| 词条 | Isaac Todhunter |
| 释义 |
|name = Isaac Todhunter |image = Todhunter Isaac.jpg |image_size = 140px |caption = Isaac Todhunter, 1916 |birth_date = {{birth date|1820|11|23|df=y}} |birth_place = Rye, Sussex, England |death_date = {{death date and age|1884|3|1|1820|11|23|df=y}} |death_place = Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = English |fields = Mathematics |workplaces = |alma_mater = University College, London University of London St John's College, Cambridge |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = William Hopkins |doctoral_students = |notable_students = |known_for = |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = Augustus De Morgan |influenced = |awards = Smith's prize (1848) Adams prize (1871) Burney prize |signature = |footnotes = }} Isaac Todhunter FRS (23 November 1820 – 1 March 1884), was an English mathematician who is best known today for the books he wrote on mathematics and its history. Life and workThe son of George Todhunter, a Nonconformist minister, and Mary née Hume, he was born at Rye, Sussex. He was educated at Hastings, where his mother had opened a school after the death of his father in 1826. He became an assistant master at a school at Peckham, attending at the same time evening classes at the University College, London where he was influenced by Augustus De Morgan. In 1842 he obtained a mathematical scholarship and graduated as B.A. at London University, where he was awarded the gold medal on the M.A. examination. About this time he became mathematical master at a school at Wimbledon.[1] In 1844 Todhunter entered St John's College, Cambridge, where he was senior wrangler in 1848, and gained the first Smith's Prize and the Burney Prize; and in 1849 he was elected to a fellowship, and began his life of college lecturer and private tutor.[2] In 1862 he was made a fellow of the Royal Society,[3] and in 1865 a member of the Mathematical Society of London. In 1871 he gained the Adams Prize and was elected to the council of the Royal Society. He was elected honorary fellow of St John's in 1874, having resigned his fellowship on his marriage in 1864. In 1880 his eyesight began to fail, and shortly afterwards he was attacked with paralysis.[1] He is buried in the Mill Road cemetery, Cambridge.[1] Personal lifeTodhunter married 13 August 1864 Louisa Anna Maria, eldest daughter of Captain (afterwards Admiral) George Davies, R.N. (at that time head of the county constabulary force). He died on 1 March 1884, at his residence, 6 Brookside, Cambridge. A mural tablet and medallion portrait were placed in the ante-chapel of his college by his widow, who, with four sons and one daughter, survived him.[1] He was a sound Latin and Greek scholar, familiar with French, German, Spanish, Italian, and also Russian, Hebrew, and Sanskrit. He was well versed in the history of philosophy, and on three occasions acted as examiner for the moral sciences tripos.[1] Selected writings
An unfinished work, The History of the Theory of Elasticity, was edited and published posthumously in 1886 by Karl Pearson. A biographical work on William Whewell was published in 1876, in addition to many original papers in scientific journals. Todhunter wrote textbooks on algebra and trigonometry, and a revision of the translation by Robert Simson of Euclid's Elements, which, with an introduction by Thomas Little Heath, was republished by Everyman in 1933.[4] Todhunter's major historical works include a history of the Probability theory from the time of Blaise Pascal to that of Pierre-Simon Laplace first published in 1865.[5][6] Some of these are available at [https://books.google.com/books?q=inauthor:%22isaac+todhunter%22&lr=&sa=N Isaac Todhunter's publications at Google Books]. References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite DNB|wstitle=Todhunter, Isaac|volume=56}} 2. ^{{acad|id=TDHR844I|name=Todhunter, Isaac}} 3. ^{{cite web |url= http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=0&dsqSearch=(Surname=%27todhunter%27) |title= Todhunter; Isaac (1820 - 1884); Mathematician; Fellow of Royal Society |accessdate=2008-08-04 |work= Search for Fellows |publisher= Royal Society |date= 5 June 1862 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Cairns|first=W. D.|title=The Elements of Euclid. by Isaac Todhunter; Thomas L. Heath|journal=The American Mathematical Monthly|date=June–July 1934|volume=41|issue=6|page=383|doi=10.2307/2301562|jstor=2301562}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last=Kendall|first=M. G.|authorlink=Maurice Kendall|title=Isaac Todhunter's History of the Mathematical Theory of Probability|journal=Biometrika|date=June 1963|volume=50|series=Studies in the History of Probability and Statistics. XIII|issue=1/2|pages=204–205|doi=10.2307/2333762|jstor=2333762}} 6. ^{{cite journal|last=Gini|first=Corrado|authorlink=Corrado Gini|title=A History of the Mathematical Theory of Probability from the time of Pascal to that of Laplace by I. Todhunter|journal=Genus|year=1955|volume=11|issue=1/4|pages=307–308|doi=10.2307/29787294|jstor=29787294}}
Further reading
A digital version of the above obituary is at the Gallica site.
External links{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=no | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=Author:Isaac Todhunter | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=q1398945}}
10 : People from Rye, East Sussex|1820 births|1884 deaths|Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge|Alumni of the University of London|Fellows of the Royal Society|Senior Wranglers|19th-century English mathematicians|Historians of mathematics|Euclid |
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