within the island. Iriomote is also home to Pinaisara Falls, the largest waterfall in Okinawa Prefecture.[6] Iriomote has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af). The average yearly temperature is {{convert|23.6|°C|1}}, and the average monthly temperature ranges from {{convert|18.3|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|28.9|°C|1}} in July. Iriomote has a typhoon season that, on average, runs from June to September. {{Weather box |location = Iriomote |single line = Y |metric first = Y |Jan high C = 20.4 |Feb high C = 21.4 |Mar high C = 22.8 |Apr high C = 25.1 |May high C = 28.3 |Jun high C = 30.2 |Jul high C = 32.1 |Aug high C = 31.1 |Sep high C = 30.1 |Oct high C = 27.6 |Nov high C = 25.0 |Dec high C = 22.1 |Jan mean C = 18.3 |Feb mean C = 18.9 |Mar mean C = 19.9 |Apr mean C = 22.5 |May mean C = 25.2 |Jun mean C = 27.4 |Jul mean C = 28.9 |Aug mean C = 28.3 |Sep mean C = 27.3 |Oct mean C = 25.1 |Nov mean C = 22.7 |Dec mean C = 19.5 |Jan low C = 16.3 |Feb low C = 16.7 |Mar low C = 17.6 |Apr low C = 20.1 |May low C = 22.7 |Jun low C = 25.1 |Jul low C = 26.5 |Aug low C = 25.8 |Sep low C = 24.8 |Oct low C = 23.0 |Nov low C = 20.5 |Dec low C = 17.7 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 168.9 |Feb precipitation mm = 166.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 149.2 |Apr precipitation mm = 174.6 |May precipitation mm = 182.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 197.8 |Jul precipitation mm = 141.6 |Aug precipitation mm = 273.6 |Sep precipitation mm = 267.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 209.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 221.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 153.1 |Jan humidity = 78 |Feb humidity = 76 |Mar humidity = 80 |Apr humidity = 80 |May humidity = 82 |Jun humidity = 82 |Jul humidity = 78 |Aug humidity = 82 |Sep humidity = 81 |Oct humidity = 76 |Nov humidity = 78 |Dec humidity = 73 |Jan sun = 74.5 |Feb sun = 77.0 |Mar sun = 95.5 |Apr sun = 121.8 |May sun = 170.3 |Jun sun = 199.8 |Jul sun = 253.2 |Aug sun = 230.6 |Sep sun = 198.7 |Oct sun = 146.0 |Nov sun = 93.4 |Dec sun = 75.4 |source 1 = JMA (1981-2010) [7] |date=December 2013}} GalleryReferences1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/chiiki_ritou/simajima/iriomote/data_index.html |script-title=ja:知・旅･住 離島総合情報サイト 沖縄のしまじま |trans-title=Know, Travel, Live: Remote Islands General Information Site: Okinawa's Islands |publisher=Okinawa Prefecture |accessdate=11 June 2012 |language=Japanese |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040628033558/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/chiiki_ritou/simajima/iriomote/data_index.html |archivedate=28 June 2004 |df= }} 2. ^{{IUCN |assessor=Izawa, M. |year=2008 |title=Prionailurus bengalensis ssp. iriomotensis |id=18151 |version=2011.2}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/press/press.php?serial=10060 |script-title=ja:イリオモテヤマネコ生息状況等総合調査（第４次）の結果について（お知らせ） |author=環境省 |language=Japanese |trans-title=(Fourth) Survey of the State of the Iriomote Cat's Habitat: Regarding the Results (notice) |accessdate=10 June 2012}} 4. ^U.S. Navy (1991). Poisonous Snakes of the World. New York: Dover Publications Inc. {{ISBN|0-486-26629-X}}. 5. ^http://raden-pearlinlay.com/en/pearlshells 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.env.go.jp/en/nature/nps/park/parks/iriomote.html |title=Introducing places of interest: Iriomote-Ishigaki National Park (Iriomote) |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=11 June 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=91&block_no=47917&year=&month=&day=&view= |title = Iriomotejima Climate Normals 1981-2010 |publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency |language = Japanese |accessdate = December 22, 2013}} 8. ^Hohenegger, J., Larger foraminifera as important calcium-carbonate producers in coral reef environments and constituting the main components of carbonate beach sands; examples from the Ryukyu archipelago. Institut für Paläontologie, Universität Wien. External links{{Commons category|Iriomotejima}}
2 : Islands of Okinawa Prefecture|Yaeyama Islands |
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